COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF EIGHT DIFFERENT TOPICAL NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS ON REDUCING INTRAVITREAL INJECTION-INDUCED PAIN.

PURPOSE: To compare topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) efficacy on intravitreal injection-induced pain reduction and determine the most efficient topical NSAID. METHODS: This randomized-controlled study included 662 eyes of 662 patients. Based on the types of NSAID administered before intravitreal injection, eight subgroups were formed. In the control group, a sterile saline solution was applied instead of NSAIDs. The visual analog scale was used to assess pain scores after intravitreal injection. The visual analog scale scores were noted immediately and 6 hours following injection (sixth hour). RESULTS: Nepafenac 0.3%, nepafenac 0.1%, and bromfenac 0.09% had the lowest scores, immediately after and after 6 hours, with no significant differences. Diclofenac and ketorolac had higher visual analog scale scores than the first trio but lower scores than the control group. Flurbiprofen, pranoprofen, and indomethacin did not significantly affect immediate pain; however, at the sixth hour, the visual analog scale scores were significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: Nepafenac 0.3%, nepafenac 0.1%, and bromfenac 0.09% were the most effective NSAIDs for pain reduction. Although some NSAIDs did not have a significant effect on immediate pain, they all provided significant benefits at the sixth hour.

Evaluation of the effect of intravitreal injections on corneal epithelial, scleral and limbal region changes in diabetic retinopathy by AS-OCT.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of diabetic retinopathy and intravitreal injections on the corneal, limbal and scleral areas. METHODS: Patients with diabetes mellitus at different diagnosis and treatment levels were compared among themselves and with the control group in terms of corneal, limbal and scleral aspects with the help of anterior segment optical coherence tomography. In addition, clinical tests such as tear break-up time, Schirmer test-I and ocular surface disease index questionnaire were applied to the patients and the difference between the groups was investigated. RESULTS: When the groups were examined in terms of BUT, SCH-I and OSDI, there was a statistically significant difference between control group and diabetic group(p < 0.05). In the limbal region, all measurements are higher than in patients with diabetic eye involvement. Thinning was detected in the scleral area with intravitreal injection (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It should be known that DM may cause undesirable changes in the limbal region, and the importance of non-invasive detection with AS-OCT should not be forgotten. Since intravitreal injections for DME cause thinning of the sclera, it can cause various complications, and it may be recommended to change the quadrant in repetitive injection applications.

An innovation in glaucoma surgery: XEN45 gel stent implantation / Uma inovação na cirurgia de glaucoma: implante de endoprótese de gel XEN45

ABSTRACT Purpose: To report follow-up data for patients who underwent XEN45 gel stent implantation, a new method of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery. Methods: Fifteen eyes in fifteen patients who underwent XEN45 gel stent implantation surgery were investigated in the study. All patients were examined preoperatively and at the following postoperative time points: 1 day; 1 and 2 weeks; and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured via Goldmann applanation tonometry. Combined surgical procedures (XEN45 + phacoemulsification + intraocular lens) were performed in patients who that had cataracts in addition to glaucoma. Results: The mean IOP values were significantly lower than the preoperative values at all postoperative visits (p<0.001). In two patients, the IOP exceeded 20 mmHg 12 months after surgery. These IOP increases were controlled by medical therapy, and none of the patients needed another surgical procedure. Conclusion: XEN45 gel stent implantation is a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery that ensures the effective reduction of IOP. This new treatment modality also avoids the destructive complications encountered in other invasive surgical procedures. However, further studies with greater numbers of patients and longer follow-up periods are needed to clarify certain points.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar os dados de acompanhamento dos pacientes que apresentaram implante de endoprótese de gel XEN45, um novo método de cirurgia de glaucoma minimamente invasiva. Métodos: Foram investigados quinze olhos de quinze pacientes que tiveram cirurgia de implante de endoprótese de gel XEN45 no estudo. Todos os pacientes foram examinados no pré-operatório e nos seguintes pontos de tempo pós-operatório: 1 dia; 1 e 2 semanas; E 1, 2, 3, 6 e 12 meses. A pressão intraocular foi medida pela tonometria de aplanamento de Goldmann. Procedimentos cirúrgicos combinados (XEN 45 + facoemulsificação + lente intraocular) foram realizados nos casos que apresentavam catarata além do glaucoma. Resultados: Os valores médios de PIO foram significativamente menores em todas as visitas pós-operatórias quando comparados aos valores pré-operatórios (p<0,001). Em 2 casos, os valores da pressão intraocular foram superiores a 20 mmHg aos 12 meses pós-operatório. Estes aumentos da pressão intraocular foram controlados por terapia médica, e nenhum dos pacientes necessitou de outro procedimento cirúrgico. Conclusão: Implantação de endoprótese de gel XEN45 é uma cirurgia de glaucoma minimamente invasiva que garante a redução efetiva da pressão intraocular. Esta nova modalidade de tratamento também evita as complicações destrutivas encontradas em outros procedimentos cirúrgicos invasivos. No entanto, estudos adicionais com um maior número de pacientes e períodos de acompanhamento mais longos são necessários para esclarecer certos pontos.

