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BACKGROUND: Styloid process (SP) is a cylindrical bony projection that originates from the inferior part of the petrous temporal bone just anteriorly to the stylomastoid foramen. Several nerves, muscles, and ligaments are related closely to the (SP). It is considered elongated when the measurement exceeds 30 mm. The overall prevalence of the styloid process is between 3.3% to 84.4%. The elongation of the styloid process (ESP) is associated with the manifestation of Eagle's Syndrome (ES) which is characterized by various types of pain in the head and neck region such as headache, tinnitus, otalgia, and trigeminal neuralgia. Eagle's syndrome occurs in 4-10.3% of individuals with an elongated styloid process (ESP). The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of (ESP) in the patients who were treated in the Dental Hospital University of Barcelona (HOUB), to review the literature to spot the light on the different demographic data worldwide. METHODS: The archived panoramic image in the University of Barcelona dental Hospital were consecutively retrieved to investigate the prevalence of (ESP). Of all digital panoramic radiographs (OPG), 400 met the inclusion criteria and were furtherly analyzed. The results are correlated with the participant's gender, age, and occurrence. Age is subcategorized into three groups. A chi-square test is used to measure the significant differences and the P-value is set at < 0.05 for the level of significance. RESULTS: Among the included 400, we found 291 demonstrating (ESP). The prevalence of (ESP) which exceeds 30 mm is 72.75%. It is found that the most common morphological type is type 1 which is regarded as the uninterrupted (ESP) regardless of gender and age group. Concerning the calcification pattern, the most prevalent is the partial calcified (ESP) despite genders and age groups. CONCLUSION: (OPG) is a sufficient tool for the screening of the elongated styloid process. Regarding the prevalence, our results are considered higher than previously reported prevalence in different populations using (OPG) radiography tool. A study on a wider spectrum of the Spanish population is recommended to further investigate the correlation between the elongated styloid process and the occurrence of Eagle's syndrome.
Subject(s)
Calcinosis , Temporal Bone , Humans , Female , Male , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Temporal Bone/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Panoramic radiography (OPG) evaluates mandibular third molar impaction (MTMI). This systematic review aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of OPG in detecting bone loss distal to the lower second molars. The associated bone loss with different impaction positions and the most prevalent positions of MTMI were investigated as secondary outcomes. In January 2023, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched to identify studies published between January 2012 and January 2023. Two examiners blindly selected the eligible studies for data extraction and quality assessment. Of 427 studies, 8 were suitable for data extraction. All studies reported bone loss distal to the second molar using OPG, ranging from 4.9 to 62.9%. The most frequent position of MTMI is mesioangular. The distal bone loss in the vertical and horizontal positions is statistically significant compared to typically positioned third molars and those that are fully erupted or impacted, but in a normal orientation (p-value 0.005 and 0.02, respectively). Bone loss was not statistically significant in the mesioangular position compared to other impacted positions (p-value 0.14). The risk of bias ranges between 66 and 88%. Despite its limitations, OPG is still considered a valuable tool to assess bone loss distal to the lower second molar in cases of an impacted mandibular third molar.
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Background: The mandibular third molar is the most frequently impacted tooth. An impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM) can have negative consequences on the adjacent mandibular second molar (MSM), such as bone loss. An IMTM can be identified using orthopantomography (OPG). Our objective is to compare changes in bone level distal to the mandibular second molar (MSM) in patients with an extracted IMTM versus non-extracted IMTM using OPG. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 160 orthopantomograms (OPGs) of 80 patients who attended Dental Hospital of the University of Barcelona (HOUB) were randomly selected. Participants were stratified into a study group and control group. Results: Males and females experienced bone gain in the study group and bone loss in the control group. However, the difference in bone-level change was not statistically significant regarding gender in the study group. Within the study group, the age group of 29-39 years demonstrated significant (p-value = 0.042) bone gain after extraction compared to other age groups. However, the control group demonstrated bone loss in all age groups in which the difference is not statistically significant (p-value 0.794). Conclusions: Bone improvements distal to the MSM were observed after the extraction of an IMTM compared to when an IMTM was not extracted.
