The effect of spiritual reminiscence therapy on depression and hope among Iranian older adults: a quasi-experimental study.

This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the impact of spiritual reminiscence therapy (SRT) on depression and hope among older adults living in Shahroud, northeast of Iran. One hundred fifty-six older adults were selected through convenience sampling and assigned non-randomly to the intervention (n= 78) and control (n= 78) groups. The data collection tools included the Geriatric Depression Scale and Adult Hope Scale. For the intervention group, SRT was conducted in six weekly sessions, each lasting 60 to 90 min, over six weeks. The data were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics and inferential tests (independent t-test, Chi-square test, and analysis of covariance). The two groups' post-intervention mean scores on depression (t= 11.63 and P< 0.001), and hope (t= 4.41 and P< 0.001) were statistically different, suggesting that SRT positively affected older adults by alleviating despair and boosting hope. The findings indicate that engaging in SRT can be beneficial in reducing depression and fostering hope among older adults.

Efficacy of simulated video on test anxiety in objective structured clinical examination among nursing and midwifery students: A quasi-experimental study.

AIM: This research investigated the effectiveness of simulated video on test anxiety in the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) among nursing and midwifery students. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study with a two-group pre-test and post-test design. METHODS: This study was conducted on 118 nursing and midwifery students in Shahroud northeast of Iran in 2019 using the census sampling method. The intervention group received a 15-minute OSCE simulation video half an hour before the test. Data were collected using the Sarason test anxiety questionnaire in two stages: one week before the test and after the simulation film was screened. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Independent t-test, Chi-square, Exact fisher and Paired t-test). RESULTS: At baseline, no significant difference was observed between groups in the total mean score of test anxiety. The mean score of test anxiety significantly decreased in the OSCE simulation video group after the intervention.

The prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and its related risk factors among children at elementary school in Shahroud.

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common reasons for visiting psychiatrists and psychologists. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ADHD and its related risk factors among children at elementary schools. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study focused on teachers and parents of 779 elementary students who were selected through stratified cluster random sampling; Conners Parent and Teacher Questionnaires were used to collecting data. The data were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage), independent samples t-test, Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression. The significant level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: According to teachers' responses, the prevalence of ADHD among students in elementary schools was 4.4%, whereas parents reported a prevalence of 0.5%. There was a significant relationship between childhood ADHD and marital status of parents, fathers' smoking habits, previous experience of living in rural areas, children's previous history of having diseases and using the medicine, previous history of ADHD, and psychological problems in the family. CONCLUSIONS: According to the study, teachers and parents suffer from a lack of knowledge about ADHD. Thus, the educational workshops and programs should be held for teachers, parents, and counselors to inform them about the procedures for timely diagnosis and treatment of ADHD.

Workshop and package education intervention to knowledge, attitude and practice of ICU nurses on the use of physical restraints.

Background The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the two training methods: educational workshop and electronic package on the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses in intensive care units (ICUs). Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 64 nurses working in ICU at Imam Hossein and Bahar Hospitals in 2017 in Shahroud were randomly selected into two groups of training: workshops and educational package. At first, knowledge, attitude and performance of the two groups were measured and then 2 weeks after the post-test training. Data were analyzed by Fisher exact, Wilcoxon, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test with a significance level ≤0.05. Results A significant difference was found between knowledge score in the workshop (10.40 ± 1.41) and educational package (11.25 ± 0.95) (p=0.007). However, No significant difference was found between the nurses attitude in the workshop group (28.59 ± 2.74) and the trained by educational package (28.25 ± 2.85) (p=0.617). Also, no significant difference was found between the mean practice scores in two groups (p=0/143). Conclusion The results of this study indicated that the educational package was more effective than the workshop on improving the level of knowledge of nurses about physical restriction, but both methods increased the attitude and practice of nurses.

Parental attitude toward children's mental disorders and its relationship with help seeking behaviors.

Background The purpose of the study was to assess parent's attitudes toward mental illness in children and its relationship with help seeking behaviors. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted in a pediatric psychiatric clinic of under affiliation of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2016-2017. All children's parents or guardians who referred for the first time to the clinics were the study population. Convenient sampling was applied and 400 subjects were included by survey method. The data collection tool for this study included a form for demographic data, a questionnaire for assessing parents' attitude toward the causes, behavioral demonstrations and treatment of mental disorders in children, and finally a checklist to determine help seeking behaviors. Descriptive and inferential statistics was applied with SPSS software version 16 for data analysis. Results Of the parents, 93.7% had a good attitude toward mental illness in the three studied realms. Of the parents, 56.25% referred to official sources of help. The results of this research showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of parents' attitude (sum of the three areas) in terms of child's gender, parents' marital status, father's job, father's education, and mother's education and there was a significant relationship between help seeking behavior of parents just with fathers' education level (p<0.05). Conclusions The results showed that parents had a good attitude toward their children's mental disorders. However, it should not be overlooked that nearly half of the parents were still referring to unofficial sources of assistance.