Effectiveness of a case management model for people with multimorbidity: Mixed methods study.

AIMS: The aim was to determine the impact of a case management model on indicators of health service utilization, polypharmacy, quality of life and dependency of patients with multimorbidity, and family caregiver overload in a group of patients insured with two insurance companies in the city of Bogotá (Colombia). DESIGN: This was a mixed methods study, which integrated a quantitative and qualitative component. METHODS: The study was conducted between July 2019 and March 2020. A quantitative component is based on a pre-experimental study with a single group and pre- and post-test measurements. Patients with multimorbidity with a medium or high level of complexity were included in the study. A sample of 317 patients and their caregivers was estimated. Following the completion of the intervention, a descriptive study that explored the perspective of nurses, patients and caregivers was developed to better understand the process and results from their own words and experience. A total of 17 dyads of patients and caregivers were interviewed, as well as six nurse managers. The integration strategy was developed based on a comparison made from the perspective of multiple stakeholders. RESULTS: The model's impact on quality of life, particularly in terms of social functioning and mental health, has been documented. Caregiver overload was reduced and an improvement in the adoption of the role was observed, aspects that converge with the experience of the dyads and the caregivers in the support and backing provided by the model. CONCLUSION: The intervention was structured in five modules: case detection, complexity screening, comprehensive assessment with various instruments, individualized care and follow-up plan, and plan assessment. The nurse manager role is confirmed as that of a professional with the leadership capacity to articulate disciplines and actors, whilst also dealing with the day-to-day needs of people with complex health conditions. IMPACT: A comprehensive and integrated approach to patients with multiple diseases in a health insurance context marked by access barriers and fragmentation of health services. The study provides quantitative and qualitative evidence of the benefits of the case management model in Colombia for patients with multiple diseases and their family caregivers, particularly in terms of the psychosocial dimensions of health-related quality of life and dependence assessment. A significant impact on the caregiver role, as well as an improvement in perception and trust in the health system, was observed as a result of the overcoming of administrative barriers achieved by the nurse case manager. The findings are considered to be extremely useful for decision-makers and insurers in developing a case management model focused on comprehensive and individualized care plans, as well as for individuals with multiple diseases and their caregivers.

Seeking an Adjustment from the Unnatural to the Supernatural: The Experience of Losing a Child from Cancer in Colombia.

AIMS: The death of a child with cancer can be devastating for his or her parents. This study sought to understand the way in which the process of parental grief develops after the death of a child with cancer. METHODS: The research used a grounded theory approach, in which 18 participants were enrolled including parents whose child died from cancer 5 months to 5 years before. In-depth interviews were conducted, which were analyzed using constant comparisons until theoretical saturation was reached. RESULTS: Fifteen subcategories were identified and grouped into three categories that explain what the grieving process represents to the parents over time (a) crossing a desert, (b) dying while alive, and (c) coming back to life. From the emerging relationships among the categories, the core category "seeking adjustment from the unnatural to the supernatural" arises. The results show that grief begins from the moment of diagnosis until long after the child's death. For parents, it entails understanding the disruption in the natural course of life, going through indescribable pain, and being spiritually reconnected with their child. CONCLUSIONS: These results enable nurses to design comprehensive interventions that meet the described needs of these parents.

Effectiveness of a case management model for the comprehensive provision of health services to multi-pathological people.

AIM: To determine the effectiveness of a case management model for approaching multi-pathological people in a health promoting entity of the contributory healthcare scheme in Bogotá, Colombia between 2018 - . DESIGN: Mixed methods research. METHOD: The study contemplates two components: a quantitative component using a quasi-experimental analytical design before and after longitudinal intervention to determine the effectiveness of the case management model and a qualitative descriptive design to understand the experience of the participants about the model. The Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation of Colombia (Colciencias) funded this project by means of call 777-November 2017, under the financing agreement No. 848-December 2017. DISCUSSION: Addressing problems deriving from the structure of the Colombian healthcare system is crucial for implementing case management models. Furthermore, the effectiveness of such models may be affected by power relations and market failures, but the proved potential of a model may represent a generalized benefit for the Colombian health system. IMPACT: In Colombia, considering complications and management of chronic non-communicable diseases as isolated cases is considered as the highest cost events in healthcare provision, since an average of 12.8 million pesos is invested in each patient. This has led to rethink the management in these patients by means of a comprehensive model that guarantees the effectiveness of healthcare delivery, in the framework of a healthcare system heavily affected by payment capacity, where the market has a strong predominance, such as the case of Colombia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: RPCEC00000293.

Nursing Interventions Related to the Need for Oxygenation in Severe COVID-19 Disease in Hospitalized Adults: A Retrospective Study.

COVID-19 affects the respiratory system, reducing the oxygen saturation level, leading to hypoxemia and increasing the metabolic oxygenation need. OBJECTIVE: To describe the nursing interventions related to the need for oxygenation in hospitalized adults with severe COVID-19 disease in the Intensive Care Unit. METHOD: This was an observational, retrospective and descriptive study in a population of 2205 patients with a convenience sample of n = 430 and based on the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) and the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). The analysis was performed with a non-parametric test to determine the association between the nursing interventions and the need for oxygenation. RESULTS: The findings are aimed at improving nursing interventions with statistical associations as follow: oxygen therapy (p < 0.000), airway suctioning (p < 0.000), airway management (p = 0.029), invasive mechanical ventilation (p < 0.000) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (p = 0.022). NOC taxonomy expected outcomes in ventilation, 34% (146), alteration in gas exchange, 33.7% (145), and respiratory status, 558.9% (253), were severely compromised. CONCLUSIONS: The nursing interventions to maintain the respiratory status are focused on airway care and oxygen therapy in order to increase the oxygen saturation level and decrease the severity of the need for oxygenation.

Modified Early Warning Score: Clinical Deterioration of Mexican Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 and Chronic Disease.

