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1.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 43: e16, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31093240

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis among incarcerated populations. METHOD: A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. The MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases were searched for articles published from January 1997 to December 2016. The following search terms were used: ("tuberculosis"[MeSH] OR "tuberculosis"[TIAB]) AND ("prisons"[MeSH] OR "prisons"[TIAB]); or ("tuberculose" [DeCS] OU "tuberculose" [palavras] E "prisões" [DeCS] OU "prisões" [palavras]). The primary outcome was the prevalence of tuberculosis with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). In the metanalysis, variables associated with tuberculosis prevalence in incarcerated populations in the univariate analysis (P ≤ 0,20) were included in the final multivariate model. RESULTS: Based on the 29 studies included in the metanalysis, 2,163 prisoners with tuberculosis were identified. The combined prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners was 2% (95%CI: 0.02-0.02). The prevalence among prisoners from countries with tuberculosis prevalence of 0-24 per 100,000 general population was below 1% (95%CI = 0.00-0.00). In countries with overall tuberculosis prevalence of 25-99/100,000, the estimate among prisoners was 3% (95%CI = 0.02-0.04); and in countries with overall prevalence ≥ 300/100 thousand, the estimated prevalence among prisoners was 8% (95%CI = 0.05-0.11). CONCLUSION: The present results support the notion of a high prevalence of tuberculosis among incarcerated populations worldwide. The results also show a link between the prevalence of tuberculosis in the general and the prevalence of tuberculosis in prisons.


OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de tuberculosis en la población privada de libertad. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática con metanálisis. Se seleccionaron estudios publicados desde enero de 1997 hasta diciembre del 2016 en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO y LILACS. Los términos de búsqueda fueron ("tuberculosis"[MeSH] OR "tuberculosis"[TIAB]) AND ("prisons"[MeSH] OR "prisons"[TIAB]); o ("tuberculose" [DeCS] OU "tuberculose" [palavras] E "prisões" [DeCS] OU "prisões" [palavras]). El resultado principal fue la prevalencia de tuberculosis con un intervalo de confianza de 95% (IC95%). En el metanálisis, las variables asociadas con la prevalencia de la tuberculosis en la población privada de libertad en el análisis univariado (P ≤ 0,20) se incluyeron en el modelo final multivariado. RESULTADOS: Con base en los 29 estudios incluidos en el metanálisis, se detectaron 2 163 presos con tuberculosis. La prevalencia combinada de tuberculosis en los presos fue de 2% (IC95%: 0,02-0,02). La prevalencia de tuberculosis en presos de los países con prevalencia de 0 a 24 por 100.000 habitantes en la población general fue inferior a 1% (IC95% = 0,00-0,00). En los países con una prevalencia de tuberculosis de 25 a 99 por 100.000, la estimación fue de 3% (IC95% = 0,02-0,04); y en los países con prevalencia ≥ 300 por 100.000, de 8% (IC95% = 0,05-0,11). CONCLUSIÓN: El presente estudio reafirma la alta prevalencia de la tuberculosis en la población privada de libertad en el contexto mundial. Los resultados muestran además una conexión entre la prevalencia de la tuberculosis en la población general y la observada dentro de los presidios.

2.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis ; 89: 101869, 2022 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36115128

ABSTRACT

In the last decade a large outbreak of Yellow Fever (YF) has been observed in Brazilian Atlantic Forest region, traditionally a non-endemic area. In this scenario, the role of wild mammal species as YF reservoirs can be questioned, especially the hematophagous bat, Desmodus rotundus. So, the objective of this study was to analyze molecularly the presence of the YF virus (YFV) in hematophagous bats during a YF outbreak in Brazil. Twenty-one samples were collected from seven adult male hematophagous bats D. rotundus. As YFV is considered a viscerotropic and neurotropic virus, samples of liver, kidney and brain were collected and molecularly analyzed using the RT qPCR technique. The animals were captured according to ethical protocols during a YF outbreak in Brazil in 2017, from a region of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The results revealed that the analyzed tissue samples were not infected with the YFV. The negative results for this bat species allow us to infer that other animals may be reservoirs of this virus in this ecosystem and they probably have not been identified yet. Therefore, health surveillance actions are essential to monitor the role of wild animals in the YF dissemination in Brazilian Atlantic Forest and alert to the possibility of new geographic amplification of areas where YF occurs. This research encourages the new search about the role of wild animals on YFV transmission and reinforces the importance of epidemiological surveillance in the transmission of human infectious diseases.


