Flexible solar cells based on foldable silicon wafers with blunted edges.

Flexible solar cells have a lot of market potential for application in photovoltaics integrated into buildings and wearable electronics because they are lightweight, shockproof and self-powered. Silicon solar cells have been successfully used in large power plants. However, despite the efforts made for more than 50 years, there has been no notable progress in the development of flexible silicon solar cells because of their rigidity1-4. Here we provide a strategy for fabricating large-scale, foldable silicon wafers and manufacturing flexible solar cells. A textured crystalline silicon wafer always starts to crack at the sharp channels between surface pyramids in the marginal region of the wafer. This fact enabled us to improve the flexibility of silicon wafers by blunting the pyramidal structure in the marginal regions. This edge-blunting technique enables commercial production of large-scale (>240 cm2), high-efficiency (>24%) silicon solar cells that can be rolled similarly to a sheet of paper. The cells retain 100% of their power conversion efficiency after 1,000 side-to-side bending cycles. After being assembled into large (>10,000 cm2) flexible modules, these cells retain 99.62% of their power after thermal cycling between -70 °C and 85 °C for 120 h. Furthermore, they retain 96.03% of their power after 20 min of exposure to air flow when attached to a soft gasbag, which models wind blowing during a violent storm.

Efbemalenograstim alfa not inferior to pegfilgrastim in providing neutrophil support in women with breast cancer undergoing myelotoxic chemotherapy: results of a phase 2 randomized, multicenter, open-label trial.

PURPOSE: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of efbemalenograstim alfa for neutrophil support in breast cancer patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy in a phase 2, dose-finding, open-label study (NCT01648322, ClinicalTrials.gov, 2012-07-19). METHODS: 232 patients received up to 4 cycles of chemotherapy, 141 patients with docetaxel + cyclophosphamide (TC) and 91 patients with docetaxel + doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide (TAC). Patients were randomized to efbemalenograstim alfa (80, 240, or 320 µg/kg [TC]; 240 or 320 µg/kg [TAC]) or pegfilgrastim (6 mg) on Day 2 of each cycle. RESULTS: Efbemalenograstim alfa was non-inferior to pegfilgrastim in duration of moderate and severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] < 1.0 × 109/L) in TAC Cycle 1 (mean [SD] of 2.1 [1.58] and 2.1 [1.46] days for 240 µg/kg and 320 µg/kg efbemalenograstim alfa, respectively, and 1.8 [1.28] days for pegfilgrastim), with a difference (95% CI) of 0.3 (-0.4, 1.1) days. ANC nadir occurred between Days 7-8 of TAC Cycle 1, with mean [SD] of 0.68 [1.064], 0.86 [1.407] and 0.78[1.283] × 109/L for 240 µg/kg, 320 µg/kg efbemalenograstim alfa and pegfilgrastim, respectively. Time to ANC recovery post nadir (defined as an ANC > 2.0 × 109/L after the expected ANC nadir) was 2.0-2.4 and 1.9 days for TAC patients treated with efbemalenograstim alfa and pegfilgrastim, respectively. No significant difference was found between any dose of efbemalenograstim alfa and pegfilgrastim in TAC Cycle 1 for incidence of moderate to severe neutropenia (76%-77% of patients) or incidence of severe neutropenia (ANC < 0.5 × 109/L; 63%-72%). Efbemalenograstim alfa exhibited similar safety profile to pegfilgrastim. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 4 (1.8%) patients, 2 patients each for 320 µg/kg efbemalenograstim alfa and pegfilgrastim, with no event considered related to study drug. CONCLUSION: Efbemalenograstim alfa was comparable to pegfilgrastim in efficacy and safety. GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT01648322.

Research Progress of Organic Field-Effect Transistor Based Chemical Sensors.

Due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, chemical sensors have gained significant attention in various fields, including drug security, environmental testing, food safety, and biological medicine. Among them, organic field-effect transistor (OFET) based chemical sensors have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional sensors, exhibiting several advantages such as multi-parameter detection, room temperature operation, miniaturization, flexibility, and portability. This review paper presents recent research progress on OFET-based chemical sensors, highlighting the enhancement of sensor performance, including sensitivity, selectivity, stability, etc. The main improvement programs are improving the internal and external structures of the device, as well as the organic semiconductor layer and dielectric structure. Finally, an outlook on the prospects and challenges of OFET-based chemical sensors is presented.

