Conversion or reversion of interferon gamma release assays for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) are widely used for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection. However, with repeat testing, IGRA transformation (conversion or reversion) may be detected and is challenging to interpret. We reviewed the frequency of and risk factors for IGRA transformation. METHODS: We screened public databases for studies of human participants that reported the frequency of IGRA transformation. We extracted study and subject characteristics, details of IGRA testing and results. We calculated the pooled frequency of IGRA transformation (and transient transformation) and examined associated risk factors. RESULTS: The pooled frequency of IGRA conversion or reversion from 244 studies was estimated at 7.3% (95% CI 6.1-8.5%) or 22.8% (20.1-25.7%), respectively. Transient conversion or reversion were estimated at 46.0% (35.7-56.4%) or 19.6% (9.2-31.7%) of conversion or reversion events respectively. Indeterminate results seldom reverted to positive (1.2% [0.1-3.5%]). IGRA results in the borderline positive or negative range were associated with increased risk of conversion or reversion (pooled OR: conversion, 4.15 [3.00-5.30]; reversion, 4.06 [3.07-5.06]). BCG vaccination was associated with decreased risk of conversion (0.70, 0.56-0.84), cigarette smoking with decreased risk of reversion (0.44, 0.06-0.82), and female sex with decreased risk of either conversion or reversion (conversion, 0.66 [0.58-0.75]; reversion, 0.46 [0.31-0.61]). CONCLUSIONS: IGRA conversion is less common than reversion, and frequently transient. Research is needed to determine whether individuals with reversion would benefit from tuberculosis preventive treatment. Re-testing of people with indeterminate results is probably not indicated, since indeterminate results seldom revert to positive.

[Two new benzoyl-sesquiterpenes from Mesona chinensis].

Mesona chinensis is a common medicinal and edible plant in the Lingnan region of China, which has extensive pharmacological activity. However, the study of its chemical constituents is not sufficient. In this study, a variety of modern chromatographic separation techniques were used to isolate two compounds from 95% ethanol extract of the grass parts of M. chinensis. Their absolute configurations were determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy(UV), infrared spectroscopy(IR), high resolution mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS), 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance(1D NMR and 2D NMR), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction(SC-XRD). Specifically, they were two new benzoyl-sesquiterpenes and named mesonanol A and mesonanol B, respectively. The results of the pharmacological activity evaluation showed that neither of the two new compounds showed obvious antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities.

Characterization of LTr1 derived from cruciferous vegetables as a novel anti-glioma agent via inhibiting TrkA/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Malignant glioma is the most fatal, invasive brain cancer with limited treatment options. Our previous studies show that 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-3,3'-diindolylmethane (LTr1), a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) derived from cruciferous vegetables, produces anti-tumour effect against various tumour cell lines. In this study we characterized LTr1 as a novel anti-glioma agent. Based on screening 134 natural compounds and comparing the candidates' efficacy and toxicity, LTr1 was selected as the lead compound. We showed that LTr1 potently inhibited the viability of human glioma cell lines (SHG-44, U87, and U251) with IC50 values of 1.97, 1.84, and 2.03 µM, respectively. Furthermore, administration of LTr1 (100,300 mg· kg-1 ·d-1, i.g. for 18 days) dose-dependently suppressed the tumour growth in a U87 xenograft nude mouse model. We demonstrated that LTr1 directly bound with TrkA to inhibit its kinase activity and the downstream PI3K/AKT pathway thus inducing significant S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in SHG-44 and U87 cells by activating the mitochondrial pathway and inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, LTr1 could cross the blood-brain barrier to achieve the therapeutic concentration in the brain. Taken together, LTr1 is a safe and promising therapeutic agent against glioma through inhibiting TrkA/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Pharmacological targeting transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 modulates biological behaviors for cervical cancer HeLa and SiHA cell.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to observe the effect of transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (TRPC6) antagonist 1-(ß-[3-(4-method-phenyl) propoxy]-4-methoxyphenethyl)-1H-imidazole hydrate (SKF-96365) and its agonist 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) on the proliferation of cervical cancer cell lines HeLa and SiHa, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, cell migration, and TRPC6 expression. METHOD: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to detect the expression of TRPC6 in HeLa and SiHa cells. The tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the 5-ethynyl -2'- deoxyuridine (EdU) fluorescence detection assay, and a scratch test were used to detect the changes of proliferation, DNA synthesis and cell migration of HeLa and SiHa cells after SKF 96,365 and OAG acted on HeLa and SiHa cells for different lengths of time. RT-qPCR was used to detect expression changes of TRPC6 SKF-96365 and OAG treated HeLa and SiHa cells. RESULTS: TRPC6 was expressed both in HeLa and SiHa cells. The MTT assay showed that after 24 h of SKF-96365 treatment, compared with the control group, the proliferation of HeLa and SiHa cells was inhibited, and there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). After 24 h of OAG, compared with the control group, the proliferation of HeLa and SiHa cells had increased, and there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). EdU fluorescence detection showed that SKF-96365 could inhibit the DNA synthesis of HeLa and SiHa cells, and OAG could promote the DNA synthesis of HeLa and SiHa cells (p < 0.05) in HeLa and SiHa cell lines. CONCLUSION: The high expression of calcium channel TRPC6 in HeLa and SiHa tissues may be related to the malignant behavior of cervical cancer cell lines HeLa and SiHa. This calcium channel may be a new target for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.