The objective was to evaluate the Modified Early Warning Score in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 plus chronic disease. METHODS: Retrospective observational study, 430 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and chronic disease. Instrument, Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS). Data analysis, with Cox and logistic regression, to predict survival and risk. RESULTS: Of 430 patients, 58.6% survived, and 41.4% did not. The risk was: low 53.5%, medium 23.7%, and high 22.8%. The MEWS score was similar between survivors 3.02, p 0.373 (95% CI: -0.225-0.597) and non-survivors 3.20 (95% CI: -0.224-0.597). There is a linear relationship between MEWS and mortality risk R 0.920, ANOVA 0.000, constant 4.713, and coefficient 4.406. The Cox Regression p 0.011, with a risk of deterioration of 0.325, with a positive coefficient, the higher the risk, the higher the mortality, while the invasive mechanical ventilation coefficient was negative -0.757. By providing oxygen and ventilation, mortality is lower. CONCLUSIONS: The predictive value of the modified early warning score in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and chronic disease is not predictive with the MEWS scale. Additional assessment is required to prevent complications, especially when patients are assessed as low-risk.

Rarecare: A policy perspective on the burden of rare diseases on caregivers in Latin America.

In Latin America (LA), 40-50 million people live with rare diseases (RDs) that require constant monitoring, care, and attention. Caregivers help them with their basic life activities and medication administration, which they would otherwise be unable to perform. Family caregivers complement healthcare and social security systems; however, their unpaid work is often underappreciated and under-protected. Recognizing the need to address these unrecognized and undervalued women, the Americas Health Foundation (AHF) convened a panel of LA experts on caregiving for people with RDs to provide recommendations to support the undervalued family caregivers. A panel of LA experts in caregiving for RDs were given questions to address the challenges faced by family caregivers of people with RDs in LA. During a 3-day conference, the panelists' responses were discussed and edited until the panel agreed on recommendations to address the challenges. The identified challenges for caregivers included physical, emotional, and economical areas. Caregivers, primarily women, experienced physical pain, and social isolation, and were forced to pay substantial out-of-pocket expenses in their caregiving roles. Brazil and Colombia are at the forefront of policies to protect caregivers and their experiences in attempting to provide for this group are outlined as case studies for what is possible in LA. Finally, recognizing that caregivers must be included in formulating, executing, and evaluating care policies for people living with RDs and that the caregivers themselves require social assurances, the panel suggested policy objectives aimed at protecting caregivers of people living with RDs. The recommendations ranged from recognizing the role of the family caregiver as an essential supplement to the formal healthcare system to providing financial assistance, training, and workplace protection, among others. Finally, monitoring and evaluating the impact of policies is necessary to ensure that LA is moving forward in caring for family caregivers for people with RDs.

Palliative care and quality of life in patients with cancer during the terminal phase. A family/patient perspective.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the meaning of palliative care as perceived by the family caregiver and the patient with advanced cancer. METHOD: Information was collected through in-depth interviews and field diaries to conduct this qualitative research study, with an interpretative phenomenological approach. We adopted Heidegger's perspective for the development of hermeneutic interpretation, and therefore followed the stages of intentionality, reduction, and constitution. We used Bardin's constructs of pre-analysis, coding, categorisation, and interpretation for the discourse analysis. RESULTS: Seventeen patient-family caregiver dyads were considered. The perceptions of palliative nursing care focused on transpersonal relationships and the discourses referred to a lack of closeness between nursing staff and the patient. This was mainly expressed as a lack of emotional understanding and unmet needs. Themes were drawn from these findings based on developing a transpersonal relationship as a priority, including meeting needs and providing the empathic accompaniment that is fundamental for emotional well-being. CONCLUSION: From the perspective of the dyads, palliative care covers intangible aspects of care. This requires nursing staff to work collaboratively with colleagues, with other health professionals and interprofessionally, including the institutions involved in care. Further work is required to implement these actions.

Fear, Stress, and Knowledge regarding COVID-19 in Nursing Students and Recent Graduates in Mexico.

OBJECTIVES: The study sought to correlate fear, stress, knowledge regarding COVID-19 in Nursing students and recent graduates in Mexico. METHODS: Correlational design, sample comprising 912 nursing students and graduates during the last 18 months from public and private universities of Mexico. To measure the variables, the study applied the instrument Fear of COVID-19 Scale, knowledge subscale of the scale Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19, and the instrument COVID Stress Scale. RESULTS: Relationship was found of the age variable with fear, danger of contamination, traumatic stress, knowledge and minor socioeconomic consequences (p<0.05). Likewise, relationship was observed of fear with stress regarding COVID-19, danger of contamination, socioeconomic consequences, xenophobia, traumatic stress, and compulsive checking (p<0.05). Stress and knowledge explain the presence of fear regarding COVID-19 in 50.3%, and fear and knowledge explain stress regarding COVID-19 in 50.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students and recent graduates have high levels of stress and fear, besides low level of knowledge. The presence of high stress and low knowledge predict fear regarding COVID-19. Interventions are required on knowledge, stress, and fear regarding COVID-19 in the population studied.

PALLIATIVE CARE AND END OF LIFE CARE IN LATIN AMERICA: SCOPING REVIEW

INTRODUCTION: Populational aging and improved treatments for chronic non-communicable diseases extend life expectancy but not always quality of life. By 2060, 48 million people are expected to die of serious illnesses, and 83% of these deaths will occur in developing countries. Only 14% of those who needed palliative care receive it. AIM: To describe the methodological trends, thematic areas, populations studied, and future challenges in Latin American regions with respect to adult palliative care. METHODS: A scoping review of 60 articles from 2010 to 2019 in indexed journals in English, Spanish, and Portuguese was conducted. RESULTS: Most articles were from Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico. Patients, caregivers, healthcare professionals, and students constituted the primary study population. Quality of Life, knowledge, and costs of attention were also assessed. It appears that early palliative care improves the outcomes of patients, caregivers, and health care professionals, however, the disparity in palliative care services between Latin America, US, UK, Canada, and Spain is concerning. CONCLUSIONS: Globally, more palliative care is needed, especially in Latin America. However, there are not enough graduate palliative care programs. Academic palliative care education must be promoted. Communication between the interdisciplinary team, the patient, and the caregiver is critical. While the region's scientific literature output has improved, many knowledge gaps remain. For patients' sake, governments should regulate, create, and facilitate palliative care services.