In Situ Turn-On Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Vapor Ultra-sensitivity at Lifetime Mode.

Organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) systems are rarely reported for vapor phase sensing due to the contradiction between vapor permeability and phosphorescence ability. Till now, almost all reported works are based on ″turn-off″ mode RTP detection by destroying the compact-packaging oxygen-free environment. ″Turn-on″ mode RTP detection owns additional anti-interference capability due to a lower initial RTP background signal, while its realization is even harder. In this research, in situ phosphorescence ″turn-on″ sensing was realized for methamphetamine (MPEA) vapor detection. Based on the formation of aromatic phenolic aldehyde-secondary amine ion pairs with air-stable RTP performance, the fluorescent tri-formyl phenol (TFP) film was converted into a stable RTP state after being exposed to the MPEA vapor, as supported by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry together with theoretical calculations. The red-shifted absorption and emission, enhanced emission intensity, and 49.7 µs phosphorescence lifetime allowed multiple mode MPEA vapor sensing from chromaticity to fluorescence to phosphorescence. The lifetime mode detection limit reached 0.4 ppt, 5 orders of magnitude lower than the intensity mode detection limit of 20.3 ppb.

Efficacy, safety and prognostic factors of camrelizumab plus carboplatin and pemetrexed chemotherapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Camrelizumab is a recently developed PD-1 inhibitor in China applied in treating different cancers including lung cancer. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety and prognostic factors for camrelizumab plus carboplatin and pemetrexed (CP) chemotherapy in treating patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Of 51 advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with negative driver genes who received camrelizumab plus CP chemotherapy were recruited. These patients received four cycles of camrelizumab plus CP chemotherapy in a 21-day cycle. Then, camrelizumab, pemetrexed or camrelizumab plus pemetrexed was administered as maintenance therapy. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The rates of complete response, partial response, stable disease and progressive disease were 2.0%, 56.8%, 19.6% and 5.9%, respectively; while treatment response of 15.7% of patients was missing or not evaluable. The objective response and disease control rates were 58.8% and 78.4%, respectively. With a median follow-up period of 14.9 months (the follow-up duration ranged from 3.9 months to 24.3 months), 41 (83.4%) cases of disease progression and 22 (43.1%) cases of death were recorded. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.5 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.4-12.6 months) with a 1-year PFS rate of 36.3% and a 2-year PFS rate of 7.5%. In addition, the median overall survival (OS) was 18.7 months (95% CI: 16.4-21.0 months) with a 1-year OS rate of 79.1% and a 2-year OS rate of 30.4%. In consideration of safety, the most frequent adverse events were peripheral neuropathy (37.3%), neutropenia (37.3%), alopecia (35.3%), etc. and most of them were grade 1-2 and could be controlled. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Camrelizumab plus CP chemotherapy achieves favourable efficacy and tolerable adverse events in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Changes of the effective optical zone after small-incision lenticule extraction and a correlation analysis.