Molecular Simulation Studies on the Interactions of Bilirubin at Different States with a Lipid Bilayer.

The unconjugated bilirubin (BR) may penetrate through the cell membrane and cause a severe cytotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the penetration of BR into the cell membrane is still largely unknown. In this work, we systematically investigate the interaction of BR and a lipid bilayer under different conditions by using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that BR at the Z,Z conformation can easily enter into the interior of the lipid bilayer due to its hydrophobicity. However, when BR transforms from the Z,Z conformation to the E,E conformation (after the blue-light emission), its penetration ability is greatly reduced (especially at its ionized state). This study may offer useful physical insights into the effect of phototherapy on the penetration behavior and the cytotoxicity of the unconjugated BR.

Selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for endometriosis.

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. This chronic and recurring condition occurs in women of reproductive age. It is a common cause of pain or infertility and can cause non-specific symptoms such as lower back pain, dyspareunia (pain during or after intercourse), and dysmenorrhoea (menstrual pain). Endometriosis is an oestrogen-dependent disease. Medical treatment aims to relieve symptoms and shrink lesions by suppressing the normal menstrual cycle. In this review, we consider medication specifically aiming to modulate oestrogen receptors as an alternative method of treatment. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) in the management of endometriosis. SEARCH METHODS: We searched for trials in the following databases (from their inception to 28 May 2020): Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Studies (CRS Online), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and registers of ongoing trials. In addition, we searched all reference lists of included trials, and we contacted experts in the field, in an attempt to locate trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) with placebo, no treatment, other medical treatment, or surgery for endometriosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures recommended by Cochrane. Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data using data extraction forms. We used risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for reporting dichotomous data. Primary review outcomes were relief of pelvic pain and adverse events. Secondary outcomes included quality of life, recurrence rate, and economic and fertility outcomes. MAIN RESULTS: We included only one RCT, which included 93 women, comparing the SERM raloxifene with placebo in biopsy-proven endometriosis. All women first underwent complete surgical excision of all lesions. Evidence was of very low quality: the main limitation was imprecision - with very sparse data from only one small study, which included only women after surgical treatment. Relief of pelvic pain The included study did not specifically measure the primary outcome of pain relief. Study authors reported that time to return of pelvic pain (defined as two months of pain equal to or more severe than pain at study entry) was more rapid in the raloxifene group (P = 0.03). Adverse events The included study reported adverse events such as pelvic pain, ovarian cyst, headache, migraine, and depression. We are uncertain whether raloxifene improves the incidence of pelvic pain (RR 1.25, 95% CI 0.63 to 2.45), ovarian cysts (RR 1.57, 95% CI 0.55 to 4.43), headache (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.49 to 2.43), migraine (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.95), depression (RR 1.96, 95% CI 0.63 to 6.06), or other adverse events (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.00 to 1.30) (all: 1 study, n = 93; very low-quality evidence). Quality of life The study described a statistically significant difference in mental health quality of life (QoL) by 12 months, in favour of placebo treatment (mean difference 11.1, 95% CI 0.01 to 21.19). Other QoL data did not differ between groups but were not reported in detail. Recurrence rate, fertility, and economic outcomes We are uncertain whether raloxifene improves the recurrence rate of endometriosis, proven by biopsy, when compared to placebo (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.21; 1 study, n = 93; very low-quality evidence). This suggests that if 28% of women taking placebo have biopsy-proven recurrence of endometriosis, between 19% and 62% of those taking raloxifene will do so. These outcomes are prone to bias, as not all women had an actual second laparoscopy. Recurrence based on symptoms (non-menstrual pain, dysmenorrhoea, or dyspareunia) was described; in these cases, symptoms improved after use of raloxifene as well as after use of placebo. The included study did not report data on economic outcomes. No comparative data were available on pregnancy, as the study included only women who agreed to postpone pregnancy until after the study endpoint; the few pregnancies that did occur were uneventful but were regarded as an adverse event.  AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Based on a single, small RCT and incomplete data, we are uncertain of the effects of SERMs on pain relief in surgically treated patients with endometriosis. The included study was stopped prematurely because of higher pain scores among women who took SERMs when compared to scores among those receiving placebo. Further research is needed to fully evaluate the role of SERMs in endometriosis.

