ABSTRACT
This is a nonclinical, controlled, and triple-blind study to investigate the effects of codeine-associated geraniol on the modulation of orofacial nociception and its potential central nervous system depressing effect in an animal model. The orofacial antinociceptive activity of geraniol in combination with codeine was assessed through the following tests: (i) formalin-induced pain, (ii) glutamate-induced pain, and (iii) capsaicin-induced pain. Six animals were equally distributed into six groups and received the following treatments, given intraperitoneally (i.p.) 30 minutes before the experiments: a) geraniol/codeine 50/30 mg/kg; b) geraniol/codeine 50/15 mg/kg; c) geraniol/codeine 50/7.5 mg/kg; d) geraniol 50 mg/kg; e) codeine 30 mg/kg (positive control); or f) 0.9% sodium chloride (negative control). We performed pain behavior analysis after the injection of formalin (20 µL, 20%), glutamate (20 µL, 25 µM), and capsaicin (20 µL, 2.5 µg) into the paranasal region. Rubbing time of the paranasal region by the hind or front paw was used as a parameter. In the neurogenic phase of the formalin test, the geraniol/codeine at 50/7.5 mg/kg was able to promote the maximum antinociceptive effect, reducing nociception by 71.9% (p < 0.0001). In the inflammatory phase of the formalin test, geraniol/codeine at 50/30 mg/kg significantly reduced orofacial nociception (p < 0.005). In the glutamate test, geraniol/codeine at 50/30 mg/kg reduced the rubbing time by 54.2% and reduced nociception in the capsaicin test by 66.7% (p < 0.005). Geraniol alone or in combination does not promote nonspecific depressing effects on the central nervous system. Based on our findings, we suggest the possible synergy between geraniol and codeine in the modulation of orofacial pain.
Subject(s)
Acyclic Monoterpenes , Analgesics , Capsaicin , Codeine , Facial Pain , Pain Measurement , Terpenes , Animals , Codeine/pharmacology , Facial Pain/chemically induced , Facial Pain/drug therapy , Acyclic Monoterpenes/pharmacology , Male , Pain Measurement/drug effects , Capsaicin/pharmacology , Terpenes/pharmacology , Analgesics/pharmacology , Mice , Time Factors , Disease Models, Animal , Reproducibility of Results , Formaldehyde , Glutamic Acid , Treatment Outcome , Nociception/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Behavior, Animal/drug effectsABSTRACT
Candida species are frequently implicated in the development of both superficial and invasive fungal infections, which can impact vital organs. In the quest for novel strategies to combat fungal infections, there has been growing interest in exploring synthetic and semi-synthetic products, particularly chromone derivatives, renowned for their antimicrobial properties. In the analysis of the antifungal activity of the compound (E)-benzylidene-chroman-4-one against Candida, in silico and laboratory tests were performed to predict possible mechanisms of action pathways, and in vitro tests were performed to determine antifungal activity (MIC and MFC), to verify potential modes of action on the fungal cell membrane and wall, and to assess cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes. The tested compound exhibited predicted affinity for all fungal targets, with the highest predicted affinity observed for thymidylate synthase (-102.589 kJ/mol). MIC and CFM values ranged from 264.52 µM (62.5 µg/mL) to 4232.44 µM (1000 µg/mL). The antifungal effect likely occurs due to the action of the compound on the plasma membrane. Therefore, (E)-benzylidene-chroman-4-one showed fungicidal-like activity against Candida spp., possibly targeting the plasma membrane.
