ABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is strongly associated with obesity. The adipose tissue secretes bioactive adipokines leading to low grade inflammation, amplified by oxidative stress, which promotes the formation of advanced glycation end products and eventually leads to dyslipidemia and vascular complications. The aim of this study was to correlate anthropometric, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in newly diagnosed (ND) T2DM patients and to investigate the role of oxidative stress in T2DM associated with obesity. A group of 115 ND- T2DM patients was compared to a group of 32 healthy subjects in terms of clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters. ND-T2DM patients had significantly lower adiponectin, glutathione (GSH) and gluthatione peroxidase (GPx) and elevated insulin, proinsulin, HOMA-IR index, proinsulin/insulin (P/I) and proinsulin/adiponectin (P/A) ratio, fructosamine, and total oxidant status (TOS). The total body fat mass was positively correlated with total oxidant status (TOS). Positive correlations were found between TOS and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and between TOS and glycaemia. Negative correlations were identified between: GPx and glycaemia, GPx and HbA1c, and also between GSH and fructosamine. The total antioxidant status was negatively correlated with the respiratory burst. The identified correlations suggest the existence of a complex interplay between diabetes, obesity and oxidative stress.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Obesity/blood , Oxidative Stress , Adiponectin/blood , Adiposity , Adult , Antioxidants/metabolism , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology , Female , Fructosamine/blood , Glutathione/blood , Glutathione Peroxidase/blood , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Humans , Insulin/blood , Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/pathology , Respiratory Burst , RomaniaABSTRACT
Presented at the end of the end of the XVIII(th) century by the German doctor Samuel Hahnemann as a form of complementary therapy, homeopathy has increasingly produced multiple controversies regarding the plausibility, effectiveness and safety of homeopathic remedies. Regardless, there are clients who require pharmacist's advice about their usage indications and effectiveness. As specialists in the field of medication, pharmacists must have basic notions about the principles on which homeopathic remedies have been based, given that it is the opposite of modern pharmacological theories. These describe in great detail the underlying mechanisms of action of the drug. Under these conditions, the ethical role of the pharmacist is to give accurate, impartial information regarding the homeopathic therapy, the current scientific proof on their therapeutic effects, including the placebo effect. This, doubled by a comprehensive, objective presentation of the options of medication-based treatment, guarantee pharmacists a clean reputation as competent authorities in the pharmaceutical field.
ABSTRACT
THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF FLAVONOIDS FROM ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA USING TWO DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES OF ANALYSIS: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and TLC coupled with photo-densitometry. The results obtained by chromatographic analysis showed a higher concentration of flavonoids in flowers than in leaves. The flowers harvested in the plains have a higher concentration of hyperoside (0.9 mg/mL) compared with the flowers collected from the hills (0.54 mg/mL). The leaves are richer in ruthoside (0.98 mg/mL) compared with the flowers.