Inkjet-Printed High-Performance Flexible Micro-Supercapacitors with Porous Nanofiber-Like Electrode Structures.

Flexible planar micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) with unique loose and porous nanofiber-like electrode structures are fabricated by combining electrochemical deposition with inkjet printing. Benefiting from the resulting porous nanofiber-like structures, the areal capacitance of the inkjet-printed flexible planar MSCs is obviously enhanced to 46.6 mF cm-2 , which is among the highest values ever reported for MSCs. The complicated fabrication process is successfully averted as compared with previously reported best-performing planar MSCs. Besides excellent electrochemical performance, the resultant MSCs also show superior mechanical flexibility. The as-fabricated MSCs can be highly bent to 180° 1000 times with the capacitance retention still up to 86.8%. Intriguingly, because of the remarkable patterning capability of inkjet printing, various modular MSCs in serial and in parallel can be directly and facilely inkjet-printed without using external metal interconnects and tedious procedures. As a consequence, the electrochemical performance can be largely enhanced to better meet the demands of practical applications. Additionally, flexible serial MSCs with exquisite and aesthetic patterns are also inkjet-printed, showing great potential in fashionable wearable electronics. The results suggest a feasible strategy for the facile and cost-effective fabrication of high-performance flexible MSCs via inkjet printing.

Urethral involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case-based review.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) commonly presents with glomerulonephritis and inflammation of upper and lower respiratory tracts. It can also involve other organs including those of the urinary tract. The involvement of the urethra is very rarely reported. We present a case of GPA in a patient who had recurrent urinary tract infections and an acute bladder outlet obstruction due to a urethral thickening by GPA. In this report, we discuss urethral involvement with GPA. The incidence of such involvement, as with other urinary tract organs, might be underestimated. It can affect both sexes, with male predominance, and can occur at any age. It responds to standard GPA medical treatment but may require surgical intervention. Rheumatologists should be aware of this limited form of GPA as early recognition and treatment can decrease the risk of complications.

Effects of a novel SDHI fungicide pyraziflumid on the biology of the plant pathogenic fungi Bipolaris maydis.

Pyraziflumid is a novel member of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide. Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) caused by Bipolaris maydis is an important foliar disease of maize crop. In this study, baseline sensitivity of B. maydis to pyraziflumid was determined using 100 strains of B. maydis collected from different geographical regions in Jiangsu Province of China during 2015 and 2016, and EC50 values ranged from 0.0309 to 0.8856 µg/ml with the average value of 0.2780 ±â€¯0.2012 µg/ml for mycelial growth, and 0.032 to 0.9592 µg/ml with the average value of 0.3492 ±â€¯0.2450 µg/ml for conidium germination. After treatment with pyraziflumid, the distribution of cell nucleus and septum of mycelium was not changed, but hyphae of offshoot and conidia production decreased, cell secretion decreased, the cell membrane was damaged, mycelium electrolyte leakage increased, and organelles in mycelial cell dissolved and vacuolated. The protective and curative activity test of pyraziflumid suggested that pyraziflumid had great control efficiency against B. maydis on detached corn leaves. In protective activity assay with application of pyraziflumid at 5 µg/ml and 10 µg/ml, the control efficacy reached to 87.32% and 100% respectively. In curative activity assay with application of pyraziflumid at 20 µg/ml and 50 µg/ml, the control efficacy reached to 82.10% and 100% respectively.