Sobrecarga del cuidador familiar en Colombia: revisión sistemática exploratoria / Family caregiver's overburden in Colombia: An exploratory systematic review / Sobrecarga do cuidador familiar na Colômbia: revisão sistemática exploratória

Objetivo:describir las tendencias metodológicas, las poblaciones estudiadas y los desafíos futuros reportados en la literatura sobre lasobrecarga delcuidador familiar colombiano.Métodos:revisión sistemática exploratoria en donde se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Lilacs, Cuiden, SciELO, EBSCO y BVS, específicamente artículos originalespublicados del 2016 al 2021. Resultados:en 20 artículos revisados, se encontró una relación directa entre condiciones socioeconómicas y la sobrecarga del cuidador. El contexto cultural y las condiciones socioeconómicas son factores que influyen en la percepción de la sobrecarga del cuidador. Conclusiones:son necesarias las intervenciones de enfermeríadirigidasa los cuidadores familiares para mejorar su percepción de la sobrecarga y consecuentemente la calidad de vida

Objective: To describe methodological trends, populations studied, and future challenges reported in the literature on Colombian family caregivers' overburden. Methods: An exploratory systematic review using PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, Cuiden, SciELO, EBSCO, and VHL databases was conducted, specifically original articles published between 2016 and 2021 were reviewed. Results:In 20 articles reviewed, a direct relationship was found between socioeconomic conditions and caregiver's overburden. Cultural context and socioeconomic conditions are factors that influence the perception of caregiver's overburden. Conclusions:Nursing interventions aimed at family caregivers are needed to improve their perception of overburden and, consequently, their quality of life

Objetivo:Descrever as tendências metodológicas, as populações estudadas e os desafios futuros relatados na literatura desobrecarga do cuidador familiar colombiano. Métodos:Revisão sistemática exploratória na qual foram consultadas as bases de dados PubMed, ScienceDirect, Lilacs, Cuiden, SciELO, EBSCO e BVS, com artigos originais, publicados de 2016 a 2021. Resultados:Em 20 artigos revisados, foi encontrada uma relação direta entre condições socioeconômicas e a sobrecarga do cuidador. O contexto cultural e as condições socioeconômicas são fatores que influenciam na percepção da sobrecarga do cuidador. Conclusões:As intervenções de enfermagem voltadas a cuidadores familiares são necessárias para melhorar sua percepção de sobrecarga e, consequentemente, sua qualidade de vida.

Instrumentos para la medición de sobrecarga del cuidador en pacientes con enfermedad crónica: revisión psicométrica / Instruments for the measurement of informal caregiver burden in patients with chronic disease: Psychometric review

Introducción: Los cuidadores de pacientes con enfermedad crónica experimentan sobrecarga en actividades de cuidado. Existen diferentes instrumentos que miden la sobrecarga, en Latinoamérica se han validado diferentes instrumentos. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad metodológica de las propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos que miden la sobrecarga del cuidador en el contexto latinoamericano. Metodología: Revisión sistemática psicométrica. La búsqueda incluyó la combinación de 3 aspectos: estudios de validación; idioma: español, portugués o inglés, lugar de validación: Latinoamérica. Resultados: Un total de 24 artículos se identificaron e incluían 10 instrumentos. El idioma de los artículos con mayor representación fue el español (n = 15). El país con mayor número de estudios de validación fue Brasil (n = 15). El instrumento con mayor número de validaciones fue la Encuesta de Zarit (n = 11). Conclusión: Los instrumentos identificados cuentan con buena calidad metodológica, sin embargo, se requieren futuros estudios que evalúen las propiedades psicométricas faltantes, en especial la validez de contenido.

Introduction: Caregivers of patients with chronic disease experience overload when carrying out continuous care tasks. In the world there are different instruments that measure this overload, in the Latin American context different instruments have been validated. Objetive: To evaluate the methodological quality of the psychometric properties of the instruments that measure caregiver burden in the Latin American. Methodology: Systematic psychometric review. The search included the combination of 3 aspects: validation studies; language: Spanish, Portuguese or English, and place of validation: Latin American. Results: A total of 24 articles were identified and included 10 instruments. The language of the articles with the highest representation was Spanish (n = 15). The country with the highest number of validation studies was Brazil (n = 15). The instrument with the highest number of validations was the Zarit Survey (n = 11). Conclusion: The identified instruments have methodological quality; however, future research is necessary to evaluate the missing psychometric properties, especially content validity

Validez y confiabilidad del instrumento Adopción del rol de cuidador con uso de medicamentos / Validade e confiabilidade do instrumento Adoção do papel de cuidador com uso de medicamentos / Validity and reliability of the instrument Adoption of the caregiver role under medication use

Objetivo: realizar la validación de constructo, convergente y discriminante del instrumento Adopción del rol del cuidador con uso de medicamentos (ROL-M) y evaluar la consistencia interna de este. Materiales y método: estudio de validación psicométrica realizado entre agosto de 2020 y febrero de 2022, con una muestra de 321 cuidadores familiares. Resultados: escala con 32 ítems originales, que luego del análisis del constructo teórico y de los resultados iniciales condujo a la eliminación de 12 ítems y la realización de un nuevo análisis factorial exploratorio forzado a tres factores con los ítems restantes. Los 20 ítems definitivos fueron ajustados a los factores con adecuadas cargas y son congruentes con el planteamiento teórico del instrumento. Se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0,72, un coeficiente de Pearson de 0,233 con el instrumento rol y uno de -0,147 con el instrumento Zarit, lo que demuestra su validez convergente y divergente, respectivamente. Conclusiones: el instrumento rol-M mide de forma lógica el constructo y los ítems que lo conforman representan adecuadamente sus dominios. Este se proyecta como una herramienta clínica clave para desarrollar actividades educativas con relación a la promoción de la transición del cuidado y la educación farmacológica en el hogar.

