Facial emotion recognition function and white matter microstructural alterations in drug-naive, comorbidity-free autism.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder have deficits in facial emotion recognition and white matter microstructural alterations. Nonetheless, most previous studies were confounded by different variables, such as psychiatric comorbidities and psychotropic medications used by ASD participants. Also, it remains unclear how exactly FER deficits are related to white matter microstructural alterations in ASD. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the FER functions, white matter microstructure, and their relationship in drug-naive and comorbidity-free ASD individuals. 59 ASD individuals and 59 typically developed individuals were included, where 46 ASD and 50 TD individuals completed FER tasks. Covariance analysis showed scores were lower in both basic and complex FER tasks in the ASD group. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics showed FA values in widespread white matter fibers were lower in the ASD group than in the TD group, including forceps major and forceps minor of the corpus callosum, anterior thalamic radiation, corticospinal tract, cingulum, inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus. Moreover, in the TD group but not the ASD group, the performance in the complex FER task was negatively correlated with the FA value in some white matter fibers, including forceps major of the corpus callosum, ATR, CT, cingulum, IFOF, ILF, SLF. Our study suggests children with ASD may experience deficits in facial emotion recognition and exhibit alterations in white matter microstructure. More importantly, our study indicates that white matter microstructural alterations may be involved in FER deficits in children with ASD.

[A Review of Comparative Studies on Exposure Levels of Air Pollutants Among Different Modes of Transportation in China's Cities].

Urban traffic is closely related to the daily life of the public,and air pollution in the traffic microenvironment has become a public health problem that cannot be ignored.This paper reviews the comparative studies of air pollutant exposure levels among different modes of transportation in multiple cities in China.By comparing the exposure levels of pollutants among different modes of transportation,this paper provides a reference for protecting the health of the public in daily transportation and selecting targeted control measures.

A fatal case of neonatal viral sepsis caused by human parainfluenza virus type 3.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by severe infection in children, but cases of sepsis associated with human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) have been rarely reported in newborns. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of HPIV-3 positive full-term newborn admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Beijing Children's Hospital due to hematuria, gloomy spirit, inactivity and loss of appetite for 6 h. He had septic shock when he arrived the Accident & Emergency Department requiring immediate intubation and mechanical ventilation. Intravenous antibiotics were started. He had completely negative response to all anti-shock treatments including fluid resuscitation and vasopressor supports, and died 14 h later. Viral nucleic acid detection and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analyses of nasopharyngeal aspirate and blood specimens verified an HPIV-3 infection, with negative bacterial culture results. The HPIV-3 strain detected in this patient was subtyped as HPIV C3a, and two unreported amino acid mutations were found in the HN protein region. CONCLUSION: The patient had a severe infection associated with HPIV-3, which was the cause of sepsis and septic shock. This study showed the diagnostic value of mNGS in etiological diagnosis, especially in severe neonatal case.

Theoretical and experimental investigations of enhanced uranium(VI) adsorption using a nitrogen doping strategy.

With the ongoing development and utilization of nuclear energy, uranium pollution has become an increasingly serious issue. Although many adsorbents are able to remove hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) from aqueous solution, the development of a high capacity adsorbent exhibiting superior stability would be beneficial. Grafting poly(amidoxime) (PAO) onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO) provides suitable U(VI) adsorption performance but the PAO is prone to agglomeration. The present work used density functional theory calculations to predict that PAO would bond with pyrrolic N atoms in nitrogen-doped rGO (N-rGO). To confirm this, PAO-grafted rGO (PAO-rGO) and PAO-grafted N-rGO (PAO-N-rGO) were prepared and characterized and the successful grafting of PAO on N-rGO was demonstrated. Adsorption experiments demonstrated that PAO-N-rGO exhibit superb U(VI) adsorption performance compared with the original PAO-rGO under acidic conditions. As for competing metal ions, Cu2+, Al3+, and Ca2+ have a greater impact on U(VI) adsorption than Na+, Mg2+, and K+ both for PAO-rGO and PAO-N-rGO. The maximum adsorption capacities of PAO-rGO and PAO-N-rGO for U(VI) were calculated to be 1500.26 and 1545.95 mg g-1, respectively. The mechanism of nitrogen doping promoting uranium(VI) adsorption can be attributed to enhanced PAO grafting and improvement of adsorption performance of the rGO. This work demonstrates that nitrogen doping is a viable strategy for enhancing the U(VI) adsorption performance of PAO-rGO.

Whole-Genome Sequencing Identifies Two Novel Rare Mutations in BMP5 and BMP2 in Monozygotic Twins With Microtia.

