Research on the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior of college students with psychological disorders based on grounded theory.

BACKGROUND: The utilization of short videos by individuals often leads to the emergence of information exchange behavior. Previous studies have shown that certain students with psychological disorders exhibit addictive tendencies towards short video-related software. Therefore, it is essential to address the psychology and behavior of college students with psychological disorders while engaging with short videos. This study aims to explore the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior among college students with psychological disorders. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 college students afflicted by psychological disorders in a prefecture-level city in Henan Province, China from September to December 2022. Based on the Grounded theory, we encoded 30 text materials across three levels to explore the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior among college students with psychological disorders, and subsequently build a model framework. RESULTS: The findings of this study suggest that college students with psychological disorders exhibit negative cognition tendencies that can lead to strongly negative emotions, excacerbated by a lack of social support. These adverse factors collectively drive the consumption of short video content in this demographic, providing a virtual environment where they can fulfill their unmet social needs. Therefore, the mechanism governing short video messages interaction among college students with psychological disorders encompasses negative cognitive tendencies, negative emotions, lack of social support, post-video-watching behaviors, and the gratification of social needs within the confines of a virtual environment. CONCLUSIONS: This study comprehensively analyzes the motivation and complexity of college students with psychological disorders in short video interaction. Although short videos provide this group with some ways of self-expression and emotional support, they still have a negative impact on their physical and mental health. The short video interaction of college students with psychological disorders is affected by many factors, including their negative cognitive tendencies, negative emotions, lack of social support, post-video-watching behaviors, and the gratification of social needs within the confines of a virtual environment. These findings deepened our understanding to the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior among college students with psychological disorders, also provided us with guidance on facilitating the proper use of short video and maintaining the mental health. In future researches, researchers can discuss more about intervention measures to help this demographic cope with the challenges from short video interaction.

Mortality Risk factors and SOX2 and mTOR expression in Patients with Esophageal Cancer.

Causes of mortality in EC patients are not confined to cancer-specific mortality but include various protein expressions of SOX2 and mTOR in Esophageal Cancer patients and their correlation with the clinical stage. Data about the risk factors and involvement of cancer-specific protein are still lacking. This study aimed to define the risk factors and association of SOX2 and mTOR expression in mortality in patients with EC. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the risk factors for cancer-specific mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients with esophageal cancer (EC). The expression rates of SOX2, as well as MTO, were checked in patients. The multivariate analysis revealed a high-risk EC mortality with age ≥ 65 years, black race, grade, stage, and sequence of treatment; radiation after surgery; radiation before and after surgery; Surgery both before and after radiation. While the cardiovascular mortality increased with age ≥ 65 years, adenocarcinoma type, grade, stage, and sequence of treatment. The expression rates of SOX2, as well as mTOR, were 75.5 percent and 86.8 percent in Esophageal Cancer, while were 10.7 percent and 7.5 percent in osteochondroma, respectively, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Risk factors for cancer-specific mortality and cardiovascular mortality in EC patients include older age at diagnosis, male sex, non-married status, grade III of the tumor, the regional or distant spread of the tumor, no cancer-directed therapy. The expression levels of SOX2, mTOR, and the total survival time were related to the different stages. It shows an upward trend for the expression levels of mTOR and SOX2 in Esophageal Cancer tissues. The expression levels of SOX2 and mTOR are related to the clinical stage, metastasis, and prognosis.

Demonstration of optical gain at 1550 nm in an Er3+-Yb3+ co-doped phosphate planar waveguide under commercial and convenient LED pumping.

A 980 nm semiconductor laser is always selected as the pump source for erbium-ytterbium co-doped optical waveguide amplifiers. In this work, two low-cost blue-violet LEDs, rather than an expensive 980 nm laser, were used to pump an Er3+-Yb3+ co-doped phosphate planar waveguide. When the signal power was 0.4 mW at a 1550 nm wavelength, internal optical gains of about 4.1 and 4.5 dB/cm were respectively obtained under the excitations of a 32 mW/cm2, 275 nm LED and a 914 mW/cm2, 405 nm LED. It was found that 51.17% of the total Er3+ ions in the 2H9/2 state contributed to the luminescence at 1550 nm, and a theoretical model of gain simulation was established under the excitation of a 405 nm LED. The calculated gain of about 4.1 dB/cm was found to be in accordance with the experimental optical gain results.

