Mechanism of non-small cell lung cancer cell-derived exosome miR-196b-5p promoting pyroptosis of tumor T cells and tumor cell proliferation by downregulating ING5.

In the world, lung cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers and has become the leading cause of death of cancers in China, among which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for a relatively high proportion, but there is a lack of effective treatment at present. An animal model of NSCLC was established, and BEAS-2b, H1299, Lewis, and T cells were used for subsequent experimental verification. The level of miR-196b-5p was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Growth inhibitor 5 (ING5), CD9, CD63, HSP70, Caspase-1, NLRP3, and GSDMD-NT were detected by western blot. The level of ING5 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, the location of miR-196b-5p was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), cell viability was investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8 kit, and interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-18 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. In addition, the binding site was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments. Tumor volume was measured. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis. Flow cytometry was used to measure the levels of CD8 T, CD4 T, and Treg cells in tumors. miR-196-5p was highly expressed in exosomes secreted by tumor cells. miR-196-5p negatively targeted ING5 to promote the growth of tumor cells. Cancer-derived exosomes promote pyroptosis of T cells to further aggravate the development of cancer. Exosome-derived miR-196b-5p promoted pyroptosis of T cells. Exosome-derived miR-196b-5p inhibited the level of ING5 to promote tumor growth and accelerate the process of NSCLC.

Optical ultrasound sensors for photoacoustic imaging: a review.

Significance: Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging biomedical imaging modality that can map optical absorption contrast in biological tissues by detecting ultrasound signal. Piezoelectric transducers are commonly used in PA imaging to detect the ultrasound signals. However, piezoelectric transducers suffer from low sensitivity when the dimensions are reduced and are easily influenced by electromagnetic interference. To avoid these limitations, various optical ultrasound sensors have been developed and shown their great potential in PA imaging. Aim: Our study aims to summarize recent progress in optical ultrasound sensor technologies and their applications in PA imaging. Approach: The commonly used optical ultrasound sensing techniques and their applications in PA systems are reviewed. The technical advances of different optical ultrasound sensors are summarized. Results: Optical ultrasound sensors can provide wide bandwidth and improved sensitivity with miniatured size, which enables their applications in PA imaging. Conclusions: The optical ultrasound sensors are promising transducers in PA imaging to provide higher-resolution images and can be used in new applications with their unique advantages.