The objective of the study is to observe the changes in the effective optical zone (EOZ) after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and explore possible correlations with some influencing factors. In total, 133 eyes after SMILE were divided into the mild to moderate myopia group (- 1.75 D to - 5.75 D, 70 eyes) and the high myopia group (- 6.00 D to - 9.50 D, 63 eyes). The postoperative EOZ was calculated by utilizing the corneal tangential curvature map. Changes in EOZ (△-OZ) were monitored and compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between △-OZ and corneal high-order wavefront aberrations. Multicollinearity analysis and ridge regression analysis were performed to assess the correlation between △-OZ and some corneal parameters. After SMILE, the horizontal EOZ (H-EOZ), vertical EOZ (V-EOZ), and average EOZ (A-EOZ) were significantly smaller than the programmed optical zone (POZ) in both groups (p < 0.05). The difference between V-EOZ and POZ (△V-OZ) and the difference between A-EOZ and POZ (△A-OZ) showed more significant changes in the high myopia group than in the mild to moderate myopia group, and △V-OZ was significantly larger than the difference between H-EOZ and POZ (△H-OZ) in the high myopia group. In both groups, the total high-order aberration (T-HOA) and spherical aberration (SA) both increased after SMILE, and they had a similar significant negative correlation with A-EOZ. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between △-OZ and Km (X1), Q-value (X2), spherical equivalent (SE, X3), ablating depth (AD, X4) and △e (X6), and a significant positive correlation between △-OZ and △Q (X5). △H-OZ was expressed as Y1, △V-OZ as Y2, and △A-OZ as Y3. The multiple linear regression equations were as follows: Y1 = 3.683 - 0.065X1, Y2 = 1.549 - 0.469X2 - 0.059X3, Y3 = 4.015 - 0.07X1 - 0.03X3, Y1 = 1.337 - 0.005X4 + 0.413X5, Y2 = 1.265 + 0.469X5, and Y3 = 0.852 - 0.002X4 - 0.398X6. The correlation degree with △A-OZ was ranked as Km > △Q > Q-value > AD > e-value > △e > SE > △Km, as represented by the ridge regression analysis. The EOZ was irregularly reduced after SMILE, which should be taken into consideration in the design of POZ, especially for high myopia. Consideration of the refractive diopter and corneal topography is advised for the design of POZ, the latter of which has greater reference significance.

Comparison of the optical quality after SMILE and FS-LASIK for high myopia by OQAS and iTrace analyzer: a one-year retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: To compare the correction effect and optical quality after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) for high myopia. METHODS: 51 high myopia eyes after SMILE and 49 high myopia eyes after FS-LASIK were enrolled and divided into two groups retrospectively. The OQAS and iTrace analyzer were used for optical quality inspection. Between the two groups the spherical equivalent (SE), astigmatism, uncorrected distant visual acuity (UDVA), strehl ratio (SR), modulation transfer function cutoff frequency (MTF cutoff), objective scatter index (OSI) and wavefront aberrations were analyzed and compared before surgery and at 1, 6 and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: After the operation: (1) SE and astigmatism declined and UDVA increased significantly in both groups, and UDVA was better after SMILE than FS-LASIK. (2) SR and MTF cutoff reduced and OSI increased significantly after SMILE and FS-LASIK. SR and MTF cutoff were significantly higher after SMILE than FS-LASIK. OSI was significantly lower after SMILE than FS-LASIK. (3) The total wavefront aberration, total low-order wavefront aberration, defocus and astigmatism aberration as well as trefoil aberration reduced significantly in both groups. The total high-order wavefront aberration increased significantly after FS-LASIK. The spherical and coma aberration increased significantly in both groups. The total high-order wavefront aberration and coma aberration at 1 month were higher after FS-LASIK than SMILE. CONCLUSION: The optical quality descended after SMILE and FS-LASIK. SMILE was superior to FS-LASIK at the correction effect and optical quality for high myopia. The combination of OQAS and iTrace analyzer is a valuable complementary measurement in evaluating the optical quality after the refractive surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This is a retrospective study. This research was approved by the ethics committee of Xiangya Hospital and the IRB approval number is 201612074.

Clinical results of orthokeratology therapy in adolescents with low to moderate myopia. / é’å°‘å¹´ä½Žä¸­åº¦è¿‘è§†æ‚£è€ å¤œæˆ´è§’è†œå¡‘å½¢é•œçš„ä¸´åºŠæ•ˆæžœ.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the clinical results of orthokeratology therapy in adolescents with low to moderate myopia after wearing the lens for 6 months. METHODS: The data of 69 adolescents with low to moderate myopia were retrospectively analyzed. According to the degree of spherical power before treatment, the adolescents were divided into a low myopia group (34 cases, with spherical diopter from -3.00 to -0.75 D) and a moderate myopia group (35 cases, with spherical diopter from -5.75 to -3.25 D). The changes of the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), intraocular pressure, count of endothelial cell, eye axis length, Strehl ratio (SR), modulation transfer function (MTF), Q value, and wavefront aberrations before the treatment and 6 months after the treatment were compared and analyzed between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Compared with before the treatment, the UDVA improved significantly in the 2 groups (both P<0.05); the intraocular pressure and the count of endothelial cell did not change obviously in the 2 groups (all P>0.05), the eye axial length in the 2 groups was increased significantly (both P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (all P>0.05); the Q value in the 2 groups was increased significantly, and the change was more obvious for the moderate myopia group (all P<0.05); the SR and MTF were increased remarkably in the 2 groups (all P<0.05), and there were no significant difference in the changes of SR and MTF between the 2 groups (both P>0.05); a considerable decrement was found for the total aberration, the total low-order aberration, and defocus (all P<0.05), and the changes were more significant in the moderate myopia group (all P<0.05); the total high-order aberrations were increased in the low myopia group (P<0.05); the increment of the vertical astigmatism, spherical aberration, horizontal coma, vertical coma, and horizontal trefoil were noticeable (all P<0.05), and the changes of the spherical aberration, vertical coma, and horizontal trefoil were more obvious in the moderate myopia group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Orthokeratology can effectively improve the visual results of the adolescents with low to moderate myopia, and the corrective effect is more obvious for the adolescents with moderate myopia than those with low myopia.