Pd/SiO2 Inorganic-Organic Composite Membrane Calcined Under N2 Atmosphere: Thermal Stability and H2/CO2 Separation.

A novel Pd/SiO2 inorganic-organic composite material was developed for the selective separation of H2 from a mixture of H2 and CO2. Its thermal stability and microstructure calcined under N2 atmosphere were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and N2 sorption-desorption measurements. Pd element in Pd/SiO2 gel material exists in PdCl2 form, calcination at 350 °C can result in the complete transformation of Pd2+ to metallic Pd0. With the increase of calcination temperature, the hydrophobic Si-CH3 bands decreased in intensity. The residue of Pd/SiO2 material calcined at 800 °C was mainly composed of Si-O-Si, metallic Pd0, CSi4 and some elemental C0. The mean pore size, BET specific surface area and total pore volume of the as-prepared Pd/SiO2 material calcined at 350 °C was about 2.26 nm, 417.35 m² g-1 and 0.288 m³ g-1, respectively. The mean H2 and CO2 permeances of the corresponding Pd/SiO2 membrane were 9.90×10-6 and 9.10×10-7 mol m-2 Pa-1 s-1, respectively, when operating at 200 °C and a pressure difference of 0.3 MPa. After the steam exposure at 200 °C for 168 h, the H2 permeance decreased by 3.23% while the H2/CO2 permselectivity increased by 2.50%.

Identification and Characterizations of Novel, Selective Histone Methyltransferase SET7 Inhibitors by Scaffold Hopping- and 2D-Molecular Fingerprint-Based Similarity Search.

SET7, serving as the only histone methyltransferase that monomethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, has been proved to function as a key regulator in diverse biological processes, such as cell proliferation, transcriptional network regulation in embryonic stem cell, cell cycle control, protein stability, heart morphogenesis and development. What's more, SET7 is involved inthe pathogenesis of alopecia aerate, breast cancer, tumor and cancer progression, atherosclerosis in human carotid plaques, chronic renal diseases, diabetes, obesity, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, there is urgent need to develop novel SET7 inhibitors. In this paper, based on DC-S239 which has been previously reported in our group, we employed scaffold hopping- and 2D fingerprint-based similarity searches and identified DC-S285 as the new hit compound targeting SET7 (IC50 = 9.3 µM). Both radioactive tracing and NMR experiments validated the interactions between DC-S285 and SET7 followed by the second-round similarity search leading to the identification ofDC-S303 with the IC50 value of 1.1 µM. In cellular level, DC-S285 retarded tumor cell proliferation and showed selectivity against MCF7 (IC50 = 21.4 µM), Jurkat (IC50 = 2.2 µM), THP1 (IC50 = 3.5 µM), U937 (IC50 = 3.9 µM) cell lines. Docking calculations suggested that DC-S303 share similar binding mode with the parent compoundDC-S239. What's more, it presented good selectivity against other epigenetic targets, including SETD1B, SETD8, G9a, SMYD2 and EZH2. DC-S303 can serve as a drug-like scaffold which may need further optimization for drug development, and can be used as chemical probe to help the community to better understand the SET7 biology.

Fine-particulate matter (PM2.5), a risk factor for rat gestational diabetes with altered blood glucose and pancreatic GLUT2 expression.