ABSTRACT: Microtia is a rare congenital anomaly of the ear; it is regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. However, the mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis are unknown. In this study, the genomes of 2-year-old twin sisters with right microtia were sequenced using human genome-wide sequencing, an approach useful for identifying mutations in genes responsible for congenital microtia. The phenotypes of the twin sisters included congenital microtia on the right side, abnormal auricle shape in the right external ear, a peanut shape for the residual ear, and complete atresia of the right external auditory canal. In the twin sisters, we identified a previously unknown mutation in BMP5(exon4:c.833- 4C>G), as well as a new mutation (exon2:c.G332T:p.S111I) in BMP2, both of which were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction-based amplification of the corresponding genome regions, followed by first-generation sequencing. The exon4:c.833-4C>G mutation in human BMP5 may be the main cause of microtia in the twin sisters. A pathogenic mutation in human BMP2 (exon2:c.G332T:p.S111I) may be responsible for the facial deformity in the twin sisters. Thus, our study demonstrates the potential of genome-wide sequencing for identifying novel mutations associated with microtia on the whole-genome scale and extends the mutation spectrum of BMP5. Additionally, our data suggest that BMP2 is another pathogenic gene associated with microtia.

Myocardial protective effect of sacubitril-valsartan on rats with acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of sacubitril-valsartan on rats with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: Sprague-dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups. Rats in Group A and B were threaded without deligation and treated with valsartan (34 mg/kg) or sacubitril-valsartan (68 mg/kg) after operation. Rats in Group C and D were given the two drugs (34 mg/kg, 68 mg/kg) after ligation of the left anterior descending branch for 40 minutes. Rats in Group E and F were restored the blood of the coronary artery after ligation, and given the two drugs (34 mg/kg, 68 mg/kg) at the same time. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, high sensitivity troponin T, aldosterone and Cyclic guanosine monophosphate were measured and Color Doppler echocardiography was performed. Six weeks later, the rats were killed, the hearts were weighed and stained with Masson staining. RESULTS: Compared with Group A and B, the levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, high sensitivity troponin T, aldosterone and Cyclic guanosine monophosphate in other groups were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Before treatment, the left ventricular end diastolic diameter and left ventricular end systolic diameter were similar in each group. After treatment, the levels of left ventricular end diastolic diameter and left ventricular end systolic diameter, and collagen fiber range stained with blue in other groups were significantly increased in comparison with Group A and B (p < 0.05). In addition, the left ventricular volume and collagen fiber range stained with blue were notably decreased, the levels of ejection fraction (EF) were increased in sacubitril-valsartan groups in comparison with valsartan groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Early application of sacubitril-valsartan has a protective effect on rats with acute myocardial infarction.

Research progress of biomarkers in early detection of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.

With the advances of drug therapy, the prognosis of cancer patients has seen remarkable improvements, and cancer-related mortality has decreased significantly. However, the followed drug-related cardiotoxicity becomes a serious threat to patients' living quality and survival rate. Cardiovascular toxicity associated with some chemotherapy drugs is reversible and dose-dependent. If early identification is possible, early cardiovascular protection measures or adjustment of chemotherapy regimens can be taken to improve the prognosis of patients. Therefore, early prevention and monitoring of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity are critical for cancer patients and survivors. Among them, biomarkers are an important method for the early identification of myocardial injury.

A strategy for enhancing the photoactivity of g-C3N4-based single-atom catalysts via sulphur doping: a theoretical study.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have received intense attention owing to their maximum utilization efficiency of metal atoms and high catalytic activity. Although SACs possess many merits, such as high activity, selectivity and stability in photocatalysis, the difficulty of fabricating atomically dispersed atom catalysts with a high level of metal loading limits their practical applications. Here, a sulphur-doping strategy was proposed to enhance the incorporation of single Pt atoms in monolayer graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and the structural, electronic and optical properties were investigated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work verified that SACs based on sulphur-doped monolayer g-C3N4 (S-g-C3N4) exhibit a lower band gap energy, higher photocatalytic oxidation ability, easier charge separation, lower oxidation state of Pt atoms and wider light absorption range. This work provides a promising path for fabricating efficient g-C3N4-based photocatalytic SACs.

Triple-Mode Emissions with Invisible Near-Infrared After-Glow from Cr3+ -Doped Zinc Aluminum Germanium Nanoparticles for Advanced Anti-Counterfeiting Applications.