Self-Stabilized Amorphous Organic Materials with Room-Temperature Phosphorescence.

The stability of pure organic room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials in air has been a research hotspot in recent years. Without crystallization or encapsulation, a new strategy was proposed to obtain self-stabilized organic RTP materials, based on a complete ionization of a photo-induced charge separation system. The ionization of aromatic phenol 4-carbazolyl salicylaldehyde (CSA) formed a stable H-bonding anion-cation radical structure and led to the completely amorphous CSA-I film. Phosphorescent lifetimes as long as 0.14 s at room temperature and with direct exposure to air were observed. The emission intensity was also increased by 21.5-fold. Such an amorphous RTP material reconciled the contradiction between phosphorescence stability and vapor permeability and has been successfully utilized for peroxide vapor detection.

Attogram "Meth" Detection Enabled by Selective Organic Crystal Disaggregation via Directed Crystal Level Interactions.

In this contribution, completely different from traditional probes based on molecular host-guest interaction, crystal level interaction was proposed as an ultrasensitive design strategy for molecule detection. In such a strategy, crystal-guest interaction triggered rapid crystal disaggregation to gain great signal change, far more efficient than molecule scale coupling. Highly ordered pyrene methanol (PM) crystal was self-assembled with hydrogen bond chain and π-π stacking force. Its {011} surface can be destabilized by methamphetamine hydrochlorate (MA, heavily used illicit drug) selectively and efficiently. The detection limit was improved to an amazing attogram level (5.4 ag/mL, 29.1 fM), 9 orders of magnitude lower than the best reported host-guest result.

Combination of α-blocker and 5α-reductase inhibitor for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

PURPOSE: This study compared the efficacy of an α-blocker monotherapy alone with a combination of α-blocker plus 5α-reductase in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, CENTRAL (Cochrane databases) and Google Scholar were searched until May 2015 using the following search terms: ([α-blocker] AND 5α-reductase inhibitor) AND benign prostatic hyperplasia; and benign prostatic hyperplasia AND (adrenergic alpha blockers OR 5 alpha reductase inhibitor). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included men with a clinical diagnosis of BPH were included. Eligible studies had to have an intervention group that received combination therapy (5α reductase inhibitor plus α-blocker) and a control group that received only α-blocker. Quality assessment and sensitivity analysis were performed. RESULTS: Six studies were included. Combination therapy was found to significantly reduce urinary retention incidence rate (OR=0.286, 95%CI: 0.199 - 0.412, P.

Concise and Efficient Fluorescent Probe via an Intromolecular Charge Transfer for the Chemical Warfare Agent Mimic Diethylchlorophosphate Vapor Detection.