Recent studies have shown an intriguing association between air pollution and diabetic risk. This study was to investigate the impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on glucose consequences and pancreas glucose transporter2 (GLUT2) expression in a gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rat model. GDM rats were exposed to a low PM2.5 dose during pregnancy. After exposure, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and blood routine tests (BRT) were detected. Pancreas underwent pathologic examination. The levels of pancreatic homogenate glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and GLUT2 were detected. There were lower maternal body weight gain and fetal weight in the PM2.5 group. Exposure to PM2.5 caused increased absorbed blastocyst number, higher blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMC), platelets and IL-6 levels. The postprandial blood glucose (PBG) was elevated at most time points after exposure. The pancreas of PM2.5 exposed rats revealed periductal inflammation under pathological examination. The pancreatic GSH-Px significantly reduced and MDA increased in exposed group. The pancreatic GLUT2 expression was decreased after PM2.5 exposure. Our study provides direct evidence that PM2.5 exposure can result in pancreatic pathological changes and glycemic consequences in GDM rats. The oxidative response and inflammation are involved in PM2.5 increased risk of pancreatic impairment and glycemic consequences.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a risk factor of rat gestational diabetes with altered blood glucose and pancreatic GLUT2 expression.

Recent studies have shown an association between air pollution and diabetic risk. This study was to investigate the impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on glucose consequences and pancreas glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) expression and its related mechanisms in a gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rat model. GDM rats were exposed to a low PM2.5 dose while the controls received saline. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and blood routine tests (BRT) were detected for analyzing coagulation and inflammation. Pancreas tissues underwent pathologic examination, the levels of homogenate glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) were detected for oxidative stress estimation, and the degree of GLUT2 expression of pancreas was analyzed. There were lower maternal body weight gain and fetal weight in the PM2.5 group. Exposure to PM2.5 caused increased absorbed blastocyst number and postprandial blood glucose (PBG) blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMC), platelets, and IL-6 levels. The pancreas of PM2.5 exposed rats revealed inflammation under pathological examination. The pancreatic GSH-Px significantly reduced and MDA increased and GLUT2 protein expression decreased after exposure. Our study provides direct evidence that PM2.5 exposure can result in glycemic consequences in GDM rats. The oxidative response and inflammation are involved in PM2.5 increased risk of adverse maternal and fetal consequences.

PTP1B inhibitors from stems of Angelica keiskei (Ashitaba).

Three new chalcones, xanthoangelols K-M (1-3), together with 19 known compounds were isolated from the stems of Angelica keiskei Koidzumi, a well-known rejuvenated and anti-diabetic plant originated from Japan. The structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and Mosher's method. All compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Among them, six chalcones, xanthoangelol K (1), xanthoangelol (4), xanthoangelol F (5), 4-hydroxyderricin (6), xanthoangelol D (7), xanthoangelol E (8), and a coumarin, methoxsalen (17), showed strong PTP1B inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 0.82, 1.97, 1.67, 2.47, 3.97, 1.43, and 2.53µg/mL, respectively. A kinetic study revealed that compound 1 inhibited PTP1B with characteristics typical of a competitive inhibitor. Molecular docking simulations elucidated that ring B of 1 may anchor in a pocket of PTP1B and the molecule is stabilized by hydrogen bonds with Arg47, Asp48, and π-π interaction with Phe182 of PTP1B.

Plantadeprate A, a Tricyclic Monoterpene Zwitterionic Guanidium, and Related Derivatives from the Seeds of Plantago depressa.

Two new alkaloids, plantadeprate A (1) and 1'-(4″-hydroxybutyl)plantagoguanidinic acid (2), along with three known compounds, were isolated from the seeds of Plantago depressa. Their structures were elucidated by physical data analyses including NMR, MS, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) methods. Plantadeprate A (1), a monoterpene zwitterionic guanidium, possesses a unique 5/5/6-tricyclic ring system. Its absolute configuration was determined by X-ray crystallography and computational methods. Compound 1, plumbagine D (3), and plantagoguanidinic acid (4) exhibited potential antihyperglycemic properties attributed to suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis with inhibitory rates of 8.2%, 18.5%, and 12.5% at 40 µM, respectively.