Materials exhibiting persistent luminescence (PersL) have great prospect in optoelectronic and biomedical applications such as optical information storage, bio-imaging, and so on. Unfortunately, PersL materials with multimode emission properties have been rarely reported, although they are expected to be very desirable in multilevel anti-counterfeiting and encryption applications. Herein, Cr3+ -doped zinc aluminum germanium (ZAG:Cr) nanoparticles exhibiting triple-mode emissions are designed and demonstrated. Upon exposure to steady 254 nm UV light, the ZAG:Cr nanoparticles yield steady bluish-white emission. After turning off the UV light, the emission disappears quickly and the mode switches to transient near-infrared (NIR) PersL emission at predominantly 690 nm. The transient NIR PersL emission which arises from Cr3+ is induced by non-equivalent substitution of Ge4+ . After persisting for 50 min, it can be retriggered by 980 nm photons due to the continuous trap depth distribution of ZAG:Cr between 0.65 and 1.07 eV. Inspired by the triple-mode emissions from ZAG:Cr, multifunctional luminescent inks composed of ZAG:Cr nanoparticles are prepared, and high-security labeling and encoding encryption properties are demonstrated. The results indicate that ZAG:Cr nanoparticles have great potential in anti-counterfeiting and encryption applications, and the strategy and concept described here provide insights into the design of advanced anti-counterfeiting materials.

Predictors of outcome in early onset schizophrenia: a 10-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Younger age at onset is generally thought to be a predictor of poor outcome in Early Onset Schizophrenia (EOS), but there is a paucity of epidemiological data supporting this belief. This study aims to describe long-term outcomes and predictors of patient functioning in EOS, with a focus on the effect of age at onset. METHODS: We consecutively enrolled 118 EOS patients who were hospitalized in 2006. Mean age at baseline was 13.3 ± 2.3 years. Sixty-five subjects were successfully interviewed. Mean length of follow up was 10.4 ± 0.3 years. Baseline data were collected from inpatient medical records, while follow up was conducted primarily through telephone interviews of patient relatives. WHODAS 2.0 was used to measure global functioning at follow up. Outcomes included education, employment, marriage status, physical health, subsequent diagnoses and treatment, and patient functioning. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to assess predictors of outcome, while propensity scores were used to adjust for confounding in analyzing the effect of age at onset on functional outcome. RESULTS: Of the 65 subjects where follow-up data were available, 3 were deceased at follow up. Five (8%) discontinued treatment. Diagnostic stability was 76%. Nearly a quarter (24%) were using clozapine at follow up. In male and female patients, 61 and 55% respectively were overweight, while 29 and 32% respectively were obese. Sixteen (26%) were economically self-sufficient, while 34 (55%) were unemployed. Thirteen (21%) patients had ever been married. The median WHODAS score was 15 (IQR 2 to 35), roughly corresponding to the 78th percentile on population norms. Extroverted personality (p = 0.01), suspicious personality (p = 0.02), and high level of education (p = 0.001) predicted better functioning. Age of onset was not associated with function in either the univariate model (p = 0.24), full model (p = 0.17) or the final risk factor model (p = 0.11), nor after using propensity scores to further adjust for confounders. CONCLUSION: The long-term functional outcome of EOS is more optimistic than generally believed. Age at disease onset does not predict long-term functional outcome in EOS populations.

Microbial diversity and co-occurrence patterns in deep soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Numerous studies have enriched our knowledge of the microbial community composition and metabolic versatility of contaminated soil. However, there remains a substantial gap regarding the bioassembly patterns of the indigenous microbial community distribution in contaminated deep soils. Herein, the indigenous microbial community structure diversity, function, and co-occurrence relationships in aged PAH-contaminated deep soil collected from an abandoned chemical facility were investigated using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the dominant phyla in all samples were responsible for PAH degradation and included Proteobacteria (20.86%-81.37%), Chloroflexi (2.03%-28.44%), Firmicutes (3.06%-31.16%), Actinobacteria (2.92%-11.91%), Acidobacteria (0.41%-12.68%), and Nitrospirae (0.81%-9.21%). Eighty biomarkers were obtained by linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe), and most of these biomarkers were PAH degraders. Functional predictions using Tax4Fun indicated that the aged contaminated soil has the potential for PAH degradation. Statistical analysis showed that in contrast with the PAH concentration, edaphic properties (nutrients and pH) were significantly correlated (r > 0.25, P < 0.01) with the bacterial community and functional composition. Co-occurrence network analysis (modularity index of 0.781) revealed non-random assembly patterns of the bacterial communities in the PAH-contaminated soils. The modules in the network were mainly involved in carbon and nitrogen cycles, organic substance degradation, and biological electron transfer processes. Microbes from the same module had strong ecological linkages. Additionally, SAR202 clade, Thermoanaerobaculum, Nitrospira, and Xanthomonadales, which were identified as keystone species, played an irreplaceable role in the network. Overall, our results suggested that environmental factors such as nutrients and pH, together with ecological function, are the main factors driving the assembly of microbial communities in aged PAH-contaminated deep soils.

