ABSTRACT
The present study assessed the ability of Trichoderma to combat F. sporotrichioides, focusing on their antagonistic properties. Tests showed that Trichoderma effectively inhibited F. sporotrichioides mycelial growth, particularly with T. atroviride strains. In co-cultures on rice grains, Trichoderma almost completely reduced the biosynthesis of T-2 and HT-2 toxins by Fusarium. T-2 toxin-α-glucoside (T-2-3α-G), HT-2 toxin-α-glucoside (HT-2-3α-G), and HT-2 toxin-ß-glucoside (HT-2-3ß-G) were observed in the common culture medium, while these substances were not present in the control medium. The study also revealed unique metabolites and varying metabolomic profiles in joint cultures of Trichoderma and Fusarium, suggesting complex interactions. This research offers insights into the processes of biocontrol by Trichoderma, highlighting its potential as a sustainable solution for managing cereal plant pathogens and ensuring food safety.
Subject(s)
Fusarium , T-2 Toxin , T-2 Toxin/analogs & derivatives , Trichoderma , T-2 Toxin/metabolism , Fusarium/metabolism , Trichoderma/metabolism , Glycosylation , Edible Grain/metabolism , Glucosides/metabolismABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare the species composition of gastrointestinal parasites in wild boar feeding in the city of Szczecin with those in its suburban area, as well as to determine the prevalence and intensity of this parasite infection. The intestines and stomachs of 57 wild boars were supplied by a municipal hunter from the city of Szczecin. Both analysed groups of animals were infected with the following parasites: Eimeria debliecki, E. suis, E. polita, E. scabra, Isospora suis, Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum dentatum. Wild boar from the city were characterised as having a significantly higher prevalence of total Eimeria (p = 0.04) and a lower prevalence of noted species of nematodes (p = 0.15) compared to those from the suburban area. Since the wild boars were mainly infected with Eimeria, it should be assumed that they may pose a real health threat to farm pigs and other farm animals for which Eimeria is a pathogenic parasite. The occurrence of coccidiosis leads to serious health problems and economic losses for breeders. Although the prevalence of A. suum was low, it should be taken into account that this nematode is able to both infect and complete their life cycle in humans.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to determine the species composition of the intestinal parasite fauna of foxes from the Pomerania region, with a particular emphasis on helminth species considered dangerous to humans, and to determine their prevalence and intensity of infection. In total, 165 digestive systems from foxes inhabiting the Pomeranian region were examined. The prevalence of intestinal parasites among the studied foxes was 61.8%. Our findings confirm that foxes in Pomerania carry various parasites, some of which pose a direct threat to human health. As such, constant monitoring of their infestation is essential. Particular attention should be paid to parasite species with potential for transmission to humans, such as Echinococcus multilocularis, Alaria alata and Toxocara canis, whose respective prevalence was found to be 10.9%, 17.6% and 28.5%.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed at answering the question whether production of new colour variants of American mink in mink farms using mutations may entail changes in skull morphology and relationships between the bone elements building it. Analyses were made on the skulls of 56 eight-month-old males and females of two American mink colour variants (standard Brown and mutant Sapphire) from the same farm. Mean values, standard deviations and coefficients of variation were determined for carcass weight, cranial and mandibular weights and 7 dorsal surface, 8 lateral surface and 11 basal surface traits of the skull. The values of 24 cranial and mandibular indices and the values of sexual size dimorphism (SSD), i.e. a coefficient describing differences between sexes, were calculated. It was demonstrated that mutant colour variants of American mink may be a significant source of variation (P0.05 and P0.01) for some traits of skull morphology and relationships between respective bone elements of viscerocranium and neurocranium.
El objetivo de este estudio fue responder a la pregunta de si la producción de nuevas variedades de color del visón americano en granjas mediante mutaciones puede causar cambios en la morfología del esqueleto de la cabeza y en las relaciones mutuas de los elementos óseos que lo construyen. Los estudios se realizaron en 56 machos y hembras de ocho meses de dos variedades de color del visón americano (bronce estándar y zafiro por mutación) derivados de la misma granja. Se determinaron valores medios, DE y coeficiente de variación para peso corporal, del cráneo y la mandíbula, además de 7 rasgos de la superficie del dorso, 8 de la superficie lateral y 11 características de la base del cráneo. Fueron calculados los valores de 24 índices craneales y mandibulares, junto al valor de la magnitud del dimorfismo sexual, i.e. un coeficiente de las diferencias entre los sexos. Se demostró que las variedades mutantes de color del visón pueden ser fuente significativa (p0,05 y p0,01) de variación para algunas características morfológicas del esqueleto de la cabeza y relaciones entre elementos óseos del víscero y neurocráneo.