[Microsurgical resection of lumbar intraspinal tumors through paraspinal approach using percutaneous tubular retractor system].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and operative techniques of microsurgical resection of lumbar intraspinal tumors through paraspinal approach by percutaneous tubular retractor system. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze 21 patients with lumbar intraspinal tumors between November 2011 and February 2014, including Schwannoma (n = 19) and meningioma (n = 2) without lumbar instability on preoperative images. The length of tumors was 0.6-2.0 cm. Tracheal intubation anesthesia was performed prior to microsurgery using percutaneous tubular retractor system through paraspinal approach. Operative duration, blood loss volume, postoperative wound pain duration and hospital stay were analyzed. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK-MM) level was recorded at 1 day preoperatively, 1 day, 3 days and 5 days postoperatively. The scores of Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) and visual analog scale (VAS) were analyzed at 1 day preoperatively, 1, 3, 5 days and 6 months postoperatively to evaluate the function status of spinal cord. Computed tomography ( CT) three-dimensional reconstruction of lumbar vertebrae was performed at 1 week postoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) plain scan and enhanced scan of lumbar vertebrae were conducted preoperatively, 1 week and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Complete removal of tumors was achieved in all patients without the injuries of spinal cord or nerve root. Postoperative scores of JOA and VAS improved versus preoperative ones (P < 0.05). Level of CPK-MM increased 1 day postoperatively and declined to preoperative level at 5 days postoperatively. And th difference was not statistically significant (P < 0.05). Neither residual tumor nor tumor recurrence was detected by MRI plain and enhanced scans. No postoperative spinal instability was identified by CT three-dimensional reconstruction. And no spinal deformity occurred during a follow-up period of 6-28 months. CONCLUSION: Microsurgical resection of lumbar intraspinal tumors using percutaneous tubular retractor system through paraspinal approach minimizes the injuries of paraspinal muscles, facet joint, spinous process and ligaments. This technique offers the advantages of mini-invasiveness, shorter hospital stay, rapid recovery and preserved postoperative spinal stability.

Improving the curing and flame retardancy of epoxy resin composites by multifunctional Si-containing cyclophosphazene derivatives.

Novel star-like molecules containing P, N and Si with dual functions of flame retardance and curing promotion (abridged as HCCP-KH540) were successfully synthesized through the nucleophilic substitution reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (KH540). HCCP-KH540 was incorporated with the matrix of epoxy resin (EP) to form a flame retardant composite abridged as E-HK. The activation energy of the curing reaction of the E-HK composite was reduced but the curing reaction rate was accelerated by HCCP-KH540. The E-HK composite with 30 phr content of HCCP-KH540 exhibited excellent flame retardancy with limiting oxygen index of 29.6% and V-1 rating in the vertical burning test as well as excellent thermal stability with a char yield of 23.77% at 700 °C, compared with only 8.64% for pure EP.

Retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.

OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively summarize the associations between retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer, and quantitatively estimate their dose-response relationships. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases (from January 1982 to 15 March 2011) and the references of the relevant articles in English with sufficient information to estimate relative risk or odds ratio and the 95% confidence intervals, and comparable categories of vitamins. Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardized form, with any discrepancy adjudicated by the third reviewer. RESULTS: Overall, 51 studies met the inclusion criteria. Comparing the highest with the lowest intake, total vitamin A intake reduced the breast cancer risk by 17% (pooled OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78-0.88). Further subgroup analysis based on study design did not change the significant reduction. Although the dietary vitamin A, dietary vitamin E, and total vitamin E intake all reduced breast cancer risk significantly when data from all studies were pooled, the results became nonsignificant when data from cohort studies were pooled. The significant association between total retinol intake and breast cancer in all studies became nonsignificant in case-control studies but remain significant in cohort studies. No significant dose-response relationship was observed in the higher intake of these vitamins with reduced breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that both the total intake of vitamin A and retinol could reduce breast cancer risk. However, associations between other vitamins and breast cancer seem to be limited.

Efficacy of uremic pruritus treatment in patients undergoing hemodialysis, a network meta-analysis for randomized clinical trials.

