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1.
Front Neurosci ; 17: 1313057, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38292899

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims: Viscerofugal neurons (VFNs) have cell bodies in the myenteric plexus and axons that project to sympathetic prevertebral ganglia. In animals they activate sympathetic motility reflexes and may modulate glucose metabolism and feeding. We used rapid retrograde tracing from colonic nerves to identify VFNs in human colon for the first time, using ex vivo preparations with multi-layer immunohistochemistry. Methods: Colonic nerves were identified in isolated preparations of human colon and set up for axonal tracing with biotinamide. After fixation, labeled VFN cell bodies were subjected to multiplexed immunohistochemistry for 12 established nerve cell body markers. Results: Biotinamide tracing filled 903 viscerofugal nerve cell bodies (n = 23), most of which (85%) had axons projecting orally before entering colonic nerves. Morphologically, 97% of VFNs were uni-axonal. Of 215 VFNs studied in detail, 89% expressed ChAT, 13% NOS, 13% calbindin, 9% enkephalin, 7% substance P and 0 of 123 VFNs expressed CART. Few VFNs contained calretinin, VIP, 5HT, CGRP, or NPY. VFNs were often surrounded by dense baskets of axonal varicosities, probably reflecting patterns of connectivity; VAChT+ (cholinergic), SP+ and ENK+ varicosities were most abundant around them. Human VFNs were diverse; showing 27 combinations of immunohistochemical markers, 4 morphological types and a wide range of cell body sizes. However, 69% showed chemical coding, axonal projections, soma-dendritic morphology and connectivity similar to enteric excitatory motor neurons. Conclusion: Viscerofugal neurons are present in human colon and show very diverse combinations of features. High proportions express ChAT, consistent with cholinergic synaptic outputs onto postganglionic sympathetic neurons in prevertebral ganglia.

2.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 7(1)jan.-abr. 2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1491844

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da acupuntura na indução de estro em nove éguas Puro-Sangue Inglês virgens,que tiveram retardo no aparecimento de estro na estação de monta, comparado a um grupo controle de 12 animais. Utilizaramseos pontos 238 (Shenshu} e 8ai Hui, para aplicação de eletroacupuntura com freqüência de 10Hz, por 10 minutos, uma vezpor semana, durante duas semanas. Observou-se o aparecimento de estro após a primeira sessão de acupuntura, obtendoseum tempo médio de aparecimento, em dias, de 13,66 ± 9,21. A duração do estro do grupo tratado apresentou uma média de 5,11 ± 2,4 dias, enquanto o grupo controle apresentou uma média de 7,2 ± 2,91 dias. A taxa de prenhez à primeira coberturafoi de 88,88% no grupo tratamento e de 58,33% no grupo controle. A taxa de prenhez, incluindo todas as coberturas, permaneceuigual no grupo tratado e subiu para 83,33% no grupo controle. Dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a acupunturaé uma alternativa para auxiliar o tratamento de éguas que não apresentam ciclo estral no início da estação de monta.

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