Subject(s)
Chiroptera , Yellow Fever , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Ecosystem , Forests , Humans , Male , Yellow Fever/epidemiology , Yellow Fever/veterinary , Yellow fever virus/genetics
3.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 56(1): 11-6, 2010.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20339779

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to carry out, a discussion on the subject of bioethics and cadavers based upon a critic review of literature. METHODS: A review of literature, was made with a survey of articles between 1977 and 2007 in the sites 'Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde', PubMed and SciElo, utilizing the keywords: newly deceased patients, newly dead patients, simulators,. This was complemented by a critical evaluation of books published in the area of ethics and bioethics. RESULTS: The possibility to develop learning without orientation by a supervisor is doubtful.. The utilization of newly dead for learning invasive procedures is very frequent and seldom admitted. These procedures, are usually, carried out secretly, without the knowledge and consent of the family. The ethical aspects of these practices are not discussed in the practical medical education. CONCLUSION: It essential that the ethics of use of recent deceased become a necessary content of graduate education. Performance of these procedures by students should always be authorized by family members. The simulators meet the requirements of training. Discussions about the ethical and bioethical aspects cannot be separated from practical considerations during the students learning time.


Subject(s)
Bioethical Issues , Cadaver , Education, Medical/ethics , Students, Medical , Teaching/ethics , Attitude to Death , Dissection/education , Dissection/ethics , Humans , Teaching/methods
4.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 103(2): 609-612, 2020 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32524964

ABSTRACT

The newly discovered SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of COVID-19, including severe respiratory symptoms with an important lethality rate and high dissemination capacity. Considering the indigenous people of Brazil, it is feared that COVID-19 will spread to these communities, causing another stage of decimation. Despite advances in indigenous health care in the country, there are still many challenges due to the social vulnerability of this population, whose lands continue to be illegally exploited. Based on these considerations, this article discusses challenges in caring for the indigenous population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/ethnology , Pneumonia, Viral/ethnology , Population Groups , Betacoronavirus , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19 , Health Services, Indigenous , Humans , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , Vulnerable Populations
5.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 48(4): e110, 2024. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1576017

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Introdução: O processo formativo em que o profissional está inserido terá intensa relação com a forma como ele se colocará perante as situações do cotidiano de atuação, especialmente as que evidenciam conflitos bioéticos. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a formação ética dos profissionais atuantes em ambulatórios de tratamento conservador da doença renal crônica (DCR) e o conhecimento deles acerca dos conceitos, das correntes e das teorias bioéticos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa em que foram entrevistados 63 profissionais, incluindo médicos, nutricionistas, enfermeiros, psicólogos e assistentes sociais, atuantes nos ambulatórios de tratamento conservador da DRC de quatro serviços de formação de especialistas em nefrologia do Rio de Janeiro, entre março e setembro de 2022. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas pela técnica de Bardin. Resultado: Na análise das entrevistas, emergiram 28 categorias agrupadas em quatro eixos temáticos: estudo da ética; como e o que os profissionais aprendem sobre ética; relevância do estudo da ética na formação profissional; e estudo da ética em nefrologia. A avaliação do conhecimento dos profissionais acerca dos conceitos bioéticos evidenciou que apenas dois falaram de teorias bioéticas e conceitos específicos de ética. Conclusão: Evidenciaram-se desinteresse e pouca valoração do estudo da ética na formação do especialista em nefrologia, o que foi associado à dificuldade dos profissionais em compreender a importância da competência moral para uma prática médica efetiva, humanizada e de qualidade.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The training process in which the professional is inserted will have an intense relationship with the way they will face everyday situations, especially because they highlight bioethical conflicts. Objective: to evaluate the ethical training of professionals working in outpatient clinics providing conservative treatment to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and their knowledge of bioethical concepts, currents and theories. Method: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a qualitative approach in which 63 professionals were interviewed, including doctors, nutritionists, nurses, psychologists and social workers, working in CKD conservative treatment outpatient clinics in four training services for Nephrology specialists in Rio de Janeiro, between March and September 2022. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and verified using Bardin's technique. Result: In the analysis of the interviews, 28 categories emerged, grouped into four thematic axes: The Study of Ethics; How and what professionals learn about ethics; Relevance of the study of ethics in professional training; and the Study of ethics in Nephrology. The assessment of the professionals' knowledge about bioethical concepts showed that only 2 professionals spoke about bioethical theories and specific ethical concepts. The difficulty for professionals in understanding the importance of studying content that permeates the clinic is clear. Conclusion: There was a lack of interest and little appreciation of the study of ethics in the training of specialists in Nephrology, associated with the professionals' difficulty in understanding the importance of moral competence for effective, humanized and quality medical practice.

6.
Rev. bioét. (Impr.) ; 31: e3472PT, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559355

ABSTRACT

Resumo Os avanços tecnológicos da medicina perinatal contribuem para o cuidado e a manutenção da vida dos neonatos, entretanto a utilização demasiada da tecnologia está associada ao aumento de morbidades e sofrimento. Tendo em vista a bioética, esta revisão sistemática da literatura objetivou esclarecer como estão sendo ofertados os cuidados paliativos em neonatologia. Os resultados foram divididos em quatro categorias: 1) fragilidade curricular das especializações em neonatologia referente a cuidados paliativos e bioética; 2) inabilidade dos profissionais na comunicação com familiares; 3) exclusão dos familiares na tomada de decisão; e 4) necessidade de aprofundamento dos estudos e discussões acerca de cuidados paliativos perinatais, domiciliares e doação de órgãos neonatais. Concluiu-se que os cuidados paliativos contribuem para a qualidade de vida e de morte dos indivíduos, embora ainda seja um tabu no caso de neonatos.