Objetivo: realizar a validação do construto, convergente e discriminante, e avaliar a consistência interna do instrumento Adoção do papel do cuidador no uso de medicamentos (ROL-M). Materiais e método: estudo de validação psicométrica realizado entre agosto de 2020 e fevereiro de 2022, com amostra de 321 cuidadores familiares. Resultados: escala com 32 itens originais, que, após a análise do construto teórico e dos resultados iniciais, decidiu-se eliminar 12 itens e realizar uma nova análise fatorial exploratória forçada a três fatores com os itens restantes. Os 20 itens definitivos foram ajustados aos fatores com cargas adequadas e condizentes com a abordagem teórica do instrumento. Obteve-se alfa de Cronbach de 0,72, coeficiente de Pearson de 0,233 com o instrumento rol-M e de -0,147 com o instrumento de Zarit, o que demonstra sua validade convergente e divergente, respectivamente. Conclusão: o instrumento ROL-M mensura logicamente o constructo, e os itens que o compõem representam adequadamente seus domínios. Desenha-se como uma ferramenta clínica-chave para desenvolver atividades educacionais com relação à promoção da transição de cuidados e educação farmacológica no domicílio.

Objective: To conduct the construct, convergent, and discriminant validation of the instrument "Adoption of the role of the caregiver under medication use" (ROL-M) and evaluate its internal consistency. Materials and method: Psychometric validation study conducted between August 2020 and February 2022, with a sample of 321 family caregivers. Results: Scale with 32 original items, which after the analysis of the theoretical construct and initial results was subject to the elimination of 12 items and a new exploratory factor analysis forced to three factors with the 20 remaining items. These items were then adjusted to the factors with adequate loads and are consistent with the theoretical approach of the instrument. A Cronbach's alpha of 0.72 was obtained, while Pearson coefficient was 0.233 with the rol instrument and -0.147 with the Zarit instrument, demonstrating its convergent and divergent validity, respectively. Conclusions: The instrument Role Adoption in Medication Administration ROL-M logically measures the construct and the items that comprise this tool adequately represent its domains. This is projected as a key clinical input to develop educational activities related to the promotion of caregiving transition and pharmacological education at home.

Soledad, ansiedad, depresión y adopción del rol del cuidador de personas con enfermedad crónica en San Gil, Colombia

Introducción: Los cuidadores de personas con enfermedad crónica adoptan un nuevo rol que puede implicar respuestas como ansiedad, depresión y soledad. Objetivo: Describir y correlacionar las variables de adopción del rol del cuidador, depresión, ansiedad y soledad en cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en la provincia de Guanentina, en San Gil, Santander (Colombia), durante el año 2021. Método: Estudio descriptivo, analítico de corte transversal realizado con 112 cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedades crónicas. Se utilizó una ficha de caracterización y los instrumentos: Escala adopción del rol del cuidador ROL, escala de soledad de UCLA (University of California at Los Ángeles) y Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión HADS. Resultados: El perfil de los cuidadores fue predominantemente mujer; de 49 años en promedio; casadas, solteras o en unión libre; grado máximo de escolaridad bachiller; de ocupación hogar y nivel socioeconómico medio bajo y bajo. Se encontraron niveles altos de ansiedad en el 18,3 % de ellas, depresión en el 4,3 % y soledad en el 0,9 %, además, se evidenciaron niveles de adopción del rol del cuidador satisfactorios en el 100 %. Se encontró una correlación débil entre ansiedad, depresión y soledad y una correlación inversa entre estas variables con la adopción del rol del cuidador. De igual manera, se encontró una correlación directa entre la edad del paciente y los meses de diagnóstico con las horas de cuidado al día. Por último, se halló carácter predictivo de la ansiedad y la depresión sobre la adopción del rol, de la ansiedad y la adopción del rol sobre la depresión, y de la soledad y la depresión sobre la ansiedad. Conclusiones: los cuidadores tenían niveles de ansiedad, depresión y soledad normales que, al correlacionarse entre sí y con la adopción del rol del cuidador, validan la idea de que, si se interviene a los cuidadores en su trayectoria con orientaciones sobre su rol en cuanto a las labores, la organización y las respuestas se puede contribuir en la disminución de la ansiedad, depresión y soledad. Discusión: la correlación directa observada entre la soledad, depresión y ansiedad es coherente con lo reportado en estudios previos con cuidadores. Acorde con lo reportado por la literatura el desempeño satisfactorio del rol facilita los desenlaces en los cuidadores, en este caso, la moderación de la ansiedad, depresión y soledad.

Introduction: Caregivers of people with chronic disease adopt a new role that may involve responses such as anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Objective: To describe and correlate the variables of adoption of the role of caregiver, depression, anxiety and loneliness in family caregivers of people with chronic disease in the Guanentina province in San Gil, Santander (Colombia), during the year 2021. Methods: Descriptive study, cross-sectional analysis carried out with 112 family caregivers of people with chronic diseases. A characterization sheet and the ROL, UCLA and HADS instruments were used. Results: the profile of the caregivers was predominantly female and average age of 49 years; married, single or in civil union; maximum degree of high school education; of household occupation and low and low-middle socioeconomic level. High levels of anxiety were found in 18,3% of them, depression in 4,3% and loneliness in 0,9%, in addition, satisfactory levels of adoption of the caregiver role were evidenced in 100%. A weak correlation was found between anxiety, depression and loneliness and an inverse correlation between these variables with the adoption of the caregiver role. Similarly, a direct correlation was found between the patient's age and the months of diagnosis with the hours of care per day. Finally, anxiety and depression were found to be predictive of role adoption, of anxiety and role adoption on depression, and of loneliness and depression on anxiety. Conclusions: the caregivers had normal levels of anxiety, depression and loneliness that, when correlated with each other and with the adoption of the caregiver role, validate the idea that, if caregivers are intervened in their trajectory with guidance on their role in terms of the tasks, the organization and the answers can contribute in the reduction of anxiety, depression and loneliness. Discussion: The direct connection observed between loneliness, depression and anxiety is consistent with what has been reported in previous studies with caregivers. In accordance with what has been reported in the literature, satisfactory performance of the role facilitates the outcomes in caregivers, in this case, the moderation of anxiety, depression and loneliness.