ABSTRACT
This review describes the geographical distribution, botanical data, popular use, chemical composition, pharmacological activities and genetic aspects related to Eugenia luschnathiana, a native Brazilian plant popularly known as "bay pitomba". E. luschnathiana leaves are characterized morphologically by the presence of a petiole, an attenuated base, acuminated apex, elliptical shape, and parallel venation. The major chemical compounds found in E. luschnathiana are sesquiterpenes. Literature reports showed that E. luschnathiana extracts have antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The extractsfrom the leaf, fruit and stem, and a concentrated residual solution of its essential oil, displayed negligible toxicity. Lastly, a cytogenetic analysis indicated that some markers can be used for the study of genetic diversity, population structure, and genetic improvements. The information available on E. luschnathiana supports the hypothesis that this plant may be a source of compounds with promising pharmacological activity.
Esta revisión describe la distribución geográfica, datos botánicos, uso popular, composición química, actividad farmacológica y el análisis genético de Eugenia luschnathiana, una planta originaria del Brasil conocida popularmente como "pitomba da baía". Las hojas de E. luschnathiana se caracterizan por la presencia de pecíolo, base atenuada, ápice acuminado, forma elíptica y venación paralela. Su composición química presenta mayormente sesquiterpenos. Los informes en la literatura muestran que los extractos de E. luschnathiana presentan propiedades antioxidantes y actividad antimicrobiana contra las bacterias Gram-negativas y Gram-positivas. Los extractos de la hoja, fruto y tallo, y una solución residual concentrada del aceite esencial, presentaron baja toxicidad. Por último, un análisis citogenético indicó que algunos marcadores pueden utilizarse para estudios de diversidad genética, estructura poblacional y mejoramiento genético. Las informaciones disponibles acerca de E. luschnathiana proponen la hipótesis de que esta planta puede ser una fuente de compuestos con actividad farmacológica prometedora.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Eugenia/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Terpenes/analysis , Bacteria/drug effects , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Extracts/genetics , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Eugenia/genetics , Medicine, Traditional , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistryABSTRACT
Introdução: O alto consumo de medicamentos no Brasil impulsiona o desenvolvimento de estratégias para promoção do uso racional dos mesmos, especialmente em população mais vulneráveis. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil socioeconômico, demográfico e farmacoterapêutico dos alunos incluídos na presente pesquisa; bem como, promover atividades de educação em saúde.Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa epidemiológica transversal, quantitativa e descritiva realizada com 33 alunos do terceiro e quarto ciclos do programa de Educação de Jovens e Adultos de uma escola pública de João Pessoa-PB. Os dados foram coletados através de formulário, ficha de medicamentos e atividades de educação em saúde. Resultados:A maioria dos estudantes jovens e adultos com idade abaixo de 60 anos(75,7%), predominando o sexo feminino(69,6%)e parda(63,3%). Quase metade dos participantes é constituída de desempregados(45,5%). Parte dos alunos(39,9%) afirmaram ter renda mensal de até um salário mínimo. Para realização desse projeto foram efetuadas atividades que proporcionavam, através de metodologias ativas, a educação e promoção do uso racional de medicamentos e o autocuidado. Quanto ao perfil farmacoterapêutico observa-se interações medicamentosas entre anti-hipertensivos, hipoglicemiantes, anti-tireoidiano e medicamentos isentos de prescrição, apresentando presença de automedicação. As classes medicamentosas predominantes foram os analgésicos, anti-hipertensivos, anti-inflamatórios,antiácidos e hipoglicemiantes. Conclusões:O desenvolvimento de práticas educativas no âmbito da Educação de Jovens e Adultos incentivam o diálogo e a participação dos envolvidos, com grande potencial para ampliação do acesso às informações associadas ao autocuidado em saúde em suas famílias, escola e comunidade (AU).