Abstract Technological advancements in neonatology contribute to the care and maintenance of newborns' lives; however, its overuse is associated with increased morbidities and suffering. Having bioethics as its theoretical framework, this systematic literature review elucidates the provision of neonatal palliative care. Results analysis resulted in four categories: 1) poor inclusion of palliative care and bioethics in neonatal specialization curricula; 2) professionals' inability to communicate with family members; 3) exclusion of family members from decision-making; and 4) need for further studies and discussions regarding neonatal and home palliative care and organ donation. Palliative care contributes to people's quality of life and death, despite being taboo in the case of newborns.


Resumen Los avances tecnológicos en medicina perinatal contribuyen al cuidado y al mantenimiento de la vida de los neonatos, sin embargo, el uso excesivo de la tecnología se asocia a un incremento en la morbilidad y el sufrimiento. Desde la bioética, esta revisión sistemática de la literatura pretendió aclarar cómo se ofrecen los cuidados paliativos en neonatología. Los resultados se dividieron en cuatro categorías: 1) Deficiencias en los planes de estudios de las especialidades de neonatología respecto a los cuidados paliativos y la bioética; 2) Inhabilidad de los profesionales para comunicarse con los familiares; 3) Exclusión de los familiares en la toma de decisiones; y 4) Necesidad de más estudios y debates sobre los cuidados paliativos perinatales y domiciliarios, y la donación de órganos neonatales. Los cuidados paliativos contribuyen a la calidad de vida y de muerte de las personas, aunque siguen siendo tabú en el caso de los neonatos.

7.
FEMINA ; 51(1): 49-56, jan. 31, 2023. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1428683

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar os resultados apresentados sobre a relação entre COVID-19 e gravidez, com foco no desfecho fetal. Fontes dos dados: Foi realizada a busca de artigos publicados entre 1 de janeiro de 2020 e 1 de junho de 2021 nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase e Cochrane, utilizando os seguintes descritores: "coronavirus infections", "coronavirus disease 2019", "COVID-19", "fetal mortality" e "fetus mortality". Seleção dos estudos: Foram encontrados 99 artigos, sendo selecionados 28 artigos para leitura completa por meio dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Ao final, 14 artigos foram escolhidos para serem incluídos na presente revisão. Coleta de dados: Para a extração dos dados dos artigos selecionados, utilizou-se o instrumento validado por Ursi (2005), modificado para se adequar à demanda do tema em questão. Síntese dos dados: Encontrou-se que a infecção por COVID-19 aumentou a morbimortalidade das gestantes, principalmente aquelas que já possuíam algum fator de risco para a doença grave. Além disso, a maioria dos estudos mostrou uma taxa aumentada de nascimentos prematuros entre os filhos de mães infectadas. Não foram demonstrados resultados consistentes de aumento nas taxas de aborto, mortalidade fetal ou transmissão vertical. Conclusão: Ações de saúde devem priorizar o cuidado materno-fetal com o objetivo de prevenir a doença nas gestantes e acompanhar de forma mais cuidadosa aquelas infectadas pelo vírus, de forma a prevenir a morbimortalidade materna e a prematuridade, que são importantes marcadores de saúde pública.(AU)


Objective: To analyze the results presented on the relationship between COVID-19 and pregnancy, focusing on fetal outcome. Data sources: We searched for articles published between January 1, 2020 and June 1, 2021 in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases, using the following descriptors: "coronavirus infections", "coronavirus disease 2019", "COVID-19", "fetal mortality" and "fetus mortality". Selection of studies: 99 articles were found, and 28 articles were selected for full reading through inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the end, 14 articles were chosen to be included in this review. Data collection: To extract data from selected articles, the instrument validated by Ursi (2005) was used, modified to suit the demand of the topic in question. Data synthesis: It was found that COVID-19 infection increased the morbidity and mortality of pregnant women, especially those who already had some risk factor for severe disease. In addition, most studies have shown an increased rate of preterm births among children of infected mothers. No consistent results of increased rates of miscarriage, fetal mortality or mother-to-child transmission have been demonstrated. Conclusion: Health actions should prioritize maternal- fetal care in order to prevent the disease in pregnant women and more carefully monitor those infected with the virus, in order to prevent maternal morbidity and mortality and prematurity, which are important public health markers.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications , Fetal Mortality , Perinatal Mortality , COVID-19/complications , Databases, Bibliographic , Scientific and Technical Publications
8.
Rev. bioét. (Impr.) ; 31: e3613PT, 2023. tab
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550735