Baseline sensitivity of Bipolaris maydis to the novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor benzovindiflupyr and its efficacy.

Benzovindiflupyr is a novel member of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides. The filamentous fungus Bipolaris maydis Nisik. et Miyake was the causal agent of southern corn leaf blight (SCLB). Here, baseline sensitivity of B. maydis to benzovindiflupyr was established by mycelial growth and conidium germination methods using 96 B. maydis isolates collected from various places of Jiangsu Province of China, and EC50 values ranged from 0.0321 to 0.9149 µg/ml with the mean value of 0.3446 (±0.2248) µg/ml for mycelial growth, and 0.1864 to 0.964 µg/ml with the mean value of 0.5060 (±0.2094) µg/ml for conidium germination respectively. Treated with benzovindiflupyr, the distribution of nuclei and septum of hyphae did not change, but hyphae of offshoot and conidial production of B. maydis decreased significantly, the cell membrane permeability increased. The result of transmission electron microscope showed that the cross section of hypha was out of shape, the cell wall became thin and sparse, the cell membrane were distinctly damaged, organelles dissolved and vacuolated, and the cell nearly broke up. The results suggested that benzovindiflupyr had strong activity against mycelial growth and conidial production of B. maydis by damaging cell wall, membrane and organelles. The protective and curative activity assays for benzovindiflupyr indicated that benzovindiflupyr exhibited excellent suppression of B. maydis development on detached corn leaves. In protective activity assay with application of benzovindiflupyr at 10 µg/ml, the control efficacy reached to 100%. In curative activity assay with application of benzovindiflupyr at 50 µg/ml, the control efficacy reached to 90.72%. This is the first report of baseline sensitivity of B. maydis to benzovindiflupyr and its biological activity against B. maydis. It is recommended that benzovindiflupyr is a excellent candidate for controlling SCLB.

Activity of the dinitroaniline fungicide fluazinam against Bipolaris maydis.

Fluazinam is a dinitroaniline fungicide with broad-spectrum activities. However, the activity of fluazinam against Bipolaris maydis which is the causal agent of southern corn leaf blight is unknown yet. In this study, baseline sensitivity of B. maydis to fluazinam was determined using 92 isolates collected during 2015 and 2016 from different geographical regions in Jiangsu Province of China, and the EC50 values ranged from 0.0396 to 0.9808 µg/ml with average value of 0.3853 ±â€¯0.2297 µg/ml, and 0.079 to 0.7832 µg/ml with average value of 0.3065 ±â€¯0.1384 µg/ml for mycelial growth and conidium germination respectively. Fluazinam did not affect the distribution of cell nucleus and the formation of septum of B. maydis. However, fluazinam could make mycelium of B. maydis contorted and the mycelial branches increased and inhibit the development of conidia. The result of transmission electron microscope showed that fluazinam damaged cell wall and cell membrane of mycelium, and make organelles in mycelial cell dissolved and vacuolated, and the cell almost broke up, which caused the intracellular plasma leakage increase. The protective activity test of fluazinam suggested that fluazinam had great control efficiency against B. maydis on detached corn leaves. Application of fluazinam at 10 µg/ml and 20 µg/ml, the control efficacy reached to 87.70% and 98.25% respectively. However, fluazinam had no curative activity against B. maydis on detached corn leaves. These results will contribute to us on evaluating the potential of the dinitroaniline fungicide fluazinam for management of diseases caused by B. maydis and understanding the mode of action of fluazinam against B. maydis.

Resistance risk assessment for fluazinam in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

In the current study, sensitivity distribution of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum populations to fluazinam was determined using 103 strains collected from the fields of Jiangsu Province of China in 2016-2017 and the resistance risk of fluazinam was assessed. The average EC50 (50% effective concentration) values and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of 103 S. sclerotiorum strains against fluazinam were 0.0073±0.0045µg/ml and <0.3µg/ml for mycelial growth, respectively. Nine mutants with low resistance level were obtained from wild type sensitive strains exposed on PDA medium amended with fluazinam and the resistance was stable after their ten transfers on PDA without the fungicide. Compared with the parental strains, the nine fluazinam-resistant mutants decreased in mycelial growth, sclerotial production, pathogenicity and were more sensitive to 0.7M NaCl. In addition, cell membrane permeability of resistant mutants was higher than that of their parental strains. Cross resistance assay showed that there was no cross-resistance between fluazinam and fludioxonil, dimetachlone, prochloraz, tebuconazole, azoxystrobin, or procymidone in S. sclerotiorum. The above results indicated that there was a low resistance risk for fluazinam in S. sclerotiorum. However, the sensitivity of all fluazinam-resistant mutants to fludioxonil decreased. Sequencing alignment results showed that there were no mutations in the two-component histidine kinase gene (Shk1) of the resistant mutants and the expression levels of Shk1 of three resistant mutants were significantly up-regulated while others were almost the same as their parental strains. These results will contribute to evaluating the resistance risk of fluazinam for management of diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum and further increase our understanding about the mode of action of fluazinam.