INTRODUCTION: Uremic pruritus is very common in hemodialysis or renal failure patients, there were lots of available treatments such as gabapentin, pregabalin, ondansetron, etc. However, there is no quantified study comparing these treatments together, it is impossible to conduct a clinical trial involving so many treatments, so we conduct a network meta-analysis to compare them. METHOD: We collected mean difference and standard error of visual analogue scale data as outcome. In total we collected 15 articles, 15 articles, 1180 subjects and 6 treatments included to this study. RESULTS: In these comparisons, gabapentin showed the largest effect MD: 5.19, 95%CI [3.77, 6.61], anti-histamine MD: 4.65, 95%CI [2.22, 7.07] and pregabalin MD: 4.62, 95%CI [2.71, 6.62] showed a similar effect. Opioid pathway related treatment also showed a significant but not so large effect MD: 2.45, 95%CI [0.41, 4.49]. Ondansetron and Doxepin didn't show a significant improvement among placebo, the overall quantifying heterogeneity I2=43.1%. There is no statically difference between gabapentin, pregabalin and anti-histamine treatments. CONCLUSIONS: So we conclude that gabapentin, pregabalin and anti-histamine has a similar efficacy on pruritus control.

Integrating Health and Care in China: Lessons Learned and Future Outlook.

BACKGROUND: An aging population is one of the key drivers reshaping health care systems. In China, the complex needs of its huge aging population require integration across the health and care sectors. POLICIES AND PROGRESS: Over the past decade, the central government of China promulgated a series of policies to promote the establishment of aftercare facilities, specify approaches to integrate health and care service delivery at institutional and community levels, pilot long-term care insurance (LTCI) as a funding mechanism, and reform administrative structures in favor of integration. Progress has been made towards organizational and clinical integration of service delivery both at institutional and community levels. LTCI has been introduced as the financing mechanism covering long term care services. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: The experiences of China in the integration of health and care could be summarized as a top-down approach in policy formulation and implementation, the significant employment of pilots and demonstrations, and the activation of market forces. However, China is still in the initial stage of integrating health and care and is faced with system-level challenges in its financing, management, and workforce, and faces technical challenges, such as a lack of tools, and standards. In the future, these issues need to be addressed.

Anemia and iron deficiency in Crohn's disease.

Introduction: Anemia is a common extraintestinal complication of Crohn's disease (CD) mainly caused by iron deficiency, that affects the quality of life in CD patients. Elucidation of the etiology and pathology of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) has developed in recent years. Common biochemical parameters of iron status are insufficient for assessment of patients with anemia and CD. Thus, novel iron indices are required for accurate assessment in IDA patients with CD. Oral iron supplementation for IDA treatment is common and is associated with minor gastrointestinal side effects. Intravenous substitution improves safety profiles but may be not tolerable in some patients. Fortunately, additional therapies for anemia of active CD have emerged in recent years.Area covered: Here, we propose the review article on the link among anemia, iron deficiency, and Crohn's disease. We discuss the current diagnosis and therapy of anemia and iron deficiency in CD and propose the new directions for future research.Expert commentary: Exploring pathogeneses and treatments of anemia and iron deficiency in Crohn's disease will develop potential tools for early diagnosis and effective treatment of anemia in CD patients, and improve their life quality.

Industrial water pollution and transboundary eco-compensation: analyzing the case of Songhua River Basin, China.

As eco-compensation is considered an effective economic instrument for controlling the industrial water pollution in transboundary basin, this study aims to explore a transboundary eco-compensation mechanism for Songhua River Basin that is one of the seven major drainage basins in China. Using a panel dataset of eleven cities in this basin tracked from 1992 to 2016, we empirically examined the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis by analyzing the relationship between economic development and industrial water pollution. Then, we developed two econometric models to quantify the wastewater discharge allowance and eco-compensation of investigated cities, respectively. The results specifically reveal the inverted U-curve effects of GRP (gross regional product) on industrial wastewater discharge, which displays an evidence of EKC in the field of transboundary water pollution in China. Moreover, our results verify the polluter pays principle that polluter should be responsible for its pollution behavior through paying of eco-compensation. Our results further interpret that the emissions trading program can help protect the ecosystem by allowing the wastewater discharge allowance to trading market.

Perception of E-cigarette Use among Adult Users in China: A Mixed-method Study.