Case management as an opportunity for healthcare: user experiences

Introduction: People with multimorbidity and their caregivers are beginning to be recognized as emerging subjects of health systems. In Colombia there is no differentiated approach to care for this population, as well as its health-disease process. Objective: To understand the experience of people with multimorbidity and their caregivers after receiving a case management intervention. Methods and materials: It is a qualitative study in which 33 participants among people with multimorbidity and their caregivers who received intervention with case managers were interviewed, a comparative analysis and use to tools analytics grounded theory. Results: There are 3 dimensions that are, the actors where nursing becomes relevant as a reliable source of care; the Care Meeting, as a space created within case management to maintain trust and; Results in the health system, where the need to integrate this type of outbreak into the Colombian Health Model is confirmed. Discussion: Complementary qualitative evidence data from the central study with a greater impact on the quality of care through the therapeutic relationship at home. Conclusion: The dyad requires home support for self-management of the disease based on trust, empathy, empowerment and administrative management carried out by case managers.

Introducción: Las personas con multimorbilidad y sus cuidadores empiezan a ser reconocidos como sujetos emergentes en los sistemas de salud. En Colombia no existe un abordaje diferenciado para la atención de esta población, así como de su proceso de salud-enfermedad. Objetivo: Entender las experiencias de personas con multimorbilidad y sus cuidadores tras recibir una intervención de gestión de casos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo en el que se entrevistó a 33 participantes con multimorbilidad y sus cuidadores que recibieron una intervención por parte de gestores de casos; se realizó un análisis comparativo y se utilizaron herramientas analíticas de la teoría fundamentada. Resultados: Existen tres dimensiones: los actores, donde la enfermería cobra relevancia como fuente confiable de cuidado; la reunión de atención o cuidado, como un espacio creado en la gestión de casos para mantener la confianza; y resultados en el sistema de salud, donde se confirma la necesidad de integrar este tipo de avance en el modelo de salud colombiano. Discusión: Los datos cualitativos complementarios del estudio central evidencian un mayor impacto en la calidad del cuidado a través de la relación terapéutica en el hogar. Conclusión: La díada requiere acompañamiento domiciliario para la autogestión de la enfermedad que esté basado en la confianza, la empatía, el empoderamiento y la gestión administrativa llevada a cabo por los gestores de casos.

Introdução: As pessoas com multimorbidade e seus cuidadores estão começando a ser reconhecidos como sujeitos emergentes dos sistemas de saúde. Na Colômbia, não há uma abordagem diferenciada para o atendimento dessa população, bem como para seu processo saúde-doença. Objetivo: Compreender a experiência de pessoas com multimorbidade e seus cuidadores após receberem uma intervenção de gerenciamento de casos. Métodos e materiais: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo no qual foram entrevistados 33 participantes entre pessoas com multimorbidade e seus cuidadores que receberam intervenção com gerentes de caso, uma análise comparativa e o uso de ferramentas analíticas da teoria fundamentada. Resultados: Existem três dimensões que são: os atores onde a enfermagem se torna relevante como uma fonte confiável de cuidados; a Reunião de Cuidados, como um espaço criado dentro do gerenciamento de casos para manter a confiança e; Resultados no sistema de saúde, onde a necessidade de integrar esse tipo de surto no modelo de saúde colombiano é confirmada. Discussão: Dados complementares de evidências qualitativas do estudo central com maior impacto na qualidade do atendimento por meio da relação terapêutica no domicílio. Conclusão: A díade requer apoio domiciliar para o autogerenciamento da doença com base na confiança, empatia, empoderamento e gerenciamento administrativo realizado pelos gerentes de caso.

Relationship between Burden and Perceived Social Support in Low-income Caregivers Authors / Relación entre la sobrecarga y el apoyo social percibido en cuidadores de bajos ingresos económicos / Relação entre sobrecarga e apoio social percebido em cuidadores de baixa renda

Objectives: To describe and correlate burden and social support in low-income caregivers of chronic patients. Material and methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 170 low-income family caregivers of people with chronic diseases who answered a survey on sociodemographic and care variables, in addition to the Zarit scale to measure burden and the MOS questionnaire on perceived social support. The analysis was performed using descriptive and differential statistics. Results: Most caregivers were female, and the predominant kinship was father-son. A significant and negative correlation (rs = -.307, p < 0.001) was identified between the caregivers' burden and perceived social support, as well as a significant and positive correlation (rs = 0.278, p < 0.01) between the time devoted to care and the caregivers' burden. Conclusions: Low-income family caregivers require more social support to reduce the burden levels.

Objetivos: describir y correlacionar la sobrecarga y el apoyo social de cuidadores de pacientes crónicos con bajos ingresos económicos. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado a 170 cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica de bajos ingresos económicos a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta sobre variables sociodemográficas y de cuidado, además de la escala Zarit para medir la sobrecarga y el cuestionario MOS sobre apoyo social percibido. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y diferencial. Resultados: la mayoría de los cuidadores fueron mujeres y el vínculo filial predominante fue de padre e hijo. Se identificó una correlación significativa y negativa (rs = -0,307, p < 0,001) entre la sobrecarga del cuidador y el apoyo social percibido, como también una correlación significativa y positiva (rs = 0,278, p < 0,001) entre el tiempo dedicado al cuidado y la carga del cuidador. Conclusiones: los cuidadores familiares de bajos ingresos económicos requieren mayor apoyo social para disminuir los niveles de sobrecarga.

Objetivos: Descrever e correlacionar a sobrecarga e o suporte social de cuidadores de baixa renda de pacientes crônicos. Material e métodos: Estudo descritivo e transversal, realizado com 170 cuidadores familiares de baixa renda de pessoas com doenças crônicas, que responderam a um questionário sobre variáveis sociodemográficas e assistenciais, além da escala de Zarit para medir a sobrecarga e do questionário MOS sobre suporte social percebido. A análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva e diferencial. Resultados: A maioria dos cuidadores era do sexo feminino e o vínculo filial predominante era entre pai e filho. Foi identificada uma correlação significativa e negativa (rs = -0,307, p < 0,001) entre a sobrecarga do cuidador e o suporte social percebido, assim como uma correlação significativa e positiva (rs = 0,278, p < 0,001) entre o tempo dedicado ao cuidado e a carga do cuidador. Conclusões: Os cuidadores familiares de baixa renda necessitam de maior suporte social para reduzir os níveis de sobrecarga.

