Impact of vitamin D supplementation on markers of bone turnover: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

AIM: The effects of vitamin D administration on bone turnover markers (BTMs) in adults are controversial. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis of available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the impact of vitamin D supplementation on BTMs. METHODS: To identify relevant RCTs, we searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Embase databases for manuscripts published up to July 2022. The present study was conducted in agreement with the PRISMA guidelines. Weighed mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to calculate the magnitude of the effect of the intervention. RESULTS: A total of 42 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. The age of the participants enrolled in the RCTs ranged from 19.4 to 84 years. The pooled results depicted a decrease in deoxypyridinoline (DPD) concentrations (WMD: -1.58 nmol/mmol, 95% CI: -2.55, -.61, p = .001) following vitamin D supplementation. In addition, subgroup analyses demonstrated that vitamin D administration notably reduced procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) levels in individuals aged >50 years and led to a pronounced decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values when the intervention lasted >12 weeks. No significant effect was observed on other BTMs, for example, collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX) and osteocalcin (OC) levels. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D administration decreases DPD, PINP and ALP levels, indicating a reduced bone turnover following the intervention. Other BTMs, for example, CTX or OC values, were not affected by vitamin D prescription. Vitamin D supplementation may exert a positive effect on some important BTMs.

The effect of paleolithic diet on glucose metabolism and lipid profile among patients with metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have investigated the effects of the Paleolithic diet (PD) in adult patients suffering from metabolic disorders. However, the results of these RCTs are conflicting. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of the PD in patients with metabolic disorders. METHODS: We searched the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Databases, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to June, 2020. The data were pooled using a random-effects model. From the eligible publications, 10 articles were selected for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The heterogeneity was determined using the I2 statistics and the Cochrane Q test. RESULTS: The pooled results from the random-effects model showed a significant reduction of the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (weighted mean difference, WMD: -0.39, 95% CI: -0.70, -0.08), fasting insulin (WMD: -12.17 µU/mL, 95% CI: -24.26, -0.08), total cholesterol (WMD: -0.32 mmol/l, 95% CI: -0.49, -0.15), triglycerides (WMD: -0.29 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.42, -0.16), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: -0.35 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.67, -0.03), blood pressure (BP)(WMD - 5.89 mmHg; 95% CI - 9.973 to - 1.86 for the systolic BP and WMD - 4.01 mmHg; 95% CI - 6.21 to - 1.80 for the diastolic BP values) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (WMD: -0.84, mg/L, 95% CI: -1.62, -0.06) in the PD group versus control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide better insights into the effect of the PD on the modulation of the glucose and lipid metabolism factors in patients with metabolic disorders, providing comprehensive information for the development of future RCTs with a high quality design.

Efficacy of Continuous Lumbar Plexus Blockade in Managing Post-Operative Pain after Hip or Femur Orthopedic Surgeries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Post-operative pain management is essential for optimizing recovery, patient comfort, and satisfaction. Peripheral nerve blockade, or lumbar plexus block (LPB), has been widely used for analgesia and regional anesthesia. This study explored the existing literature to determine the efficacy of continuous lumbar plexus blockade in managing post-operative pain following hip or femur surgery. Methods: Reviewers comprehensively searched electronic databases to identify peer-reviewed scholarly articles reporting the efficacy of lumbar plexus block in managing post-operative pain after orthopedic surgery. The potential articles were carefully selected and assessed for the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias assessment tool. Data were systematically extracted and analyzed. Results: The literature search yielded 206 articles, 20 of which were randomized controlled trials. Lumbar plexus block demonstrated superior pain relief compared to conventional pain management approaches like general anesthetics. In addition, LPB reduced patients' overall opioid consumption compared to controls, reduced adverse effects, and enhanced functional recovery, which underlines the broader positive impact of meticulous pain management. More patients could walk more than 40 feet after the second day post-operatively among the lumbar plexus group (14.7%) compared to the continuous femoral group (1.3%). Other parameters, including cortisol levels and hemodynamic stability, were evaluated, showing comparable outcomes. Conclusions: Lumbar plexus block is effective in pain management after orthopedic surgery, as shown by the lower pain scores and less opioid consumption. Additionally, patient satisfaction was relatively higher in LPB-treated patients compared to other approaches like general anesthesia.

Adamantinoma Metastasis to the Pelvis and Ovaries: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Adamantinoma, constituting a minute fraction of primary bone tumors, poses a diagnostic challenge due to its ambiguous histogenesis. This report outlines a distinctive case involving a 27-year-old female with a history of right tibial adamantinoma, presenting with bilateral pulmonary emboli and metastasis to the ovaries and pelvic lymph nodes. Following en bloc resection five years earlier, the patient underwent debulking surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPIC) and intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) as a palliative measure. The procedure achieved substantial pelvic tumor reduction, and subsequent follow-ups indicated a favorable postoperative trajectory. This case underscores the rarity of adamantinoma metastasis to the ovaries and pelvis, being the first reported instance, shedding light on the challenges and potential benefits of a multimodal palliative approach. Further research is warranted to refine treatment strategies for metastatic adamantinoma and enhance patient outcomes.

Galcanezumab for the Management of Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.

Introduction Migraine is a frequent neurological condition manifested by several episodes of headache. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been shown to play a key role in the pathophysiology of migraine. Galcanezumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds CGRP and inhibits its action, without affecting the CGRP receptor. The aim of this study is to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized placebo-controlled trials that evaluated the efficacy of galcanezumab (120 mg or 240 mg) for the management of migraine. Methods We screened four databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, and Cochrane Central) from inception to October 10, 2020. Studies meeting the following criteria were included: (i) Patients: individuals with migraine, (ii) Intervention: galcanezumab at a dose of 120 mg or 240 mg, (iii) Comparator: placebo, (iv) Outcomes: prespecified efficacy and safety outcomes, and (v) Study design: randomized placebo-controlled trials. Efficacy outcomes included change in migraine headache days (MHDs), change in MHDs with acute medication use, patient global impression of severity (PGI-S) score, migraine-specific quality of life role function-restrictive domain (MSQ RF-R) score, and migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) score. Safety outcomes included frequency of injection-site pain, nasopharyngitis, and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Moreover, we used the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. Review Manager Software, version 5.4.1, was used for statistical analysis. Mean difference and risk ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to analyze continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. We used the fixed-effects and random-effects models to analyze homogeneous and heterogeneous data, respectively. Results A total of six studies comprising 4,023 patients were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. When compared to placebo, both doses of galcanezumab were highly effective in decreasing MHDs (p<0.001), reducing MHDs with acute medication use (p<0.001), and improving the PGI-S score (p<0.001). On the other hand, MSQ RF-R and MIDAS scores were significantly enhanced only in the 240-mg dose group (p<0.001). With regard to side effects, the rates of injection-site pain and nasopharyngitis did not substantially differ between galcanezumab (inclusive of 120 mg and 240 mg) and placebo groups. Nonetheless, when compared to placebo, galcanezumab 120 mg, but not galcanezumab 240 mg, substantially correlated with a higher rate of URTI. Conclusions Galcanezumab is clinically safe and efficient for the management of migraine, and the use of a higher dose increases its efficacy. Future research directions should be geared toward determining the optimal dose of galcanezumab in the management of patients with migraine. Moreover, head-to-head comparative studies between galcanezumab and other related anti-CGRP receptor monoclonal antibodies are warranted.