Coexistence of optic pit and coloboma of iris, lens, and choroid: a case report / Coexistência de fosseta óptica e coloboma de íris, cristalino e coroide: um primeiro relato de caso

ABSTRACT A 42-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with a complaint of glare in both eyes. Biomicroscopic examination of both the eyes revealed iris and lens colobomas in the inferior quadrant. Fundus examination of the right eye revealed an oval and gray inferotemporal optic pit and two choroid colobomas in the inferior quadrant. In the left eye, two choroid colobomas were detected that were inferior to the optic nerve head. Furthermore, a 21-year-old man presented to our clinic for a routine ophthalmologic examination. Bilateral biomicroscopic examination was normal. Fundus examination of the left eye revealed an oval and gray inferotemporal optic pit and a choroid coloboma that was inferior to the optic nerve head. Here we describe optic pits co-occurring with iris, lens, and choroidal colobomas. On the basis of these cases, a defect in the closure of the embryonic fissure is the most plausible etiology of the optic pit.

RESUMO Uma mulher de 42 anos de idade foi internada em nossa clínica com queixa de ofuscamento em ambos os olhos. O exame biomicroscópico revelou coloboma de íris e cristalino no quadrante inferior em ambos os olhos. O exame de fundo do olho direito revelou um fosseta óptica oval e acinzentada na região inferotemporal e dois colobomas coroide no quadrante inferior. No olho esquerdo, dois colobomas de coroide foram detectados inferiormente à da cabeça do nervo óptico. Outro homem de 21 anos apresentou-se em nossa clínica para um exame oftalmológico de rotina. O exame biomicroscópico foi normal, bilateralmente. O exame de fundo do olho esquerdo revelou uma fosseta oval e acinzentada de nervo óptico óptico inferotemporal e um coloboma coroide inferior à cabeça do nervo óptico. Nestes relatos nós descrevemos fossetas ópticas ocorrendo simultaneamente com colobomas de íris, cristalino, e coroide. Com base nestes casos, o defeito no fechamento da fissura embrionária é uma provável etiologia da fosseta óptica.

The effects of delivery type and gender on intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in newborns / Os efeitos do tipo de parto e sexo sobre a pressão intraocular e espessura corneana central em recém-nascidos

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in newborns during the first 12 h of life. Methods: Forty-three newborns born by vaginal delivery (VD) and 30 newborns born by cesarean section (CS) were evaluated. IOP and CCT were measured using Tono-Pen and handheld pachymeter, respectively, at both the 5th minute after delivery and at the 12th h of life. Results: The mean IOP for the VD group was significantly higher than that of the CS group at both the 5th minute and 12th h (p =0.042 and p =0.018, respectively). In both groups, the IOP decreased by the 12th h, but the decrease was only significant for the CS group (p =0.020). The decrease in CCT over the 12 h was significant for both groups (p <0.001). In the VD and CS groups, the IOP values of the males were significantly higher than those of the females at the fifth minute only (p =0.024 and p =0.043, respectively). No other values were significantly different between the genders. Conclusions: Newborn IOP is affected by the mode of delivery and gender. A higher IOP was found in vaginally delivered newborns than in CS newborns for at least 12 h postpartum. CCT showed a significant decline within 12 h. Male newborns have significantly higher IOP values in the first minutes of life.