Lecciones aprendidas en Apropiación Social del Conocimiento en cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica / Lessons learned in Social Knowledge Appropriation in family caregivers of people with chronic diseases

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica se ven enfrentados a cambios de orden individual, familiar y social, lo que afecta su calidad de vida y son expuestos a prácticas saludables y no saludables. OBJETIVO: Transferir el conocimiento generado en la línea de adopción de rol del cuidador de la persona con enfermedad crónica. METODOLOGÍA: Estrategia de Apropiación Social del Conocimiento (ASC) con enfoque de investigación participativa basada en la comunidad. Se contemplaron las siguientes fases: revisión y actualización de literatura científica, identificación de actores, diagnóstico situacional; planeación y desarrollo de la estrategia, y seguimiento. En Bogotá y Cajicá (Colombia), con cuidadores familiares de personas con condiciones crónicas. RESULTADOS: Se confirma la necesidad de dinamizar las redes a través de estrategias de ASC. Se realizaron grupos focales en donde se priorizaron 21 temáticas que fueron abordadas conjuntamente entre los cuidadores y los Jóvenes Talento. Aplicación del pre y postest del instrumento Rol en donde se evidenció un aumento en la adopción del rol. CONCLUSIONES: Se evidenció una constante retroalimentación bidireccional entre los Jóvenes Talento y los cuidadores participantes; contribuyendo a la generación de conocimiento teniendo como fundamentos la evidencia científica.

INTRODUCTION: Family caregivers of people with chronic diseases are faced with individual, family, and social changes that affect their quality of life and are exposed to healthy and unhealthy practices. OBJECTIVE. Transfer the knowledge gained in the process of adopting the role of the chronic illness patient's caregiver. METHODS: Social Knowledge Appropriation (SKA) strategy incorporating a community-based participatory research methodology. Consideration was given to the following phases: review and update of scientific literature, identification of actors, situational analysis, planning and development of the strategy, and follow-up. In Bogotá and Cajicá, with family caregivers of chronically ill patients. RESULTS confirm the need to energize networks with SKA strategies. Twenty-one topics were prioritized and discussed by caregivers and young talent in focus groups. Application of the pre- and post-test of the role instrument, which revealed an increase in role adoption. CONCLUSIONS: A constant bidirectional feedback was observed between the young talents and the participating caregivers, which contributed to the generation of scientifically based knowledge.

Adopting the Role of Caregiver of Chronic Patients: Specific Situation Theory / Adopción del rol del cuidador del paciente crónico: teoría de situación específica / Adoção do papel do cuidador do paciente crônico: teoria de situação específica

Abstract Objective: To present the proposal for a specific situation theory on adopting the role of caregiver of chronic patients. Materials and methods: Based on Meleis and Im's integrating strategy, multiple information sources were employed to develop this theory. Results: This prescriptive theory derives from Meleis' mid-range theory based on an exhaustive literature review and the authors' practical and research experience. The information was integrated into core concepts such as caregiver's transition, caregiver role insufficiency, nature and conditions of the transition, nursing transitional care for the caregiver, and healthy transition. Assertions were also derived, such as the adoption of the caregiver role influencing the response patterns or the result indicators related to the caregiver's quality of life and perception of burden. Finally, a theoretical process and an empirical indicator called ROLE are described. Conclusions: This theoretical development recognizes the process faced by caregivers in adopting their role in the care of chronic patients and guides possible nursing interventions to favor a healthy transition.

Resumen Objetivo: dar a conocer una propuesta de teoría de situación específica sobre la adopción del rol del cuidador del paciente crónico. Materiales y métodos: basados en la estrategia integradora de Meleis e Im, se emplearon múltiples fuentes de información para el desarrollo de esta teoría. Resultados: esta teoría de carácter prescriptivo se deriva de la teoría de rango medio de las transiciones de Meleis, a partir de una exhaustiva revisión de literatura y de la experiencia práctica e investigativa de las autoras. Se integró la información en conceptos centrales como: transición del cuidador, insuficiencia del rol de cuidador, naturaleza de la transición, condiciones de transición, cuidado transicional de enfermería al cuidador y transición saludable; se derivaron afirmaciones como que la adopción del rol de cuidador influencia los patrones de respuesta o indicadores de resultado relacionados con la calidad de vida y la percepción de sobrecarga del cuidador; se describe un proceso teórico y un indicador empírico denominado ROL. Conclusiones: este desarrollo teórico permite reconocer el proceso que el cuidador enfrenta para adoptar su rol en el cuidado al paciente crónico y orientar posibles intervenciones de enfermería para favorecer una transición saludable.

Resumo Objetivo: apresentar uma proposta de teoria de uma situação específica sobre a adoção do papel de cuidador do paciente crônico. Materiais e métodos: com base na estratégia integrativa de Meleis e Im, foram utilizadas múltiplas fontes de informação para o desenvolvimento desta teoria. Resultados: esta teoria prescritiva deriva da teoria de médio alcance das transições de Meleis, a partir de uma exaustiva revisão da literatura e da experiência prática e de pesquisa dos autores. As informações foram integradas em conceitos centrais como: transição do cuidador, insuficiência do papel do cuidador, natureza da transição, condições de transição, cuidados de transição de enfermagem para o cuidador e transição saudável; com afirmações que indicam que a adoção do papel de cuidador influencia os padrões de resposta ou indicadores de resultados relacionados à qualidade de vida e à percepção de sobrecarga do cuidador; apresenta-se a descrição de um processo teórico e um indicador empírico denominado ROL. Conclusões: este desenvolvimento teórico permite reconhecer o processo que o cuidador enfrenta para adotar seu papel no cuidado ao paciente crônico e orientar possíveis intervenções de enfermagem para favorecer uma transição saudável.