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este artigo analisa a importância que coordenadores dos cursos de odontologia brasileiros atribuem ao ensino da bioética e sua opinião sobre o perfil desejável para egressos desse curso. Trata-se de estudo exploratório, descritivo e transversal realizado com 130 coordenadores de cursos de odontologia brasileiros no qual foram realizadas análises descritivas e análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A grande maioria dos participantes atribui importância à bioética em diferentes situações e 23,8% deles consideram um perfil adequado o profissional com postura ética e humanizada, reflexivo e com competência técnica. A bioética está sendo inserida na matriz curricular dos cursos de odontologia, e a maioria dos coordenadores a considera importante em diferentes situações, mas nem todos os gestores entendem o que ela contempla.


Abstract This article analyzes the importance dentistry course coordinators attribute to bioethics teaching and their opinion on the expected graduate profile. An exploratory, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 130 coordinators of Brazilian dentistry courses. Data underwent descriptive analysis and Bardin's content analysis. Most participants attribute importance to bioethics teaching in different situations and 23.8% considered a professional with an ethical and humanized attitude, who is reflective and technically competent as a suitable profile. Dentistry courses are increasingly including bioethics in their curricula, and although most coordinators consider it important, not all understand its principles.


Resumen Este artículo analiza la importancia que los coordinadores de las carreras de Odontología en Brasil atribuyen a la enseñanza de la bioética y su opinión sobre el perfil deseable para los graduados de esta carrera. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y transversal, realizado con 130 coordinadores de las carreras de Odontología de Brasil en el que se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos y análisis de contenido de Bardin. La mayoría de los participantes considera que la bioética es importante en diferentes situaciones, y el 23,8% de ellos estiman que un profesional con actitud ética y humanizada, reflexivo y técnicamente competente es un perfil adecuado. La bioética se está incluyendo en el plan de estudios de las carreras de Odontología, y la mayoría de los coordinadores la consideran importante en diferentes situaciones, pero no todos los directores entienden su alcance.

9.
Article in English, French | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1532270

ABSTRACT

A formação dos profissionais de saúde segue em discussão há tempos ­ no Brasil e no mundo ­, assim como as mudanças dos paradigmas sanitários e dos modelos de cuidado em saúde. Com a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde e a implantação da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) como reorganizadores da atenção em saúde, brotam, neste cenário, questões e problemas bioéticos não vividos anteriormente no âmbito da prática de saúde hospitalar. Este artigo apresenta os resultados da realização de uma oficina de formação em bioética com a participação de 130 pessoas (128 profissionais da ESF no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, e dois convidados), promovida pela integração da universidade com o serviço de saúde local. Os referenciais utilizados incluíram o pluralismo metodológico, o trabalho em pequenos grupos, a aprendizagem significativa e o uso da arte para a construção das competências em bioética. Os resultados verificados foram otimistas quanto à efetividade da ação, tanto na ótica dos profissionais da ESF quanto dos participantes (facilitadores e docentes envolvidos), promovendo-se uma construção coletiva de saberes para a práxis.


The training of health professionals has been a point of discussion for a long time in Brazil and around the world, as well as changes in health paradigms and health care models. With the merger of the National Health System and the implementation of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) as organizer of health care, issues and problems emerged, which were not previously thought about in the context of health and hospital practice, mainly reflections on ethical and bioethical aspects. This paper presents the results of conducting a training workshop on bioethics with the participation of 130 people (128 FHS professionals in Viçosa, Minas Gerais and two guests), sponsored by the university's integration with the local health service, based on the use of methodological pluralism, small group work, learning and meaningful use of art for the construction of expertise in bioethics. Actual outcomes were optimistic about the effectiveness of the action, from the viewpoint of both the FHS professionals and participants (facilitators and professors involved), promoting a collective construction of knowledge for practice.


La formación de los profesionales de la salud es objeto de debate desde hace mucho tiempo - en Brasil y en el mundo -, así como los cambios de paradigmas y modelos de salud para el cuidado de la salud. Con la creación del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) y de la aplicación de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) como de reorganizadores cuidado de la salud, surgen, en este escenario, los problemas y las cuestiones de bioética que no se vivieron dentro de la práctica de la salud del hospital. Este artículo presenta los resultados de la realización de una capacitación sobre la bioética con la participación de 130 personas (128 profesionales de la ESF en Viçosa, Minas Gerais y dos invitados), promovido por la integración de la universidad con el servicio de salud local. Los puntos de referencia utilizados incluyen el pluralismo metodológico, el trabajo en pequeños grupos, el aprendizaje significativo y el uso del arte para la construcción de capacidades en bioética. Los resultados observados se mostraron optimistas acerca de la efectividad de la acción, tanto desde el punto de vista de los profesionales de la ESF, y los participantes (facilitadores y profesores involucrados), la promoción de una construcción colectiva de conocimiento a la práctica.

