ABSTRACT
Sankyo, one of Aikido's strongest martial art techniques for peacefully subduing an attacker, produces pain in the hand, wrist, and forearm. Specific target muscles, tendons, and ligaments are identified through an investigation of Sankyo's expert application to two anatomists and a male cadaver.
Subject(s)
Martial Arts/physiology , Pain/physiopathology , Adult , Elbow/physiology , Female , Forearm/innervation , Humans , Male , Nociceptors/physiology , Pain Threshold/physiology , Postural Balance/physiology , Wrist/innervationABSTRACT
In this anatomical analysis the authors examined Gokyo, Aikido's Fifth Teaching. Using their cadaver/anatomist-observer model, the authors observed that tissues manipulated by the technique were primarily on the dorsal side of the wrist, proximal to the second metacarpal. The source of the pain was thought to involve the manipulation of the wrist joints and associated carpometacarpal ligaments. Locations of the manipulated tissue and sources of pain associated with that tissue, and their limited practical application were discussed.