The use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) is increasing rapidly in China, but the perception of these products and their health impact among Chinese users have received little research attention. This study collected semi-structured in-depth interview data from experienced adult EC (including heated tobacco products also named ECs on the Chinese market) users in the Shanghai area. The subjects were recruited from those who participated in a previous online survey on EC use. A thematic narrative approach was used to analyze the data. Thirty current EC users were interviewed for evaluation of their perception of EC use in a variety of categories, including reasons for using, concerns, social acceptance, satisfaction, and health impacts. Participants' common reasons for using ECs were the ease of use and carrying, hygiene, no fire hazard, reduced smoke exposure, aiding quitting smoking, reduced health hazard, palatable flavor, being fashionable, and substituting cigarettes in non-smoking areas. Most (90%; 27/30) participants reduced (77%) or quit smoking (13%) after using ECs, and 80% were willing to recommend these products to others. Most (90%) of the participants reportedly noticed positive health changes after using ECs. Regulatory concerns were expressed by 33% participants. Participants predominately viewed ECs as a viable substitute for smoking, with substantial effects on tobacco harm reduction. These findings lend support to EC use as a promising opportunity for public health promotion in China through engaging smokers in smoking cessation attempts. However, overall public health benefits/risks of EC use, and its regulatory affairs need to be considered.

Annual input and output fluxes of heavy metals to paddy fields in four types of contaminated areas in Hunan Province, China.

This study focused on the heavy metal concentrations in the soil and their representative input and output fluxes to paddy fields in four types of contaminated areas in Changzhutan urban agglomerations, Hunan, China. Four types of contaminated areas (mining area, livestock breeding area, suburb area and control area) were chosen for monitoring. Three input pathways and three output pathways were considered so as to figure out the heavy metal balance throughout the topsoil. In all study areas, the input fluxes of atmospheric deposition, accounting for 51.21%-94.74% of the total input fluxes, were significantly higher than those of fertilizer and irrigation water. Nevertheless, the manure fertilizer contributes nearly the same proportion as atmospheric deposition in livestock breeding area. In suburb area, only the flux of atmospheric deposition was higher than that in control area, and other input fluxes showed no significant difference. Crop removal, especially straw removal, was the primary output pathway of soil elements, contributing 60.19%-89.37% of the total output fluxes. Annual balance demonstrated that Cd was the metal of the primary concern in study areas. Furthermore, obvious differences were observed among the distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Pb and As) fractions in four types of contaminated areas. In general, the available content was the primary portion of the total contents, mostly up to about 51.70%-87.76%. The information obtained in this paper provides a more comprehensive understanding of the differences in the net inputs of heavy metals among four types of contaminated areas and emphasizes the significance of straw removal for Hunan agricultural soil.

[Schistosoma japonicum heat shock protein 60 enhances regulatory T cell immunosuppressive function by promoting the expressions of IL-10 and TGF-ß].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible mechanisms by which Schistosoma japonicum heat shock protein 60 (SjH-SP60) enhances CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) immunosuppressive function. METHODS: An in vitro method was used to investigate the effect of SjHSP60 on Treg immunosuppressive activity. Co-cultures in transwells and in vitro suppression assay were performed to investigate how SjHSP60 enhanced the immunosuppressive function of Tregs. Intracellular cytokine staining combined with flow cytometry was used to detect Treg-expressing IL-10 and TGF-ß, and flow cytometry was also used to analyze the expressions of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 in Tregs. RESULTS: SjHSP60 enhanced the immunosuppressive function of Tregs. Soluble cytokines IL-10 and TGF-ß mediated inhibitory activity of SjHSP60-triggered Tregs. SjHSP60 induced significant increases in both IL-10 and TGF-ß expressions of Tregs. Further investigation showed significant increased Foxp3 and CTLA-4 in SjHSP60-trggered Tregs. CONCLUSIONS: SjHSP60 enhances Treg immunosuppressive function by promoting the expressions of IL-10 and TGF-ß, possibly due to SjHSP60-mediated induction of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 in Tregs.