10.
Braz J Infect Dis ; 11(1): 174-5, 2007 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17625752

ABSTRACT

Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody has been successfully used to treat several self-immune diseases. The authors report the case of a 71 year-old female patient under the use of pegylated form of interferon á associated with ribavirin for the treatment of hepatitis C, who, after concluding the therapeutic program - negative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - developed a severe cutaneous vasculitis, receiving the diagnostic of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. Four sessions of plasmapheresis were prescribed along the period of 11 days, with no result. The choice made was to administer anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab), 375 mg/m(2), per week, during four consecutive weeks. One could observe fast recovery from the purpura, as well as total remission of urticaria.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Cryoglobulinemia/drug therapy , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Aged , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived , Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Cryoglobulinemia/chemically induced , Female , Hepatitis C/drug therapy , Humans , Interferon alpha-2 , Interferon-alpha/adverse effects , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects , Polyethylene Glycols/therapeutic use , Recombinant Proteins , Ribavirin/adverse effects , Ribavirin/therapeutic use , Rituximab , Treatment Outcome
11.
Rev. bioét. (Impr.) ; 30(4): 734-743, out.-dez. 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423040

ABSTRACT

Resumo Por meio de estudo descritivo, exploratório e transversal, objetivou-se avaliar a inserção da disciplina bioética na matriz curricular de cursos de odontologia brasileiros. Com dados coletados entre dezembro de 2021 e janeiro de 2022 nos sites das 430 instituições que divulgavam informações sobre o curso, realizou-se análise exploratória visando obter estatísticas descritivas de variáveis categóricas e contínuas. Os resultados apontaram que a descrição introdutória de 245 cursos (57%) fazia referência à formação humanista, crítica e reflexiva, e/ou enfatizava a presença de disciplina de bioética. Além disso, 345 cursos (80,2%) disponibilizavam as matrizes curriculares e em 139 (40,3%) destas havia disciplinas com a nomenclatura "bioética", ministradas principalmente nos dois primeiros anos (69%). Conclui-se que, apesar de as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Odontologia orientarem para uma formação com condutas pautadas nos princípios éticos/bioéticos, em menos da metade das matrizes curriculares avaliadas constava disciplina de bioética.


Abstract A descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of bioethics in the curricula of Brazilian dental schools. Data collected between December 2021 and January 2022 from the websites of the 430 institutions that disclosed information about the program, underwent exploratory analysis to obtain descriptive statistics of categorical and continuous variables. Results showed that the introductory description of 245 courses (57%) referred to humanistic, critical and reflective education, and/or emphasized the presence of a bioethics discipline. Of the 345 curricula (80.2%) available, 139 (40.3%) had disciplines with "bioethics" on their name, taught mainly in the first two years (69%). Thus, although the National Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Dentistry postulate an education based on ethical/bioethical principles, less than half of the curriculums evaluated included a bioethics discipline.


Resumen Desde un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y transversal, se evaluó la inclusión de la asignatura de la bioética en el plan de estudios de Odontología en Brasil. Se recopilaron los datos entre diciembre de 2021 y enero de 2022 en la página web de 430 instituciones, y se aplicó un análisis exploratorio para obtener estadísticos descriptivos de variables categóricas y continuas. Los resultados mostraron que 245 carreras (57%) describían la formación humanista, crítica y reflexiva, y/o señalaba la presencia de la asignatura de bioética. Además, 345 carreras (80,2%) ponían a disposición sus planes de estudio, y 139 (40,3%) de estas presentaban asignaturas con el nombre "bioética", que eran impartidas en los dos primeros años del curso (69%). Aunque las Directrices Curriculares Nacional de la Licenciatura en Odontología preconizan la formación basada en principios éticos/bioéticos, menos de la mitad de los planes de estudio contaba con una asignatura de bioética.


Subject(s)
Teaching , Bioethics , Dentistry
12.
Asian Pac J Trop Med ; 10(11): 1019-1029, 2017 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29203096

ABSTRACT

Meningococcal disease is the acute infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, which has humans as the only natural host. The disease is widespread around the globe and is known for its epidemical potential and high rates of lethality and morbidity. The highest number of cases of the disease is registered in the semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa. In Brazil, it is endemic with occasional outbreaks, epidemics and sporadic cases occurring throughout the year, especially in the winter. The major epidemics of the disease occurred in Brazil in the 70's caused by serogroups A and C. Serogroups B, C and Y represent the majority of cases in Europe, the Americas and Australia. However, there has been a growing increase in serogroup W in some areas. The pathogen transmission happens for respiratory route (droplets) and clinically can lead to meningitis and sepsis (meningococcemia). The treatment is made with antimicrobial and supportive care. For successful prevention, we have some measures like vaccination, chemoprophylaxis and droplets' precautions. In this review, we have described and clarify clinical features of the disease caused by N. meningitidis regarding its relevance for healthcare professionals.

