ABSTRACT
Even though a few organic materials have attracted considerable attention for energy storage applications, their dissolution in the electrolyte during the charging-discharging processes presents a formidable challenge to their long-term performance. In this work, according to the principle of like dissolves like, non-polar trithiocyanuric acid (TCA) can effectively inhibit dissolution in an aqueous electrolyte, hence prolonging the cycle life. Moreover, theoretical calculations suggest that TCA lowers lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, thereby promoting reaction kinetics. The CV curves of TCA maintain a rectangular structure even at a high scan rate of 1000 mV sâ1 and exhibit a remarkable capacitance retention rate of 93.1% after 50,000 cycles. Asymmetric flexible supercapacitors utilizing the TCA exhibit an impressive energy density. Moreover, they maintain 94.2% of their capacitance after undergoing 80,000 cycles. Their integration with perovskite solar cells to facilitate the rapid storage of photogenerated charges enables efficient solar energy utilization, providing a practical solution for capturing and storing renewable energy.
ABSTRACT
The solar-driven photorechargeable zinc-ion batteries have emerged as a promising power solution for smart electronic devices and equipment. However, the subpar cyclic stability of the Zn anode remains a significant impediment to their practical application. Herein, poly(diethynylbenzene-1,3,5-triimine-2,4,6-trione) (PDPTT) was designed as a functional polymer coating of Zn. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the PDPTT coating not only significantly homogenizes the electric field distribution on the Zn surface, but also promotes the ion-accessible surface of Zn. With multiple N and C=O groups exhibiting strong adsorption energies, this polymer coating reduces the nucleation overpotential of Zn, alters the diffusion pathway of Zn2+ at the anode interface, and decreases the corrosion current and hydrogen evolution current. Leveraging these advantages, Zn-PDPTT//Zn-PDPTT exhibits an exceptionally long cycling time (≥4300â h, 1â mA cm-2). Zn-PDPTT//AC zinc-ion hybrid capacitors can withstand 50,000 cycles at 5â A/g. Zn-PDPTT//NVO zinc-ion battery exhibits a faster charge storage rate, higher capacity, and excellent cycling stability. Coupling Zn-PDPTT//NVO with high-performance perovskite solar cells results in a 13.12 % overall conversion efficiency for the photorechargeable zinc-ion battery, showcasing significant value in advancing the efficiency and upgrading conversion of renewable energy utilization.
ABSTRACT
The pursuit of highly efficient and stable wide-band gap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), especially for monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem devices, is a key focus in achieving the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. In this study, we initially designed poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) with varying alkyl chain lengths based on density functional theory calculations. Results pinpoint that PILs with longer alkyl chain lengths tend to exhibit more robust binding energy with the perovskite structure. Then we synthesized the PILs to craft a hydrophobic hydrogen-bonded polymer network (HHPN) that passivates the WBG perovskite/electron transport layer interface, inhibits ion migration and serves as a barrier layer against water and oxygen ingression. Accordingly, the HHPN effectively curbs nonradiative recombination losses while facilitating efficient carrier transport, resulting in substantially enhanced open-circuit voltage (Voc ) and fill factor. As a result, the optimized single-junction WBG PSC achieves an impressive efficiency of 23.18 %, with Voc as high as 1.25â V, which is the highest reported for WBG (over 1.67â eV) PSCs. These devices also demonstrate outstanding thermostability and humidity resistance. Notably, this versatile strategy can be extended to textured perovskite/silicon tandem cells, reaching a remarkable efficiency of 28.24 % while maintaining exceptional operational stability.
ABSTRACT
As the photovoltaic field endeavors to transition perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to industrial applications, inverted PSCs, which incorporate fullerene as electron transport layers, have emerged as a compelling choice due to their augmented stability and cost-effectiveness. However, these attributes suffer from performance issues stemming from suboptimal electrical characteristics at the perovskite/fullerene interface. To surmount these hurdles, an interface bridging strategy (IBS) is proposed to attenuate the interface energy loss and enhance the interfacial stability by designing a series of A-D-A type perylene monoimide (PMI) derivatives with multifaceted advantages. In addition to passivating defects, the IBS plays a crucial role in facilitating the binding between perovskite and fullerene, thereby enhancing interface coupling and importantly, improving the formation of fullerene films. The PMI derivatives, functioning as bridges, serve as a protective barrier to enhance the device stability. Consequently, the IBS enables a remarkable efficiency of 24.62% for lab-scale PSCs and an efficiency of 18.73% for perovskite solar modules craft on 156 × 156 mm2 substrates. The obtained efficiencies represent some of the highest recorded for fullerene-based devices, showcasing significant progress in designing interfacial molecules at the perovskite/fullerene interface and offering a promising path to enhance the commercial viability of PSCs.
ABSTRACT
The advancement of interface engineering has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in overcoming the primary impediment associated with sluggish reaction kinetics in supercapacitor electrodes. In this investigation, we employed a facile co-precipitation method to synthesize NiCoMoO4/MXene heterostructures utilizing Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets as carriers. This heterostructure inhibits the restacking of MXene nanosheets and simultaneously enhances the exposure of electrochemically active sites in NiCoMoO4 nanorods, thereby mitigating the reduction in specific capacitance resulting from volumetric fluctuations. The NiCoMoO4/MXene electrode, possessing pseudo-capacitance properties, demonstrates an impressive level of specific capacitance, exceptional performance across various charging rates, and consistent behavior throughout repeated cycles. By optimizing the mass ratio, this electrode achieves a specific capacity of 1900 F/g under a current density of 1 A/g. Even after enduring 10,000 cycles at a significantly higher current density of 5 A/g, it still maintains an impressive retention rate of 94.73 %. Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to the improved electronic coupling within the NiCoMoO4/MXene heterostructure. The integration of NiCoMoO4/MXene cathode and activated carbon (AC) anode with an alkaline gel electrolyte containing potassium ferricyanide in flexible quasi-solid-state supercapacitors (FSSCs) results in exceptional electrochemical performance and flexibility. These FSSCs demonstrate a maximum energy density of 72.89 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 850 W kg-1, while maintaining an impressive power output of 16,780 W kg-1 with an energy density of 37.28 Wh kg-1. Based on these outstanding properties, it is evident that the NiCoMoO4/MXene heterojunction possesses significant advantages as electrode material for supercapacitors, and the fabricated FSSCs devices pave a new pathway for flexible electronic devices.
ABSTRACT
Power transistors, such as the vertical, double-diffused, metal-oxide semiconductor (VDMOS), are used extensively in the amplifier circuits of medical devices. The aim of this research was to construct a VDMOS power transistor with an optimized structure to enhance the operation of medical devices. First, boron was implanted in silicon by implanting unclamped inductive switching (UIS) and a Faraday shield. The Faraday shield was implanted in order to replace the gate-field parasitic capacitor on the entry part of the device. Also, implanting the UIS was used in order to decrease the effect of parasitic bipolar junction transistor (BJT) of the VDMOS power transistor. The research tool used in this study was Silvaco software. By decreasing the transistor entry resistance in the optimized VDMOS structure, power losses and noise at the entry of the transistor were decreased, and, by increasing the breakdown voltage, the lifetime of the VDMOS transistor lifetime was increased, which resulted in increasing drain flow and decreasing Ron. This consequently resulted in enhancing the operation of high-frequency medical devices that use transistors, such as Radio Frequency (RF) and electrocardiograph machines.