Temor, estrés, conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas ante la COVID-19 en cuidadores familiares de pacientes crónicos / Fear, stress, knowledge, attitudes and practices in the face of COVID-19 in family caregivers of chronic patients / Temor, estresse, conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas perante a COVID-19 em cuidadores familiares de pacientes crónicos

Resumen La pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto sobredimensionado en Colombia en términos de incidencia y mortalidad. Cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica asumen el cuidado a largo plazo en el entorno domiciliario en medio del colapso hospitalario. Objetivo: describir, correlacionar e identificar variables predictoras de los conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas, estrés y temor ante la COVID-19 en cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica. Metodología: se realizó un estudio trasversal predictivo con 104 cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en Bogotá, Colombia. En el que los instrumentos de caracterización, temor, estrés, conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas ante el COVID-19 fueron aplicados en línea en el segundo semestre de 2020. Resultados: se observó una media de 23.07 (DE=7.2) en temor, 93.18 (DE=31.6) en estrés, 10.1 (DE=1.9) en conocimientos, 1.34 (DE=0.8) en actitudes y 1.89 (DE=0.3), lo que muestra que, aunque los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas tienen niveles altos, se observan altos niveles de estrés y temor ante el COVID-19. Hay una relación directa entre el temor y estrés ante el COVID-19, con peores puntajes en mujeres y personas con bajo nivel de conocimiento. Conclusión: se requiere capacitación y apoyo sostenido a los cuidadores familiares, quienes, en medio del temor y estrés ante el COVID-19, continúan sosteniendo el cuidado a largo plazo de enfermos crónicos en el entorno domiciliario.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has had an disproportioned impact in Colombia in terms of incidence and mortality. Family caregivers of people with chronic illness take on long-term care in the home setting amid hospital collapse. Objective: To describe, correlate and identify predictor variables of knowledge, attitudes, practices, stress and fear of COVID-19 in family caregivers of people with chronic disease. Methodology: A predictive crosssectional study was conducted with 104 family caregivers of people with chronic disease in Bogotá-Colombia. The instruments of characterization, fear, stress, knowledge, attitudes and practices before COVID-19 were applied online in the second semester of 2020. Results: A mean of 23.07 (SD = 7.2) was observed in fear, 93.18 (SD = 31.6) in stress, 10.1 (SD = 1.9) in knowledge, 1.34 (SD=0.8) in attitudes and 1.89 (SD=0.3) in practices, which shows that, although knowledge, attitudes and practices have high levels, there is a high level of stress and fear of COVID-19. There is a direct relationship between fear and stress in the face of COVID-19, with worse scores in women and people with a low level of knowledge. Conclusion: Training and sustained support is required for family caregivers, who amidst the fear and stress of COVID-19 continue to support the long-term care of chronic patients in the home environment.

Resumo A pandemia pelo COVID-19 tem tido um impacto sobre dimensionado na Colômbia em termos de incidência e mortalidade. Cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença crónica assumem o cuidado a longo prazo no entorno domiciliário em meio do colapso hospitalário. Objetivo: descrever, correlacionar e identificar variáveis preditoras dos conhecimentos, atitudes, práticas, estresse e temor perante a COVID-19 em cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença crónica. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo transversal preditivo com 104 cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença crónica em Bogotá, Colômbia. No que os instrumentos de caracterização, temor, estresse, conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas perante a COVID-19 foram aplicados online no segundo semestre de 2020. Resultados: Observou-se uma média de 23.07 (DE=7.2) em temor, 93.18 (DE=31.6) em estresse, 10.1 (DE=1.9) em conhecimentos, 1.34 (DE=0.8) em atitudes e 1.89 (DE=0.3), o que amostra que, porém os conhecimentos, atitudes práticas têm níveis altos, observam-se altos níveis de estresse e temor perante o COVID-19. Há uma relação direta entre o temor e estresse perante a COVID-19, com piores pontuações em mulheres e pessoas com baixo nível de conhecimento. Conclusão: Requer-se capacitação e apoio sustentado aos cuidadores familiares, quem, em meio do temor e estresse perante a COVID-19, continuam sustentando o cuidado a longo prazo de doentes crónicos no entorno domiciliário.

Plan de negocio de intervenciones de enfermería: Programa "Cuidando a los Cuidadores" / A business plan for nursing interventions: "Caring for Caregivers" program

Introducción: En Colombia el 65,51% de las atenciones prestadas fueron por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Estas generan algún grado de discapacidad y dependencia, requiriendo un cuidador. Objetivo: Establecer una propuesta de plan de negocio para el programa "Cuidando a los cuidadores", orientada al análisis de costos, económico y financiero. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de evaluación económica de un programa de enfermería, con análisis de costos el cual se llevó a cabo en 4 pasos: 1) Caracterizar la estructura de costos del programa, 2) Elaborar las proyecciones, 3) Establecer el valor comercial de los niveles del programa, y 4) Evaluar mediante indicadores financieros la información obtenida en los pasos anteriores, para determinar la viabilidad económica del programa. Resultados: Se estima un costo anual de $6,9115 pronosticando a 5 años un costo anual de $8,732 en el nivel básico y de $7,131 en el nivel de seguimiento del programa. Los recursos para la implementación del programa son de $6,101, presentando un incremento patrimonial de $12,177 entre 2019 y 2023. Finalmente, la tasa interna de retorno-TIR es de 326,19%, lo que indica que por cada $1 invertido, retornarán $326, concluyendo que el programa financieramente es rentable. Discusión: Se realizó el análisis únicamente del programa "Cuidando a Cuidadores®", debido a que no existen en Colombia programas con características similares. Conclusión: "Cuidando a los cuidadores", es un programa con un potencial de crecimiento en Colombia, debido al beneficio social que ofrece, y a la escaza competencia que presenta. La evaluación financiera demostró que es rentable.

Introduction: In Colombia, 65.51% of the care provided was for chronic non-communicable diseases. These generate some degree of disability and dependency, requiring a caregiver. Objective: Establish a business plan proposal for the "Caring for caregivers" program, oriented to cost, economic and financial analysis. Materials and Methods: conomic evaluation study with a cost analysis of a nursing program in which four steps were followed for data analysis: 1) Describe the cost structure of the program, 2) make projections, 3) determine the commercial value of levels offered by the program, and 4) evaluate the information obtained in the previous steps using financial indicators to determine if the proposal makes the program economically viable. Results: An average annual cost of $ 6.9115 is estimated, forecasting a 5-year average annual cost of $ 8732 at the basic level and $ 7131 at the program monitoring level. The resources for the implementation of the program are $ 6.101, presenting an equity increase of $ 12.177 between 2019 and 2023. Finally, the internal rate of return - IRR is 326.19%, this means that for every $ 1 invested in the program, they will return $ 326 concluding that the program from this financial point of view is profitable. Discussion: Only the "Caring for Caregivers" program was analyzed, because there are no programs with similar characteristics in Colombia. Conclusions: "Caring for caregivers®" is a program with growth potential in Colombia, due to the social benefit it offers, and the scarce competition it presents. The financial assessment showed that it is cost-effective.