13.
Cien Saude Colet ; 21(5): 1481-90, 2016 May.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27166897

ABSTRACT

The Family Health Strategy (FHS) started out as the Family Health Program (FHP) in 1994, and has since has been re-thought and re-worked in Brazil as the primary rationale for reorganizing Primary Healthcare (PHC). Transforming the hegemonic PHC into FHS has resulted in many changes in how healthcare is provided, which have impacted different areas. For example, matters of (bio)ethics must still be elucidated. Within this context, this investigation is characterized as an exploratory study focused on mapping the main (bio)ethical problems identified by PHC workers in the city of Rio de Janeiro. For this reason, we used a questionnaire and asked Family Clinic (FC) healthcare professionals to answer it. The answers were submitted to content analysis as proposed by Bardin. PHC in the context of Family Clinics has unique elements in terms of the (bio)ethical relationships established in this level of healthcare. It is extremely necessary that new theoretical references be proposed, and that education/training measures to address such issues be developed.


Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care Facilities/ethics , Bioethical Issues , Family Health , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Adolescent , Adult , Ambulatory Care Facilities/organization & administration , Brazil , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Primary Health Care/ethics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young Adult
15.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo ; 47(2): 117-8, 2005.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15880227

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to investigate the detection percentage of tuberculosis among patients that are respiratory symptomatic (TB suspects). In this work, we present the preliminary results of research carried out at "Hospital das Clínicas de Teresópolis Costantino Ottaviano da Fundacao Educacional Serra dos Orgãos (FESO)" from November 2003 to April 2004. Among the 40 respiratory symptomatic individuals identified and referred to the Tuberculosis Control Program in Teresópolis , two (5.0%) were characterized as smear-positive. These results confirm reports in the literature and underscore the need for and importance of this strategy.


Subject(s)
Mass Screening/methods , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Brazil , Emergency Service, Hospital , Female , Humans , Male , Sputum/microbiology
16.
Rev. Bras. Med. Fam. Comunidade (Online) ; 15(42): 2036-2036, 20200210. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Coleciona SUS (Brazil) | ID: biblio-1095970

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar se os cirurgiões-dentistas, que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) da Microrregião de Saúde de Viçosa-MG, Brasil, identificariam os problemas bioéticos narrados em um caso fictício apresentado e como lidariam como os mesmos em sua prática profissional. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quanti-qualitativo, realizado através da aplicação de questionário semiestruturado a 48 odontólogos da microrregião. Foram realizadas (i) análise descritiva e (ii) análise de conteúdo de Laurence Bardin. Resultados: Na situação clínica apresentada, 85,4% dos participantes identificaram algum problema bioético, sendo a quebra de sigilo a mais relatada (59,6%). Entretanto, quando questionados sobre qual atitude tomariam, 50,0% dos entrevistados também quebrariam o sigilo em situação análoga. Conclusão: As dificuldades para o embasamento bioético na tomada de decisão, observadas nesse estudo, reafirmam a necessidade de implementação de ações de educação permanente para auxiliar os profissionais no reconhecimento e na correta deliberação frente aos problemas éticos que ocorrem na APS.


The objective of this study was to analyze if the dentist surgeons working in the Primary Health Care (PHC) of the Health Service of the micro-region of Viçosa-MG, Brazil, would identify the bioethical problems described in the fictitious case presented and how they would deal with them in their professional practice. Methods: The study is quantitative and qualitative, conducted through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire to 48 dentists of the micro-region. A (i) descriptive analysis, and a (ii) content analysis according Laurence Bardin, were performed. Results: In the clinical situation presented, 85.4% of the participants identified a bioethical problem, with breach of confidentiality being the most reported (59.6%), however, when questioned about what their choice would be, 50.0% of the respondents would choose to break confidentiality as well. Conclusion:The lack of a bioethical foundation in decision making, observed in this study, reaffirms the need to implement permanent educational actions to assist these professionals in recognizing and in correctly determining the bioethical problems which eventually occur.


El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si los cirujanos dentistas que trabajan en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) del Servicio de Salud de la micro-región de Viçosa-MG, Brasil, identificarían los problemas bioéticos descritos en el caso ficticio presentado y cómo iban a tratarlo en su práctica profesional. Métodos: El estudio es de tipo cuantitativo y cualitativo, realizado mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario semi-estructurado a 48 dentistas de la micro-región. El un análisis descriptivo y el análisis de contenido fueron llevados a cabo. Resultados: En la situación clínica presentada, el 85,4% de los participantes identificaron un problema bioético, con violación de la confidencialidad siendo el más informado (59,6%), sin embargo, cuando se le preguntó acerca de lo que su opción sería, el 50,0% de los encuestados elegiría romper la confidencialidad. Conclusión: La necesidad de implementar acciones de educación permanente para ayudar a estos profesionales en el reconocimiento y en determinar correctamente los problemas bioéticos que eventualmente ocurren, fue encontrado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Primary Health Care , Bioethics , Confidentiality , Dentists
17.
Rev. Bras. Med. Fam. Comunidade (Online) ; 15(42): 1957-1957, 20200210. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Coleciona SUS (Brazil) | ID: biblio-1053089