Introduction:The high consumption of medicines in Brazil drives the development of strategies to promote their rational use, especially in the most vulnerable populations. Objective:Draw the socioeconomic, demographic and pharmacotherapeutic profile of the students included in this research; as well as promoting health education activities. Methodology:This is a cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive epidemiological research carried out with 33 students from the third and fourth cycles of the Youth and Adult Education program of a public school in João Pessoa-PB. The data were collected through a form, medication form and health education activities. Results:The majority of young and adult students under the age of 60 (75.7%), predominantly female (69.6%) and brown (63.3%). Almost half of the participants are unemployed (45.5%). Part of the students (39.9%) said they had a monthly income of up to one minimum wage. In order to carry out this project, activities were carried out that provided, through active methodologies, education and promotion of the rational use of medicines and self-care. Regarding the pharmacotherapeutic profile, drug interactions are observed between antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemic agents, anti-thyroid agents and non-prescription drugs, with the presence of self-medication. The predominant drug classes were analgesics, antihypertensives, anti-inflammatories, antacids and hypoglycemic agents. Conclusions:The development of educational practices within the scope of Youth and Adult Education encourages dialogue and the participation of those involved, with great potential for expanding access to information associated with self-care in health in their families, school and community (AU).
Introducción: El alto consumo de medicamentos en Brasil impulsa el desarrollo de estrategias para promover su uso racional, especialmente en las poblaciones más vulnerables. Objetivo:Dibujar el perfil socioeconómico, demográficoy farmacoterapéutico de los estudiantes incluidos en esta investigación; así como promover actividades de educación para la salud. Metodología:Esta es una investigación epidemiológica transversal, cuantitativa y descriptiva realizada con 33 estudiantes del tercer y cuarto ciclo del programa de Educación para Jóvenes y Adultos de una escuela pública en João Pessoa-PB. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un formulario, formulario de medicamentos y actividades de educación para la salud.Resultados:La mayoría de los estudiantes jóvenes y adultos menores de 60 años (75.7%), predominantemente mujeres (69.6%) y marrones (63.3%). Casi la mitad de los participantes están desempleados (45,5%). Parte de los estudiantes (39.9%) dijeron que tenían un ingreso mensual de hasta un salario mínimo. Para llevar a cabo este proyecto, se llevaron a cabo actividades que proporcionaron, a través de metodologías activas, educación y promoción del uso racional de medicamentos y autocuidado. En cuanto al perfil farmacoterapéutico, se observan interacciones farmacológicas entre fármacos antihipertensivos, agentes hipoglucemiantes, agentes antitiroideos y medicamentos sin receta, con presencia de automedicación. Las clases de drogas predominantes fueron analgésicos, antihipertensivos, antiinflamatorios, antiácidos y agentes hipoglucemiantes. Conclusiones:El desarrollo de prácticas educativas en el ámbito de la educación de jóvenes y adultos fomenta el diálogo y la participación de los involucrados, con un gran potencial para ampliar el acceso a la información asociada con el autocuidado en salud en sus familias, escuelas y comunidades (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Socioeconomic Factors , Mainstreaming, Education/methods , Health Education , Prescription Drug Overuse , Health Promotion , Brazil , Epidemiologic Studies , DemographyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de erosão dentária e identificar fatores etiológicos associados ao surgimento e desenvolvimento desta condição dental em escolares de 6 a 12 anos na cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Métodos: A amostra foi composta de 250 escolares da rede educacional pública e privada. Para o exame clínico, utilizou-se um índice específico para erosão dentária. A análise estatística foi feita pelo Statistical Package for Social Sciences, versão13.0, sendo o valor de p menor que 0,05 considerado estatisticamente significativo... Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a prevalência de erosão dentária nessa população é elevada e com baixa severidade, e que o consumo de suco industrializado foi o fator associado mais relevante para o desenvolvimento das lesões de erosão.
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of dental erosion and to identify associated factors related to the dental erosion development in 6- and 12-year-old children in Joao Pessoa, Paraiba. Methods: The sample was composed of 250 schools of the public and private educational net. For the clinical dental examination, it was used an index for dental erosion. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, v.13.0. A probability of 5 per cent was set previously... Conclusion: It can be concluded that the prevalence of dental erosion in this population is high, with low severity levels how and that the consumption of industrialized juices was the most relevant factor related tothe development of dental erosion lesions.