Introdução: Na Colômbia, 65,51% dos atendimentos foram por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Estas geram algum grau de deficiência e dependência, requerendo um cuidador. Objetivo: Estabelecer uma proposta de plano de negócio para o programa "Cuidando dos cuidadores", orientada à análise de custos, econômico e financeiro. Materiais e métodos: Estudo de avaliação econômica com análise de custos de um curso de enfermagem em que foram realizadas quatro etapas para análise de dados: 1) Caracterizar a estrutura de custos do curso, 2) Elaborar projeções, 3) Estabelecer o valor comercial dos níveis oferecidos pelo programa, e 4) Avaliar por meio de indicadores financeiros as informações obtidas nas etapas anteriores, para determinar se a proposta torna o programa economicamente viável. Resultados: Estima-se um custo médio anual de $ 6,9115, prevendo um custo médio anual de 5 anos de $ 8.732 no nível básico e $ 7.131 no nível de acompanhamento do programa. Os recursos necessários para a implementação do programa são de $ 6.101, apresentando um aumento de ativos de $ 12.177 entre 2019 e 2023. Por fim, a taxa interna de retorno - TIR é de 326,19%, isso significa que para cada $ 1 investido no programa, eles serão retornar $326, concluindo que o programa é lucrativo deste ponto de vista financeiro. Discussão: Foi realizada a análise unicamente do programa "Cuidando a Cuidadores®", devido a que não existem na Colômbia programas com características similares. Conclusão: "Cuidar de cuidadores®" é um programa com potencial de crescimento na Colômbia, pelo benefício social que oferece e pela falta de concorrência que apresenta. As despesas operacionais versus as receitas que gera mostraram que é financeiramente rentável.

Validez de la escala de soledad UCLA en cuidadores de pacientes crónicos en Colombia / Validity of UCLA Loneliness Scale in Caregivers of Chronically Ill Patients in Colombia / Validade da escala de solidão UCLA em cuidadores de pacientes crônicos na Colômbia

Introducción: la soledad en cuidadores familiares se presenta como una experiencia frecuente debido a las demandas que implica el cuidado de una persona con enfermedad crónica. Objetivo: determinar la validez facial y de contenido de la UCLA en cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica. Método: estudio psicométrico de validación facial y de contenido de la escala UCLA. Para la validación del contenido participaron expertos en el área y los ítems se valoraron en términos de claridad, redundancia y relevancia. El índice Lawshe modificado por Tristán fue el estadístico usado para su análisis. Para la validación facial participaron cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica a quienes se les realizó una entrevista cognitiva y se analizaron las áreas de comprensión, recuperación, juicio, adecuación de opciones de respuesta y contenido de la pregunta. Resultados: validez de contenido: 9 de 18 ítems de la escala UCLA presentaron IVC ajustado superior a 0,8. El ítem 8 presentó IVC ajustado de 0,66, lo que requirió análisis y ajuste semántico por parte del comité de validación. Con respecto a la validez facial, a partir del proceso de entrevista cognitiva se evidenció que para todos los ítems el 86 % o más de los participantes reportaron una adecuada comprensión, recuperación, juicio y adecuación de los ítems. Luego del análisis cualitativo de las respuestas, el ítem 7 requirió ajuste semántico. Conclusiones: la escala UCLA cuenta con la validez de contenido y facial aceptable para su uso en cuidadores de personas con enfermedad crónica en Colombia. Se propone una versión del instrumento ajustada semánticamente.

Introduction: loneliness in family caregivers is a frequent experience due to the demands of caring for a chronically ill person. Objective: to determine the face and content validity of the UCLA in family caregivers of people with chronic disease. Method: psychometric study of face and content validation of the UCLA scale. Experts in the field participated in the content validation and the items were assessed in terms of clarity, redundancy and relevance. The Lawshe index modified by Tristan was the statistic used for analysis. For face validation, family caregivers of people with chronic disease participated in a cognitive interview and the areas of comprehension, retrieval, judgment, adequacy of response options and question content were analyzed. Results: content validity: 9 of 18 items of the UCLA scale presented adjusted CVI higher than 0.8. Item 8 presented an adjusted CVI of 0.66, which required analysis and semantic adjustment by the validation committee. Regarding face validity, from the cognitive interview process it was evidenced that for all items 86% or more of the participants reported adequate comprehension, retrieval, judgment and appropriateness of the items. After qualitative analysis of the responses, item 7 required semantic adjustment. Conclusions: the UCLA scale has acceptable content and face validity for its use in caregivers of people with chronic disease in Colombia. A semantically adjusted version of the instrument is proposed.

Introdução: a solidão em cuidadores familiares apresenta-se como uma experiência frequente devido às demandas envolvidas no cuidado de uma pessoa com doença crônica. Objetivo: determinar a validade facial e conteúdo da UCLA em cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença crônica. Método: estudo psicométrico de validação facial e de conteúdo da escala UCLA. Para a validação do conteúdo participaram especialistas na área e os itens foram avaliados quanto à clareza, redundância e relevância. O índice Lawshe modificado por Tristán foi o estatístico usado para a análise. Para a validação facial participaram cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença crônica para quem foi realizada entrevista cognitiva e analisaram-se as áreas de compreensão, recuperação, julgamento, adequação de opções de resposta e conteúdo da pergunta. Resultados: validez de conteúdo: 9 dos 18 itens da escala UCLA apresentaram IVC ajustado superior a 0,8. O item 8 apresentou IVC ajustado de 0,66, o que exigiu análise e ajuste semântico pelo comité de validação. Em relação à validade facial, a partir do processo de entrevista cognitiva ficou claro que para todo item, o 86% ou mais dos participantes relataram adequada compreensão, recuperação, julgamento e adequação dos itens. Após a análise qualitativo das respostas, o item 7 requereu ajuste semântico. Conclusões: a escala UCLA tem validade de conteúdo e de face aceitável para seu uso em cuidadores de pessoas com docência crónica na Colômbia. Propõe-se uma versão do instrumento ajustada semanticamente.