Analysis of m6A methylation in skin tissues of different sex Liaoning cashmere goats.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most frequent internal modification of mRNA and lncRNA in eukaryotes. We used two high-throughput sequencing method, m6A-seq and RNA-seq to identify pivotal m6A-modified genes in cashmere fineness and fiber growth. 8062 m6A peaks were detected by m6A-seq, including 2157 upregulated and 6445 downregulated. Furthermore, by comparing m6A-modified genes of the male Liaoning Cashmere Goat (M-LCG) and female Liaoning Cashmere Goat (F-LCG) skin tissues, we get 862 differentially expressed m6A-modified genes. To identify differently expressed m6A genes associated with cashmere fineness, 11 genes were selected for validation using real time fluorescent quantitative PCR in M-LCG and F-LCG. This study provides an acadamic basis on the molecular regulation mechanism of m6A modification in cashmere growth process.

Value of refined care in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND: Under physiological conditions, sputum produced during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) can move passively with the cilia in the airway; the sputum is gradually excreted from the depth of the airways through the stimulation of the coughing reflex on the sensory nerve on the surface of the airway. However, when the sputum is thick, the cough is weak, or the tracheal cilia are abnormal, sputum accumulation may occur and affect the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lung. Furthermore, the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in sputum may cause or aggravate the symptoms of pulmonary infection in patients, which is the main factor leading to AECOPD. Therefore, promoting effective drainage of sputum and maintaining airway opening are key points requiring clinical attention. AIM: To explore the effect of refined nursing strategies in patients with AECOPD and dysphagia. METHODS: We selected 126 patients with AECOPD and difficulty of expectoration at our hospital, and divided them into a refined care group and a routine care group, with 63 cases each, using a random number table. The two groups of patients were treated with expectorant, anti-infection, oxygen inhalation, and other basic treatment measures; patients in the refined care group were given refined nursing intervention during hospitalization, and the routine care group received conventional nursing intervention. The differences in sputum expectoration, negative pressure suction rate, blood gas parameters, dyspnea score measured through the tool developed by the Medical Research Council (MRC), and quality of life were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: After 7 d of intervention, the sputum expectoration effect of the refined care group was 62.30%, the effective rate was 31.15%, and the inefficiency rate was 6.56%. The sputum expectoration effect of the routine care group was 44.07%, the effective rate was 42.37%, and the inefficiency rate was 13.56%. The refined care group had better sputum expectoration than the routine care group (P < 0.05). The negative pressure suction rate in the refined care group was significantly lower than that of the routine care group during the treatment (22.95% vs 44.07%, P < 0.05). Before the intervention, the arterial oxygen saturation (PaO2) and arterial carbon dioxide saturation (PaCO2) values were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05); the PaO2 and PaCO2 values in the refined care group were comparable to those in the routine care group after 7 d of intervention (P > 0.05). Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the MRC score between the two groups (P > 0.05); the MRC score of the refined care group was lower than that of the routine care group after 7 d of intervention, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Before intervention, there was no significant difference in the symptoms, activities, disease impact, or St. George's Respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) total scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 7 days of intervention, the symptoms, activities, and total score of SGRQ of the refined care group were higher than those of the routine care group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: AECOPD with thick sputum, weak coughing reflex, and abnormal tracheal cilia function will lead to sputum accumulation and affect the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lung. Patients with AECOPD who have difficulty expectorating sputum may undergo refined nursing strategies that will promote expectoration, alleviate clinical symptoms, and improve the quality of life.

Comprehensive analysis of circRNAs from cashmere goat skin by next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).

Circular RNA (circRNA) is endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) with a covalently closed circular structure. It is mainly generated through RNA alternative splicing or back-splicing. CircRNA is known in the majority of eukaryotes and very stable. However, knowledge of the circRNA involved in regulating cashmere fineness is limited. Skin samples were collected from Liaoning cashmere goats (LCG) and Inner Mongolia cashmere goats (MCG) during the anagen period. For differentially expressed circRNAs, RNA sequencing was performed, and the analysis led to an identification of 17 up-regulated circRNAs and 15 down-regulated circRNAs in LCG compared with MCG skin samples. In order to find the differentially expressed circRNAs in LCG, we carried out qPCRs on 10 candidate circRNAs in coarse type skin of LCG (CT-LCG) and fine type skin of LCG (FT-LCG). Four circRNAs: ciRNA128, circRNA6854, circRNA4154 and circRNA3620 were confirmed to be significantly differential expression in LCG. Also, a regulatory network of circRNAs-miRNAs was bioinformatically deduced and may help to understand molecular mechanisms of potential circRNA involvement in regulating cashmere fineness.

m6A Methylation Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Skin Tissues of Coarse and Fine Type Liaoning Cashmere Goats.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common internal modification in mRNAs of all higher eukaryotes. Here we perform two high-throughput sequencing methods, m6A-modified RNA immunoprecipitation sequence (MeRIP-seq) and RNA sequence (RNA-seq) to identify key genes with m6A modification in cashmere fiber growth. A total of 9,085 m6A sites were differentially RNA m6A methylated as reported from by MeRIP-seq, including 7,170 upregulated and 1,915 downregulated. In addition, by comparing m6A-modified genes between the fine-type Liaoning cashmere goat (FT-LCG) and coarse-type Liaoning Cashmere Goat (CT-LCG) skin samples, we obtain 1,170 differentially expressed genes. In order to identify the differently methylated genes related to cashmere fiber growth, 19 genes were selected to validate by performing qRT-PCR in FT-LCG and CT-LCG. In addition, GO enrichment analysis shows that differently methylated genes are mainly involved in keratin filament and intermediate filament. These findings provide a theoretical basis for future research on the function of m6A modification during the growth of cashmere fiber.