[Application of Digestive Endoscopy in Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection].

Helicobacter pylori (Hp),a proven pathogen of digestive disease,is closely associated with gastrointestinal diseases including peptic ulcer,chronic active gastritis,stomach cancer,and stomach-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Thus,precise and timely diagnosis of Hp is of great significance. In addition to 13C or 14C breath test,rapid urease test,and other commonly used Hp diagnosis methods,some new endoscopic techniques such as magnifying endoscopy,narrow-band imaging,confocal laser endomicroscopy,Fuji intelligent chromoendoscopy,and I scanning have been used for the direct observation of the fine-structure of stomach with Hp infection or for the identification of living Hp. This article reviews the application of digestive endoscopy in the diagnosis of Hp infection.

Endophytic Bacillus cereus Effectively Controls Meloidogyne incognita on Tomato Plants Through Rapid Rhizosphere Occupation and Repellent Action.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), which cause severe global agricultural losses, can establish a special niche in the root vascular cylinder of crops, making them difficult to control. Endophytic bacteria have great potential as biocontrol organisms against Meloidogyne incognita. Three endophytic bacteria were isolated from plant tissues and showed high nematicidal activity against M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) in vitro. The gyrB gene sequence amplification results indicated that the three isolates were Bacillus cereus BCM2, B. cereus SZ5, and B. altitudinis CCM7. The isolates colonized tomato roots rapidly and stably during the colonization dynamic experiment. Three pot experiments were designed to determine the potential of three endophytic bacterial isolates on control of root-knot nematodes. The results showed that the preinoculated B. cereus BCM2 experiment significantly reduced gall and egg mass indexes. The inhibition ratio of gall and egg mass was up to 81.2 and 75.6% on tomato roots and significantly enhanced shoot length and fresh weight. The other two experiments with inoculated endophytic bacteria and M. incognita at the same time or after morbidity had lower inhibition ratios compared with the preinoculated endophytic bacteria experiment. The confocal laser-scanning microscopy method was used to further study the possible mechanism of endophytic bacteria in the biocontrol process. The results showed the localization pattern of the endophytic bacteria B. cereus BCM2-(str')-pBCgfp-1 in tomato root tissues. Root tissue colonized by endophytic bacteria repelled M. incognita J2 infection compared with the untreated control in a repellence experiment. We isolated an endophytic B. cereus strain that stably colonized tomato and controlled M. incognita effectively. This strain has potential for plant growth promotion, successful ecological niche occupation, and M. incognita J2 repellent action induction. It plays an important role in endophytic bacteria against root-knot nematodes.

[Determination of eight active components in Radix Hedysari by HPLC and its cluster analysis].

An HPLC method was established for the determination of adenosine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and six flavonoids (calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, isoliquiritigenin, formononetin and medicarpin） in Radix Hedysari. The samples were extracted with methanol by refluxing for 4 h. The HPLC-DAD was performed on a Diamonsil C(18) column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase. The column temperature was at 40 ℃ and the flow rate was 1.0 m L·min(-1), while the temperature of drift tube was 110.5 ℃ and the nebulizing gas flow was 3.1 L·min-1 for the ELSD system. The results showed all the eight components had good linear relationships (r(2) =0.992 8-1.000 0) in the range of the test concentration. The RSD of precision, stability and repeatability were less than 2%.The average recovery rates were 96.78%-103.45%, and RSD were 0.29%-1.61%.The index component contents of Radix Hedysari form 24 different origins were determined and used as variable factors in clustering analysis. The results were classified into 2 groups basically in accordance with the regional cluster. And the consequence was in consistent with the results of principal component analysis. This HPLC method is simple, shows good sensitive and accurate, and provides the experimental basis for multi-index control of Radix Hedysari. Clustering analysis for Radix Hedysari quality control has a certain reliability and objectivity.

