ABSTRACT
Total knee replacement (TKR) is currently the gold standard in the surgical management of degenerative knee diseases. It is a reliable operation with 95 % good results at 10 years after surgery. Aseptic loosening is the primary cause of TKR failure. It results from a periprosthetic osteolytic reaction secondary to the host's reaction to the wear particle of the prosthesis and responsible for an imbalance in osteoformation and osteolysis. Polyethylene (PE) is responsible for the majority of periprosthetic reactions but the release of metal particles may play an underestimated role with the risk of systemic manifestations. The first clinical signs appear on average 7 years after prosthesis placement. Radio-clinical assessment may be normal in the early stages. Infectious process must be systematically excluded before concluding to another type of complication.
L'arthroplastie par prothèse totale de genou (PTG) est actuellement l'intervention de référence dans la prise en charge chirurgicale des pathologies dégénératives du genou. C'est une opération fiable, avec 95 % de bons résultats à 10 ans de l'intervention. Le descellement aseptique représente la première cause d'échec d'une PTG. Il résulte d'une réaction ostéolytique périprothétique secondaire à la réaction de l'hôte aux particules d'usure de la prothèse, responsable d'un déséquilibre en ostéoformation et ostéolyse. Le polyéthylène (PE) est responsable de la majorité de ces réactions, mais la libération de particules métalliques pourrait jouer un rôle sous-estimé avec des risques de manifestations systémiques. Les premiers signes cliniques apparaissent en moyenne 7 ans après la mise en place de la prothèse. Le bilan radio-clinique peut être normal au stade débutant. Un processus infectieux doit systématiquement être exclu avant de conclure à un autre type de complication.
Subject(s)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee , Knee Prosthesis , Osteolysis , Humans , Polyethylene , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/adverse effects , Knee Prosthesis/adverse effects , Prosthesis Failure , Knee Joint , Osteolysis/etiologyABSTRACT
Locking intramedullary nails and locking plates are widely used. There is a lack of consensus about optimal surgical treatment. We compare these techniques. This retrospective study included 97 patients : 51 with nail, 46 with plate. Absolute and relative Constant-Murley scores and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) were used to assess postoperative function. Time of fracture union and complications were recorded. Two fragment fractures were preferentially treated by nails and 4 fragment fractures by plates. There is no difference for union except advantage for nails in 2 fragment fractures. The functional outcome is similar, relative Constant-Murley score is 72,7 ± 0,3 %, SST 6,7 ± 3,9 after nailing and relative Constant-Murley score is 65,4 ± 0,3 %, SST 6,0 ± 3,6 after plating. Number of complications is similar after plating (67,4 %) and nailing (62,7 %). We propose to promote nailing for 2 fragment fractures and treatment with plates for 4 fragment fractures. Three fragment fractures can be treated by both techniques.
L'ostéosynthèse par enclouage et par plaque sont répandus dans le traitement des fractures de l'humérus proximal. Il n'y a pas de consensus concernant le traitement chirurgical optimal. Nous avons comparé ces deux techniques. Cette étude rétrospective comprend 97 patients : 51 enclouages, 46 traitements par plaque. Les scores de Constant-Murley absolu et relatif et le Simple Shoulder Test (SST) ont été utilisés pour évaluer la fonction. Le temps de consolidation et les complications ont été évalués. Les fractures 2 fragments ont été préférentiellement enclouées et les 4 fragments traitées par plaque. Il n'y a pas de différence si ce n'est un temps de consolidation plus court après enclouage pour les fractures 2 fragments. Le résultat fonctionnel est similaire, le score de Constant-Murley relatif est de 72,7 ± 0,3 % et le SST de 6,7 ± 3,9 après enclouage. Le score de Constant-Murley relatif est de 65,4 ± 0,3 % et le SST 6,0 ± 3,6 après ostéosynthèse par plaque. Le nombre de complications est équivalent entre le traitement par plaque (67,4 %) et par clou (62,7 %). Nous proposons de favoriser l'ostéosynthèse par enclouage pour les fractures 2 fragments et par plaque pour les fractures 4 fragments. Les fractures 3 fragments peuvent être traitées selon le choix du chirurgien.
Subject(s)
Bone Nails , Shoulder Fractures , Bone Plates , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Shoulder Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Shoulder Fractures/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the standard surgical procedure for the treatment of severe hip osteoarthritis. THA can be subject to surgical and medical complications. One of the main expectations of our patients is to be able to resume all their daily activities. Preoperative planning of a THA is an essential step in the procedure. The reference method remains the 2D technique using «templates¼ positioned on an anteroposterior digital radiograph of the pelvis. It can also be done in 3D. In addition to the type and size of prosthetic components (cup, stem and prosthetic head), the planning allows the surgeon to restore the function through correction of any limb length and/or offset discrepancy, and soft tissue tensioning in order to reach the objectives set and to limit the risks of complications. In the opposite case, the surgeon exposes the patient to complications during or after surgery with probable negative consequences on the functional result. The positioning of the acetabular and femoral components is an important factor influencing the short- and long-term survival of THA. All patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty should have rigorous preoperative planning.