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Background: Maxillary sinus lift is a well-documented and accepted technique in the rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla. Schneiderian membrane perforation is the most common complication and may occur in between 7% and 56% of cases. Different materials and techniques have been described to achieve reparation of the perforation. The aim of this study was to establish whether the perforation of the Schneiderian membrane and its repair during maxillary sinus lift surgery results in a lower implant survival rate compared to those cases where the membrane has not been perforated. Materials and methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the survival rate of implants placed in regenerated sinus using the lateral window approach, where the perforation of the Schneiderian membrane occur, was carried out. Statistical analysis was performed with Open Meta-Analyst, calculating the odds ratio of implants placed in perforated sinuses and non-perforated sinuses. Results: Ten articles were included in the qualitative analysis and seven articles in the quantitative analysis or meta-analysis. A total of 1224 maxillary sinus augmentation surgeries were performed without perforation of the Schneiderian membrane and 2725 implants were placed; 62 implants failed during the follow-up period with an overall survival rate of 97.7%. In 480 perforated sinuses, 1044 implants were placed, of which 30 failed; the overall survival rate was 97.1%. There were no significant differences between the implant survival rate of the implants in the two groups (OR = 0.78; CI = 0.49-2.23; p = 0.28 and I2 heterogeneity: 0%, p = 0.44). Conclusions: Schneiderian membrane perforation, as long as it is repaired, does not appear to negatively influence implant survival rate. Membrane perforation should not be considered a reason to abort the procedure or an absolute contraindication to implant placement.
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BACKGROUND: The increase in soft tissue (ST) around implants can benefit peri-implant health and aesthetic results. The objective was to compare the gingival and esthetic health benefits of immediate implant placement (IIP) with simultaneous or delayed connective tissue graft (CTG) compared to IIP without CTG. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out by two reviewers in Medline-Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were considered. Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) that were published between April 2017 and February 2024 were used. Studies that analyzed the performance of a simultaneous or deferred CTG after the placement of an implant in the aesthetic zone, with or without immediate provisionalization, without previous regeneration, with a follow-up of 6 months, and that were performed in humans were included. RESULTS: Quantitative analysis was performed using data provided by the RCTs. The five RCTs that were selected analyzed a total "n" of 245 subjects who met the inclusion criteria and focused on the subject of the study. In the quantitative analysis, four RCTs were included. The studies evaluated buccal gingiva levels when placing the IIP with and without CTG, obtaining a mean buccal gingiva level difference of 0.09 mm (95% CI: -0.54 to 0.72, p = 0.05), statistically not significant, but with a favorable trend. CONCLUSIONS: The use of CTG associated with the II can maintain the gum level but not increase the volume. CTG is favorable for achieving successful esthetic results when immediate placement of an implant with a provisional prosthesis is planned.
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Background/Objectives: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the oral mucosa that affects between 0.5% and 2% of the general population. In the last decade, several studies have associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with some inflammatory skin diseases such as oral lichen planus, demonstrating the presence of dyslipidemia in these pathologies. The objective of this work is to review whether patients with OLP show higher dyslipidemia and CRP levels compared to a healthy control population without OLP. Methods: Searches were carried out in Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane. The studies had to perform a histopathological diagnosis for OLP and the patients could not take any medication to treat this disorder. Non-lichenoid reactions were included. Results: After an initial search that provided us with 254 papers, this number was reduced to 10 articles after a detailed evaluation. All of them were case-control studies that compared the presence of analytical cardiovascular risk factors in patients affected by OLP and in healthy subjects. Conclusions: There is no scientific evidence of the possible association between OLP and CVDs. The only association we can prove is the one between OPL and CVD risk factors, especially those related to the lipid profile. More studies are needed in order to evaluate this relationship in patients diagnosed with CVDs.
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BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 disease first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the pandemic in March 2020, with 40 million cases and a million deaths in October 2020. COVID-19 also includes manifestations on the skin and mucous mucosal membrane. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of the oral lesions associated to COVID-19 disease; and evaluate their clinical presentation and the hypothesized etiology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus and Índice Médico Español databases. The following combination of keywords and Boolean operators were used: "COVID-19 AND oral manifestations"; "COVID-19 AND oral lesions"; "COVID-19 AND mucosal lesions" ; "COVID-19 AND mucosal manifestations"; "SARS-COV-2 AND oral manifestations"; "SARS-COV-2 AND oral lesions"; "SARS-COV-2 AND mucosal lesions"; "SARS-COV-2 AND mucosal manifestations". Furthermore, the bibliography was reviewed to manually include additional articles. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed by two blinded reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the evidence levels of the articles found will be cataloged according to the level of evidence and grade of recommendation of Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM). RESULTS: 249 articles were found in the Medline / Pubmed database. There are no additional articles in the Scopus and Índice Médico Español databases. We selected 14 articles plus 5 more articles due to manual searching. Patients presented a wide variety of oral manifestations. The most prevalent were lesions with a solution of continuity (n = 48, 73.85%) and the most frequent area was the tongue (n = 41, 52.56%). The preferred treatment for the lesions is a localized one by using rinses. CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, after the bibliographic review was performed, we can expect that the COVID-19 disease can cause cutaneous and mucosal lesions as secondary manifestations. Despite more studies being needed to confirm this. Key words:COVID-19, SARS-COV-2, oral lesions, oral manifestations.
