ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is an anti-inflammatory drug with an unclear role in the treatment of patients with lupus nephritis (LN). This systematic review evaluates the evidence for IVIg in the care of patients with LN. METHODOLOGY: A systematic search was done in the PubMed, EMBASE, BVS and OVID databases - All EBM Reviews following the PRISMA methodology (registration in PROSPERO CRD42021236662). The variables were extracted: indications for use, dosage, partial or complete response, adverse reactions, initiation of renal replacement therapy, reduction of proteinuria, and mortality. The quality assessment was done with the "The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tools for use in Systematic Reviews Checklist". In addition, synthesis reports were prepared through the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis - SWiM guide. RESULTS: A total of 2328 articles were obtained (28 were considered for inclusion). When the studies were evaluated, IVIg therapy was found to be between 60% to 70% effective (except for patients with class V LN) with overall responses (complete + partial) even for patients who are refractory to first line treatment. Normalization (<0.5 g) of nephrotic proteinuria occurred in 24% of cases with infrequent adverse events and a mortality plus dialysis composite of 11.5% and 24.1% (most representative study). CONCLUSION: In patients with LN refractory to conventional treatment or co-infection situations, the reported data seem to demonstrate effectiveness of IVIg therapy. There are few adverse reactions and caution is exercised when using it on patients with class V NL. However, given the lack of controlled studies with long-term follow-up, these data should be interpreted cautiously thus encouraging the development of high-quality RCTs.
Subject(s)
Lupus Nephritis , Humans , Lupus Nephritis/drug therapy , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/adverse effects , Proteinuria/etiology , Proteinuria/drug therapy , Remission Induction , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It is not clear whether patients with some degree of immunosuppression have worse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to healthy people. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a narrative review of the information available on infection by SARS-CoV-2 in immunosuppressed patients, especially patients with cancer, transplanted, neurological diseases, primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. RESULTS: Patients with cancer and recent cancer treatment (chemotherapy or surgery) and SARS-CoV-2 infection have a higher risk of worse outcomes. In transplant patients (renal, cardiac and hepatic), with neurological pathologies (multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMODS), myasthenia gravis (MG)), primary immunodeficiencies and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in association with immunosuppressants, studies have shown no tendency for worse outcomes. CONCLUSION: Given the little evidence we have so far, the behaviour of SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunosuppressed patients is unclear, but current studies have not shown worse outcomes, except for patients with cancer.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/immunology , Immunocompromised Host , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , Global Health , Humans , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Prognosis , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It is not clear whether patients with some degree of immunosuppression have worse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to healthy people. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a narrative review of the information available on infection by SARS-CoV-2 in immunosuppressed patients, especially patients with cancer, transplanted, neurological diseases, primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. RESULTS: Patients with cancer and recent cancer treatment (chemotherapy or surgery) and SARS-CoV-2 infection have a higher risk of worse outcomes. In transplant patients (renal, cardiac and hepatic), with neurological pathologies (multiple sclerosis [MS], neuromyelitis optica [NMODS], myasthenia gravis [MG]), primary immunodeficiencies and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in association with immunosuppressants, studies have shown no tendency for worse outcomes. CONCLUSION: Given the little evidence we have so far, the behaviour of SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunosuppressed patients is unclear, but current studies have not shown worse outcomes, except for patients with cancer.
ABSTRACT
La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa de gran prevalencia en países en vía de desarrollo como el nuestro. Aunque el compromiso pulmonar es el más frecuente y de impacto en la salud pública, existen varias formas extrapulmonares con diversas presentaciones clínicas y de difícil diagnóstico, recalcando la importancia de sospechar estas patologías para intervenciones oportunas y que impacten en la morbimortalidad. En este artículo se presentan cuatro casos clínicos donde se sospechó tuberculosis extrapulmonar (pericárdica, peritoneal, pleural y meníngea) en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá, describiendo la forma en que se realizó o se descartó la tuberculosis extrapulmonar y haciendo una breve descripción del rendimiento de diferentes pruebas diagnósticas.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease with high-prevalence in developing countries as ours. Although pulmonary involvement is most common and is associated with greater impact on public health, there are various forms of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) exhibiting various often difficult to diagnose clinical presentations, highlighting the importance of suspecting these pathologies in order to conduct timely interventions that impact their morbidity and mortality rates. This article presents four clinical cases at San José Hospital in Bogotá where EPTB disease was suspected (pericardium, peritoneum, pleura and meninges), describing the way EPTB disease was diagnosed or ruled out and briefly defining the diagnostic performance of various tests.