ABSTRACT

A Residência Médica (RM) é considerada o padrão-ouro em termos da especialização médica no país. A bioética integra o rol de disciplinas obrigatórias para a formação em nível de RM, merecendo destaque pela (i) crescente complexidade do trabalho em saúde e (ii) incipiente abordagem dos problemas éticos na formação dos profissionais da saúde. Com base nestas considerações, foi desenhada a primeira "Oficina de Formação em Bioética e Atenção Primária à Saúde", para o Programa de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade do Município do Rio de Janeiro (PRMFC-SMS-RJ), com o objetivo de fomentar o debate sobre os aspectos bioéticos da prática profissional na Atenção Primária à Saúde/Estratégia Saúde da Família (APS/ESF). O escopo do presente artigo é relatar a experiência e contribuir para as discussões sobre a necessária abordagem dos conflitos éticos para a excelência do cuidado em saúde na APS/ESF.


The Medical Residency (MR) is considered the golden standard in terms of medical specialization in the country. Bioethics incorporates the list of compulsory subjects for the RM level qualification, noteworthy for the (i) increasing complexity of the work in health care and (ii) its incipient approach to the ethical problems in the formation of health professionals. Based on these considerations, the first "Graduation in Bioethics and Primary Health Care Workshop" was designed for the Internship Program in Medicine of Family and Community in the county of Rio de Janeiro (FCHRP-MSH-RJ). The objective of this workshop was to foster the debate on the aspects of bioethics in the professional practice of Primary Health Care/Family Health Strategy (PHC/FHS). The scope of the present article attempts to present the experience and contribute to discussions about the necessary address of ethical conflicts for the excellence of health care in the PHC/FMS


La Residencia Médica (RM) es considerada el estándar de oro en términos de la especialización médica en Brasil. La bioética integra el rol de disciplinas obligatorias para la formación a nivel de RM, mereciendo destaque por la (i) creciente complejidad del trabajo en salud y (ii) el incipiente abordaje de los problemas éticos en la formación de los profesionales de la salud. Con base en estas consideraciones, fue diseñada la primera "Taller de Formación en Bioética y Atención Primaria a la Salud", para el Programa de Residencia en Medicina de Familia y Comunidad del Municipio de Río de Janeiro (PRMFC-SMS-RJ), con el objetivo de fomentar el debate sobre los aspectos bioéticos de la práctica profesional en la Atención Primaria a la Salud/Estrategia Salud de la Familia (APS/ESF). El alcance del presente artículo es relatar la experiencia y contribuir a las discusiones sobre el necesario enfoque de los conflictos éticos para la excelencia del cuidado en salud en la APS/ESF.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Bioethics , Family Health , Education, Medical , Internship and Residency
18.
Rev. patol. trop ; 49(4)2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1152188

ABSTRACT

The current pandemic of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-19), caused by the pathogen SARSCoV-2, leading to thousands of deaths in 2020, has mobilized the scientific community, with the purpose of understanding the different aspects of the disease and proposing new treatment and prevention measures. Research carried out in several areas includes evaluating the possibility of using hyperimmune globulin and monoclonal antibodies against SARS CoV-2 as well as analyzing the viability and efficacy of monoclonal antibodies and hyperimmune globulin in combating Sars-CoV-2. A literature review was carried out with a defined search strategy using the keywords (i) "hyperimmune globulin", (ii) "monoclonal antibody", (iii)" covid-19" and (iv)" sars-cov-2", in the PubMed and ResearchGate databases, using the bibliographic references of the articles selected in these databases. Of the 187 citations obtained, 10 articles published between 2019 and 2020 were selected after reading the summary of each one and determining its compatibility with the objective of this study. Final considerations highlight the main challenges and the feasibility of using hyperimmune globulin and monoclonal antibodies for the treatment/prevention of SARS CoV-2 infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections , Betacoronavirus , Globulins , Antibodies, Monoclonal
19.
Rev. enferm. Cent.-Oeste Min ; 10(1): 4079, out. 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1147481