La prothèse totale de hanche (PTH) est l'intervention chirurgicale de référence dans le traitement de la coxarthrose sévère. La PTH peut s'accompagner de complications chirurgicales et médicales. Une des principales attentes de nos patients est de pouvoir reprendre l'ensemble de leurs activités quotidiennes. La planification préopératoire d'une PTH est une étape essentielle de l'intervention. La méthode de référence reste la technique en 2D utilisant des «calques¼ positionnés sur une radiographie digitalisée de bassin de face. Elle peut également être réalisée en 3D. Outre le choix du type et de la taille des composants (cupule, tige et tête prothétique), la planification permet de se poser les questions propres à chaque patient (restauration de la longueur du membre inférieur et de l'offset fémoral, ) afin d'atteindre les objectifs fixés et de limiter les risques de complication. Dans le cas contraire, le praticien expose le patient à des complications en per- ou post-opératoire, avec de probables conséquences péjoratives sur le résultat fonctionnel. Le positionnement du composant acétabulaire et du composant fémoral est un facteur important influençant la survie à court et à long termes d'une PTH. Tous les patients qui subiront une arthroplastie totale de la hanche doivent bénéficier d'une planification préopératoire rigoureuse.
Subject(s)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Hip Prosthesis , Osteoarthritis, Hip , Acetabulum , Hip Joint , Humans , Preoperative CareABSTRACT
Sacro-lumbar fusion must be carefully planned: to avoid alterations of the adjacent motion segments. This is a retrospective study to evaluate the fate of transitional segments at mid and long-term. The aim was to discuss the value of systematic preoperative MRI before spine fusion. The study group comprises 68 patients who sustained a lumbar or sacro-lumbar fusion for degenerative discopathy or spondylolysis with spondylolisthesis between January 2000 and December 2005. The preoperative evaluation included standard radiographs and MRI. Postoperative follow-up averaged 51 months and ranged from 6 to 121 months. 72% of the patients had no clinical or radiological complications, 18% developed mild lesions such as a moderate disk space narrowing or osteophyte formation and only 10% developed a significant adjacent motion segment alteration. The risk of degeneration increased with age, female sex, length of fusion and when the indication for fusion was a degenerative pathology. Compared with other studies, this work reports few true adjacent motion segment alterations because preoperative MRI allowed a better selection of the future adjacent segment.
Subject(s)
Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Preoperative Care , Spinal Fusion , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
A total hip arthroplasty may be damaged for multiple reasons. The deteriorations are not always detectable by clinical follow-up. The radiological analysis of prosthetic implants therefore appears to be the best index of the component's behaviour. The computerised methods allow to measure prosthesis migration values that were not detectable in the simple X-rays examination and provide information on the quality of the interfaces. The Software reveals early signs of the component's wear and migration which can have a predictive value relative to the long-term results of arthroplasties. They inform us about the stability of prosthetic components. There effectively seems to be a relation between the early migration of an implant and the risk of aseptic loosening in the long-term period; a precise study of the implant's migration during the first two years after implantation aims at obtaining earlier information which, without these techniques, can only be obtained after long-term clinical and radiological follow-up. These methods allows quicker selection of successful implants after a relatively short-term period. In the long-term, they contribute to improve the implant conception.
Subject(s)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Hip Joint/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Joint Prosthesis , Prosthesis Fitting , RadiographyABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to compare the manifestations of elbow stress due to repetitive valgus forces between the dominant and the non-dominant elbow in 40 uninjured elite team handball players using plain films, stress radiographs, ultrasound, and MRI examination. On comparative plain films generalized bony hypertrophy manifested by increased humeral diameter, and cortical hypertrophy of the humeral shaft of the dominant extremity was observed in all players. A significantly greater difference in medial joint space opening between stressed and unstressed elbows was measured in the dominant elbow compared with the non-dominant elbow (0.41 +/- 0.59 mm). The ultrasonographic findings showed statistically significant bilateral differences in the thickness of the flexor-pronator tendon (0.90 +/- 0.56 mm), extensor tendon (0.96 +/- 0.50 mm), triceps tendon (0.69 +/- 0.27 mm), and medial collateral ligament (0.47 +/- 0.24 mm): the values were systematically higher on the dominant side. US examination showed intra-articular effusions in 67% and small loose bodies in 33.3% of the players, exclusively in dominant elbows. MRI showed joint effusion in the same subjects as US, but loose bodies were only detected in half of the cases found by ultrasound. This study demonstrates that repetitive stress on the dominant extremities of handball players is responsible for physiologic and pathologic changes in the dominant elbow.