Sarin, used as chemical warfare agents (CWAs) for terrorist attacks, can induce a number of virulent effects. Therefore, countermeasures which could realize robust and convenient detection of sarin are in exigent need. A concise charge-transfer colorimetric and fluorescent probe (4-(6-(tert-butyl)pyridine-2-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline, TBPY-TPA) that could be capable of real-time and on-site monitoring of DCP vapor was reported in this contribution. Upon contact with DCP, the emission band red-shifted from 410 to 522 nm upon exposure to DCP vapor. And the quenching rate of TBPY-TPA reached up to 98% within 25 s. Chemical substances such as acetic acid (HAc), dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), pinacolyl methylphosphonate (PAMP), and triethyl phosphate (TEP) do not interfere with the detection. A detection limit for DCP down to 2.6 ppb level is remarkably achieved which is below the Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health concentration. NMR data suggested that a transformation of the pyridine group into pyridinium salt via a cascade reaction is responsible for the sensing process which induced the dramatic fluorescent red shift. All of these data suggest TBPY-TPA is a promising fluorescent sensor for a rapid, simple, and low-cost method for DCP detection, which could be easy to prepare as a portable chemosensor kit for its practical application in real-time and on-site monitoring.

Schiff Base Substituent-Triggered Efficient Deboration Reaction and Its Application in Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Detection.

The organic thin-film fluorescence probe, with the advantages of not polluting the analyte and fast response, has attracted much attention in explosive detection. Different with nitro explosives, the peroxide-based explosives are hardly to be detected because of their poor ultraviolet absorption and lack of an aromatic ring. As the signature compound of peroxide-based explosives, H2O2 vapor detection became more and more important. Boron ester or acid is considered to be a suitable functional group for the detection of hydrogen peroxide due to its reliable reactive activity. Its only drawback lies on its slow degradation velocity. In this work, we try to introduce some functional group to make the boron ester to be easily oxidized by H2O2. Herein, 4-(phenyl(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)amino)benzaldehyde (OTB) was synthesized and its imine derivatives, OTBXAs, were easily obtained just by putting OTB films in different primary amines vapors. OTBXAs show fast deboronation velocity in H2O2 vapor compared with OTB. The complete reaction time of (E)-N-phenyl-4-((propylimino)methyl)-N-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)aniline (OTBPA) was even shortened 40 times with a response time of seconds. The detection limit for H2O2 vapor was as low as 4.1 parts per trillion (ppt). Further study showed that it is a general approach to enhance the sensing performance of borate to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) vapor by introducing an imine into an aromatic borate molecule via a solid/vapor reaction.

Mangiferin regulates interleukin-6 and cystathionine-b-synthase in lipopolysaccharide-induced brain injury.

Mangiferin has been extensively applied in different fields due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the precise mechanism used by mangiferin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation has not been elucidated. Here, we discuss the potential mechanism of mangiferin during a LPS-induced brain injury. Brain injury was induced in ICR mice via intraperitoneal LPS injection (5 mg/kg). Open- and closed-field tests were used to detect the behaviors of mice, while immunoblotting was performed to measure the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cystathionine-b-synthase (CBS) in the hippocampus after mangiferin was orally administered (p.o.). Mangiferin relieved LPS-induced sickness 6 and 24 h after LPS injection; in addition, this compound suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 production after 24 h of LPS induction as well as the downregulation of LPS-induced CBS expression after 6 and 24 h of LPS treatment in the hippocampus. Therefore, mangiferin attenuated sickness behavior by regulating the expression of IL-6 and CBS.

Prognostic Models for Chronic Low Back Pain Outcomes in Primary Care Are at High Risk of Bias and Lack Validation-High-Quality Studies Are Needed: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an updated overview of available prognostic models for people with chronic low back pain (LBP) in primary care. DESIGN: Prognosis systematic review LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched for relevant studies on MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases (up to July 13, 2022), and performed citation tracking in Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: We included observational (cohort or nested case-control) studies and randomized controlled trials that developed or validated prognostic models for adults with chronic LBP in primary care. The outcomes of interest were physical functioning, pain intensity, and health-related quality of life at any follow-up time-point. DATA SYNTHESIS: Data were extracted using the CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS), and the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias of the models. Due to the number of studies retrieved and the heterogeneity, we reported the results descriptively. RESULTS: Ten studies (out of 5593 hits screened) with 34 models met our inclusion criteria, of which six are development studies and four are external validation studies. Five studies reported the area under the curve of the models (ranging from 0.48 to 0.84), whereas no study reported calibration indices. The most promising model is the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire Short-Form. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high risk of bias and lack of external validation, we cannot recommend that clinicians use prognostic models for patients with chronic LBP in primary care settings. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(5):1-13. Epub 15 February 2024. doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12081.

