Anisakiasis in Palatine Tonsil.

ABSTRACT: Anisakiasis is a parasitic infection caused by ingesting raw or undercooked fish and seafood infected with Anisakis larvae. Anisakis genus is mostly found in the mucosal or submucosal layer of the stomach and intestine. However, the reports of anisakiasis in tonsils are highly uncommon. A 54-year-old woman with clinical features of sore throat and foreign-body sensation for 10 days after eating raw and undercooked fish. A wriggling worm was noted beneath the mucosa of the right palatine tonsil upon endoscopic examination. The worm was immediately removed completely and histological examination revealed anisakiasis. Reports of anisakia-sis in the tonsils are scarce, but it should be considered at the initial physical examination of patients who visit the hospital for sore throat after eating raw fish. We report a case of anisakiasis in the palatine tonsils, which to date has been rarely reported in the literature.

The Effects of Taekwondo Training on Brain Connectivity and Body Intelligence.

OBJECTIVE: Many studies have reported that Taekwondo training could improve body perception, control and brain activity, as assessed with an electroencephalogram. This study aimed to assess body intelligence and brain connectivity in children with Taekwondo training as compared to children without Taekwondo training. METHODS: Fifteen children with Taekwondo training (TKD) and 13 age- and sex-matched children who had no previous experience of Taekwondo training (controls) were recruited. Body intelligence, clinical characteristics and brain connectivity in all children were assessed with the Body Intelligence Scale (BIS), self-report, and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: The mean BIS score in the TKD group was higher than that in the control group. The TKD group showed increased low-frequency fluctuations in the right frontal precentral gyrus and the right parietal precuneus, compared to the control group. The TKD group showed positive cerebellum vermis (lobe VII) seed to the right frontal, left frontal, and left parietal lobe. The control group showed positive cerebellum seed to the left frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex. Relative to the control group, the TKD group showed increased functional connectivity from cerebellum seed to the right inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the effect of Taekwondo training on brain connectivity in children. Taekwondo training improved body intelligence and brain connectivity from the cerebellum to the parietal and frontal cortex.