RESUMO Objetivos: Analisar a pressão intraocular (IOP) e a espessura corneana central (CCT) em recém-nascidos durante as primeiras 12 horas de vida. Método: Quarenta e três recém-nascidos nascidos por parto vaginal (VD) e 30 recém-nascidos nascidos após cesariana (CS) foram avaliados. IOP e CCT foram medidos com Tono-Pen e Handheld Pachymeter no quinto minuto após o parto e na décima segunda hora de vida. Resultados: A média de IOP para o grupo VD foi significativamente maior do que o grupo CS tanto no quinto minuto quanto na décima segunda hora (p=0,042, p=0,018, respectivamente). Em ambos os grupos, a IOP diminuiu na décima segunda hora, mas a redução foi significativa apenas para o grupo CS (p=0,020). A diminuição da CCT nas doze horas foi significativa para ambos os grupos (p<0,001). Nos grupos VD e CS os valores de IOP dos homens foram significativamente maiores do que das mulheres apenas no quinto minuto (p=0,024 e p=0,043, respectivamente). Outros valores não foram significativamente diferentes entre os sexos. Conclusões: A IOP em recém-nascidos é afetada pela via de parto e pelo sexo. A IOP é maior em recém-nascidos de parto normal durante pelo menos 12 horas. A CCT mostra queda significativa no prazo de 12 horas. Recém-nascidos do sexo masculino têm valores de IOP significativamente mais elevados nos primeiros minutos de vida.

Metallic corneal foreign bodies: an occupational health hazard / Corpos estranhos metálicos na córnea: um problema de saúde ocupacional

Purpose: To analyze the risk factors, outcomes, demographic characteristics, and attitudes of workers with metallic corneal foreign body (FB) injury. Methods: One hundred consecutive patients who presented with a metallic corneal FB to the eye clinic at Diyarbakir Training and Research Hospital were evaluated. The patients completed a questionnaire and were examined to determine features of the injury. Results: All patients were male. The mean age was 32.46 ± 1.03 years. Fiftyfive percent of the patients were unregistered workers, 59% were working in the metal industry sector, and 65% injuries resulted from metal cutting. Protective goggles were available in the workplace of 64% patients. However, 57% patients were not wearing goggles when the accident occurred, and 43% were injured despite goggle use. Most patients (52%) attempted to remove FBs by themselves. FBs were located in the central zone of the cornea in 16% patients. Rust marks remained after FB removal in 26% patients. Corneal scars from previous FB injuries were present in 58% patients. Only 8% workplaces provided compensation for physician visits for occupation related illnesses. Conclusions: Workplaces with a high risk for eye injuries should increase their protective measures, and educational programs should be implemented for both workers and occupational physicians. The government should enforce laws regarding unregistered workers in a better manner. .

Objetivo: Analisar os fatores de risco, resultados, características demográficas dos trabalhadores e atitudes em relação à lesão por corpo estranho metálico na córnea. Métodos: Foram avaliados cem pacientes consecutivos que se apresentaram com corpo estranho metálico na córnea à clínica oftalmológica do Diyarbakir Training and Research Hospital. Um questionário foi respondido e as características da lesão foram anotadas. Resultados: Todos os pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A idade média foi de 32,46 ± 1,03 anos. Cinquenta e cinco por cento dos pacientes eram trabalhadores não registrados. Cinquenta e nove por cento dos pacientes estavam trabalhando no setor da indústria metal, 65% das lesões resultaram de corte de metal. A presença de óculos de proteção no local de trabalho foi de 64%. Cinquenta e sete por cento dos pacientes não estavam usando óculos de proteção no momento do acidente, e 43% sofreram a lesão, apesar do uso óculos de proteção. Cinquenta e dois por cento dos pacientes tentaram remover o corpo estranho por si só. Dezesseis por cento dos corpos estranhos foram na zona central da córnea. Um depósito de ferrugem permaneceu após a remoção do corpo estranho em 26% dos pacientes. Cinquenta e oito por cento dos pacientes tinham cicatrizes na córnea por causa de lesões por corpo estranho anteriores. Os locais de trabalho que proporcionaram remuneração por visita médica relacionada à ocupação foram de apenas 8%. Conclusões: Locais de trabalho de alto risco devem ser detectados e medidas de proteção devem ser aumentadas. Os programas educacionais devem ser implementados para os trabalhadores e médicos do trabalho. As leis sobre trabalhadores sem carteira assinada ...