Moderators of treatment effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for patients with (sub) acute low back pain: Protocol for a systematic review with individual participant data meta-analysis.

A Cochrane review found that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are slightly more effective than placebo on acute and subacute low back pain (LBP) outcomes (pain intensity, disability, and global improvement). Our objectives are: (1) to assess the overall treatment effect of NSAIDs in adults with acute and subacute LBP; (2) to identify the moderation of baseline patients' characteristics on treatment effect. We will conduct a systematic search of RCTs on effectiveness of NSAIDs compared with placebo in adults with non-chronic LBP in Medline ALL, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials*. We will screen the records after January 2020, and include eligible RCTs before January 2020 screened by the Cochrane review mentioned above. Our primary outcomes are pain intensity, disability, and health-related quality of life, secondary outcomes are adverse events. Our IPD dataset will consist of the information on each eligible trial characteristics and included variables according to a predefined coding scheme. We will assess risk-of-bias of included RCTs with the Cochrane Risk Of Bias (RoB)-2 assessment tool. We will perform power calculations with closed-form solutions and prioritize a one-stage approach for IPD-MA. For reporting the results, we will adhere to the PRISMA-IPD statement.

Mobile phone addiction and academic burnout: the mediating role of technology conflict and the protective role of mindfulness.

With the rapid development of Internet technology, more and more college students are facing the threat of mobile phone addiction. However, the relationship and underlying mechanism between mobile phone addiction and academic burnout haven't been explored in depth. This study proves the mediating role of technology conflict and the moderating role of mindfulness in the relation between mobile phone addiction and academic burnout. 752 college students were recruited to complete the questionnaire of mobile phone addiction, technology conflict, mindfulness and academic burnout. Results showed that mobile phone addiction was significantly and positively associated with academic burnout, and this relationship could be mediated by technology conflict. Besides, the direct effect of mobile phone addiction on academic burnout and the indirect effect of technology conflict in this link were moderated by mindfulness. Both these two effects are stronger for college students with lower level of mindfulness. Our findings enrich our understanding of how and when mobile phone addiction was related to academic burnout. Educational professionals and parents should take timely measure to the academic burnout of college students suffering from mobile phone addiction, particularly for those with lower level of mindfulness.

Concentrated biogas slurry and biogas residue can improve the yield and quality of pepper.

The organic fertilizer (biogas slurry and biogas residues) was produced by the self-developed integrated device of "Pressure swirl / inclined plate sedimentation separation pretreatment (P/I) combined with ultrafiltration / reverse osmosis two stages membrane separation (UF/RO)". The paper focuses on the effect of concentrated biogas slurry and biogas residue produced by this technology on the yield and quality (vitamin C, soluble sugar, protein and nitrate content) of pepper as organic fertilizer compared with chemical fertilizer. The concentrated biogas slurry and biogas residue separated by this technology contained active substances such as N, P, K, trace elements and humic acids with stable composition and potential for good fertilization efficiency. The experiment of seed soaking for pepper sprouting confirmed the best effect of seed soaking with a concentration of 80% biogas slurry. Compared with chemical fertilizer treatment, the application of concentrated biogas slurry and biogas residue can improve the yield and quality of pepper, which is related to the nutrient elements in concentrated digestate. Meanwhile, the results of pepper cultivation trials show that the base fertilizer treatment of biogas residue is best with 2000kg/667m2 and foliar spraying of 75% biogas slurry. The results strongly demonstrate the great potential of the concentrated biogas slurry and biogas residue produced by the self-developed digestate concentration technology for pepper cultivation.

Direct Optical Patterning of Metal-Organic Frameworks via Photoacid-Induced Etching.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials constructed from organic linkers and inorganic building blocks. Coordinative competition labilizes some MOFs under harsh chemical conditions because of their weak bonding. However, instability is not always a negative property of a material. In this study, we demonstrated the use of the acidic lability of MOFs for direct optical patterning. The controllable acid release from the photoacid generator at the exposed area causes bond cleavage between the linkers and metal ions/clusters, leading to solubility changes and pattern formation after development. This process avoids redundant steps and possible contamination in traditional photolithography, while maintaining the original properties of patterned MOFs. The preserved porosity and crystallinity promoted the development of MOFs for gas sensors and solid displays.