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Descrever a construção e validação de um checklist, para paramentação e desparamentação dos equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI), pelos profissionais de saúde para a prevenção da autocontaminação por agentes infectocontagiosos como o SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: Pesquisa metodológica em três etapas: 1) elaboração de um checklist dos EPI para paramentação e desparamentação; 2) validação por comitê de especialistas; 3) validação em grupo focal. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados. Foram considerados válidos os itens do checklist com concordância superior a 80% pelos especialistas e 100% pelo grupo focal. Resultados: O checklist foi organizado, em três momentos: antes da paramentação, durante a paramentação e durante a desparamentação. Contém itens sobre higienização das mãos, avaliação da integridade dos EPI, colocação e remoção dos EPI e descarte seguro dos mesmos. A versão 1 do checklist dos EPI foi validada por 20 especialistas e obteve concordância superior a 80%. Quatro enfermeiras e dois médicos infectologistas analisaram a versão 1, em um grupo focal e concordaram com a inclusão das sugestões dos especialistas, na versão final do instrumento. Conclusão: O estudo possibilitou a construção e validação de um checklist de itens para orientar a paramentação e desparamentação dos EPI e a inclusão de melhorias no instrumento.(AU)


Objective: to describe the elaboration and validation of a checklist for donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) by health professionals to prevent self-contamination by infectious agents, such as SARS-CoV-2. Methods: This is a three-stage methodological research : 1) preparation of a checklist for PPE donning and doffing procedures ; 2) validation by an expert committee; 3) focus-group validation. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed. The checklist items were considered valid by more than 80% of specialists and 100% by the focus group. Results: The PPE checklist was subdivided into three moments: before and during putting on the PPE, and during its removal. It contains items on hand hygiene, evaluation of PPE integrity, PPE donning and doffing and its safe disposal. Version 1 was validated by 20 specialists and was agreed upon by over 80%. Four nurses and two doctors of infectiology analyzed the first version in a focus group, and agreed on the inclusion of the specialists' suggestions to the final version of the instrument. Conclusion: The study enabled the elaboration and validation of a checklist for donning and doffing PPE and the inclusion of improvements to the instrument. (AU)


Objetivo: describir la construcción y validación de una lista de verificación de equipos de protección personal (EPP) que se deben poner y quitar los profesionales de la salud para prevenir la autocontaminación por agentes infecciosos, como el SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: investigación metodológica: 1) elaboración de una lista de verificación de EPP para ponerse y quitarse el equipo; 2) aprobación por un comité de expertos; 3) aprobación de grupos focales. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo. Se consideraron válidos los ítems con más del 80% de acuerdo por parte de los especialistas y 100% por el grupo focal. Resultados: la lista se subdividió en: antes, durante la colocación del EPP y durante su extracción. Contiene elementos sobre higiene de manos, evaluación de la integridad del EPP, colocación y retirada segura del EPP. La versión 1 de la lista fue aprobada por 20 especialistas y obtuvo una concordancia superior al 80%. Cuatro enfermeras y dos médicos analizaron la versión 1 en un grupo focal y acordaron incluir las sugerencias de los expertos en la versión final del instrumento. Conclusión: el estudio permitió la construcción y aprobación de un checklist de ítems para orientar la colocación y remoción del EPP y la inclusión de mejoras en el instrumento(AU)


Subject(s)
Occupational Risks , Occupational Health , Nursing , Coronavirus Infections , Personal Protective Equipment
20.
Tempus (Brasília) ; 14(2): 121-135, abri. 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1426204

ABSTRACT

A investigação dos problemas bioéticos na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) permanece, ainda, como tema negligenciado nas publicações acadêmicas contemporâneas, a despeito das candentes questões que se apresentam nessa esfera da atenção à saúde. Nesse âmbito, elementos atinentes à relação entre usuários e profissionais de saúde ganham relevância. O estudo dessa temática é mote do presente artigo, no qual são apresentados resultados obtidos junto aos profissionais da ESF do município de Viçosa/MG, durante a realização de oficina de formação em bioética e Atenção Primária à Saúde ­ enfatizando as conversações sobre o sigilo, a privacidade e a confidencialidade ­ desenvolvidas ao longo do processo pedagógico. (AU)


The investigation of bioethical issues in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) still remains a neglected theme in contemporary scholarly literature, despite the pressing issues that arise in this sphere of health care. In this context, elements related to the relationship between users and health professionals gain relevance. The study of this theme is the mote of this article, in which results obtained from FHS professionals in the county of Viçosa/MG, while they trained and attended a workshop on bioethics and Primary Health Care, are presented ­ emphasizing conversations regarding secrecy, privacy and confidentiality developed throughout the educational process. (AU)


La investigación de las cuestiones de bioética en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF) todavía permanece como tema descuidado en las publicaciones académicas contemporáneas, a pesar de los temas candentes que se plantean en esta esfera de la atención a la salud. En este contexto, sobre la relación entre los usuarios y profesionales de la salud se convierten en elementos más importantes. El estudio de este tema es el tema de este artículo, en el que los resultados obtenidos se presentan junto a los profesionales de la ESF de la ciudad de Viçosa/MG, mientras la realización de la formación en bioética y taller de formación primaria de salud ­ haciendo hincapié en las conversaciones sobre el secreto, la privacidad y confidencialidad ­ desarrollado durante el proceso educativo. (AU)


Subject(s)
Bioethics , Family Health , Education
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