[Expression Level of Membrane-associated Proteins Numb in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma and Its Relationship with Ovarian Cancer Stem Cell Markers CD117, CD133, ALDH1.]

OBJECTIVES: To explore the expression level of membrane-associated protein Numb in epithelial ovarian carcinoma and its relationship with ovarian cancer stem cell markers CD117,CD133,acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1(ALDH1). METHODS: A total of 136 patients who had ovarian tumors and 22 patients who had not ovarian tumors in Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics,West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University were chosen as the study subjects.According to the histopathologic examination results,they were divided into epithelial ovarian carcinoma group (n=92),ovarian borderline tumor group (n=23),ovarian benign tumor group (n=21) and normal ovary group (n=22).Expression levels of Numb protein,CD117,CD133 and ALDH1 in ovarian tissue were detected by immunohistochemical SP method and these several kinds of protein expression differences and correlation statistical analysis were performend. RESULTS: 1 The positive expression rate of Numb protein in epithelial ovarian carcinoma group was higher than that in benign tumor or normal ovary group,also Numb protein positive expression rate in ovarian borderline tumor group was higher than that in normal ovary group,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).2 Numb protein positive expression rate in ovarian tissue in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma FIGO stage1-2 was lower than that in stage 3-4,also the same in no lymph nodes metastasis compared with lymph nodes invasion,and the differences of positive expression rate were statistically significant (P<0.05).While there were no significant differences among different age,histopathological types,pathological grades and residual tumor size (P>0.05).3 There was no correlation between Numb protein and CD117 and CD133 positive expression rate in epithelial ovarian carcinoma tissue [correlation coefficient (r)=0.116,P=0.261; r=0.083,P=0.425].However,the positive expression rate of Numb protein and ALDH1 was positively correlated (r=0.296,P=0.261). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of Numb protein may involve in the occurrence,invasion and mechanisms of ovarian cancer,positively correlated with ovarian cancer stem cell markers ALDH1,and may affect the prognosis of patients.

Synthesis of BiOClx Br1-x Nanoplate Solid Solutions as a Robust Photocatalyst with Tunable Band Structure.

The use of bismuth oxyhalides as photocatalysts has received extensive interest because of their high photocatalytic activity and stability. However, available methods for the synthesis of bismuth oxyhalides with tailored morphologies, well-defined facets, and tunable band gaps are still lacking. In this work, two-dimensional BiOClx Br1-x solid solution with exposed {001} facets and tunable band gaps were synthesized by using solvothermal methods. The BiOClx Br1-x solid solution nanoplates crystallized in a homogeneous crystal structure but possessed continuously tuned band gaps from 3.39 to 2.78 eV by decreasing the ratio of Cl/Br. Among the synthesized nanoplates, the BiOCl0.5 Br0.5 sample exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for degrading Rhodamine B (RhB), a typical organic pollutant, under visible light. The highest photoactivity of the BiOCl0.5 Br0.5 sample was attributed to a synergetic effect of higher surface area, facets exposed, and optimized band structure. The results are of profound significance for the design of novel photocatalyst materials.

[Study on Extraction Methods of Characteristic Wavelength of Visible Near Infrared Spectroscopy Used for Sugar Content of Hetao Muskmelon].

Hetao muskmelon is a unique fruit in the hetao area of northwest china, which has been loved by consumers. Sugar content is the important indicator of measuring the quality and mature of muskmelons. This research uses Maya 2000 pro portable spectrometer and PR-101α portable digital refractometer to get spectrum and sugar content values of "jinhongbao" muskmelon, researches the effect of different extraction methods of characteristic wavelength (stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), interval partial least squares(iPLS), backward interval partial least squares (biPLS) and synergy interval partial least squares (siPLS)) on model accuracy and prediction results. The results show: using biPLS method on extraction of characteristic wavelength will the full spectrum evenly divided into 20 subintervals, the PLS factors of 14, when removing 8 subintervals, and choosing the wavelength variable numbers of 218, getting the biPLS model is best, RMSE of corresponding calibration and prediction models is 0.9961 and 1.18. So using the biPLS method of extraction on spectrum wavelength could extract effectively the characteristic wavelengths of melon sugar content, increase the ability of model prediction, and achieve rapid detecting of sugar content about muskmelons.