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In bone regeneration, obtaining a vital bone as similar as possible to native bone is sought. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of stem cells in maxillary bone regeneration for implant rehabilitation and to review the different techniques for obtaining and processing these cells. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using the Pubmed/Medline (NCBI), Cochrane, Scielo, and Scopus databases, without restriction on the publication date. The following Mesh terms were used, combined by the Boolean operator "AND": "dental implants" AND "stem cells" AND "bioengineering". Applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, five articles were obtained and three were added after manual search. The results from the meta-analysis (18 patients) did not provide significant differences despite the percentage of bone formed in the maxillary sinus, favoring the stem cell group, and the analysis of the percentage of residual Bio-Oss® showed results favoring the control group. Stem cell regeneration usually shows positive vascular and viable bone formation. In conclusion, using mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration provides benefits in the quality of bone, similar or even superior to autologous bone, all this through a minimally invasive procedure.
Subject(s)
Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Bone Regeneration , Bone Transplantation , Humans , Maxillary Sinus , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes edentulism as a physical impairment that results in a negative impact in the daily activities. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to compare the satisfaction and the quality of life, in patients treated with implant retained overdentures with two mandibular implants (IOD) against those with mandibular conventional complete dentures (CCD). METHODS: Different search strategies were used to screen for articles in Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane Library and Scielo of the last 17 years (2003-2020). The keywords used were: "quality of life OR satisfaction" AND "complete denture OR conventional denture" AND "overdenture OR implant retained." RESULTS: Six articles and two more were added by manual search. The population was 400 in the CCD and 412 for IOD. The mean age was 64.3 ± 6.41 years. The group was comprised of 283 men and 427 women. The scores obtained in the visual analog scale (VAS) before and after the treatment were statistically significant in favor of the IOD for overall satisfaction, (WMD: 12.329; 95% CI: 4.873 to 19.784, p-value = 0.001), comfort, speech and stability. For esthetics and chewing there was non-significant improvement while hygiene worsened for the IOD. For the comparison after the treatment between both treatment modalities a statistically significant improvement was found in overall satisfaction (WMD: 14.408; 95% CI: 8.589 to 20.226, p-value < 0.001), comfort, speech, chewing and stability in favor of the IOD but not in esthetics or hygiene. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis show the superiority of the IOD, despite is not achieved in all aspects.
Subject(s)
Dental Implants , Denture, Overlay , Aged , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Denture, Complete , Denture, Complete, Lower , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Satisfaction , Personal Satisfaction , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Lipomas are benign mesenchymal tumors composed of mature adipocytes. They are classified according to their histological pattern and their etiology remains unclear. Objectives: To present two cases and review the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search was conducted in the Medline / PubMed and Scielo data bases of the last 10 years (2004-2014) with the keywords " intraoral lipoma OR oral cavity lipoma". RESULTS: 46 articles with 95 cases (56 women and 39 men) were reviewed. The average age was found to be 52.28 years (52.28 ± 18.55); and most of them occurred between the 4th and 6th decade of life. Lipomas occur mostly in the buccal mucosa (n = 36, 37.9%), followed by the tongue (n = 23, 24.2%) and other locations (n = 36, 37.9%). The most common histologic pattern was simple lipomas (n = 40, 42%), followed by fibrolipomas (n = 18, 18.9%) and other types (n = 37, 39.1%). The average tumor size was 19.77 ± 16.26mm. CONCLUSIONS: Lipomas are a relatively rare finding in the oral cavity. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice and recurrence is not expected. Key words:Benign oral tumor, oral lipoma, lipoma, oral cavity.