Post relocation of industrial sites for decades: Ascertain sources and human risk assessment of soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

As a persistent organic pollutant, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may still residually pollute industrial sites after relocation. This study investigated the contamination status of PAHs in the topsoils of three industrial legacy sites (the Shougang industrial ruins, the original Beijing coking plant area, and an abandoned gas station) that relocated more than 10 years ago from downtown Beijing. The sources of PAHs in the soil were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, and health risks were evaluated for different groups of people. The total concentration of 16 PAHs in the study area ranged from 371.1 ng g-1 to 4073.9 ng g-1. The pollution levels of the three study areas were abandoned gas station > Beijing coking plant > Shougang ruins. In terms of composition, low-ring aromatics accounted for the majority of the detected PAHs, and in the dry season, low-ring aromatics accounted for a higher proportion in the three areas than in the wet season. The comparison of the PAH diagnostic ratio and PMF model verification showed that the sources of PAHs in the Shougang ruins and the Beijing coking plant area were mainly those of biomass and coal combustion, accounting for 66.3% and 56.1% of the total detected PAHs, respectively; the PAH sources of the abandoned gas station storage tank area were largely that of petrol (33.9%) and diesel combustion (23.8%). Since these industrial sites were located in urban centers, this study also conducted a health risk assessment of the topsoil. The total carcinogenic risk range of the three contaminated sites was 1.41E-06 to 2.47E-05. Abandoned industrial sites have potential carcinogenic risks to human health. The government needs to conduct comprehensive risk assessments and remedial measures on soils of industrial legacy sites to achieve land reuse.

Radiofrequency ablation for the pre-excitation syndrome of functionally corrected transposition of great arteries.

We reported a 57-year-old female patient who had functionally corrected transposition of the great arteries, severe tricuspid insufficiency, enlarged left atrium and functional right ventricle, which were successfully performed radiofrequency ablation.

Advances in research on treatment of heart failure with nitrosyl hydrogen.

Heart failure is the end stage of various heart diseases such as ischemic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, and hypertensive myocardial damage. It is characterized by a decrease in myocardial contractility, but there is currently no ideal treatment. Nitroxyl hydrogen (HNO) is considered to be a protonated form of NO. It has special chemical properties compared to other nitrogen oxides. In the body of organisms, HNO can participate in all aspects of the occurrence and development of heart failure (HF) and react with some proteins closely related to cardiac activity, changing its spatial structure and exerting cardioprotective effects. In recent years, studies have shown that HNO can inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, reduce inflammation, enhance myocardial contractility, dilate coronary arteries as well as peripheral blood vessels in early heart failure, and protect the heart against heart failure. This paper, combined with the latest research results at home and abroad, clarifies that nitrosyl hydrogen exerts cardioprotective effects through various processes that occur in the development of heart failure.

Herbaspirillum robiniae sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia in a lead-zinc mine.

A novel endophytic bacterium, designated strain HZ10T, was isolated from root nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia growing in a lead-zinc mine in Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province, China. The bacterium was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, slightly curved- and rod-shaped, methyl red-negative, catalase-positive, and did not produce H2S. Strain HZ10T grew at 4-45 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C), pH 5-9 (optimum, pH 7-8) and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids were identified as C16 : 0, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), and the quinone type was Q-8. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.9 mol% based on the whole genome sequence. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic relative to strain HZ10T is Herbaspirillum chlorophenolicum CPW301T (98.72 % sequence identity). Genome relatedness of the type strains H. chlorophenolicum CPW301T, Herbaspirillum seropedicae Z67T and Herbaspirillum aquaticum IEH 4430T, was quantified by using the average nucleotide identity (86.9-88.0 %) and a genome-to-genome distance analysis (26.6 %-29.3 %), with both strongly supporting the notion that strain HZ10T belongs to the genus Herbaspirillum as a novel species. Based on the results from phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological analyses, strain HZ10T represents a novel Herbaspirillum species, for which the name Herbaspirillum robiniae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HZ10T (=JCM 31754T=CCTCC AB 2014352T).

Effect of beta-3 adrenoceptor stimulation on the levels of ApoA-I, PPARα, and PPARγ in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.

The beta-3 adrenoceptor (ß3-AR) protects against the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the specific mechanism of this antiatherosclerotic effect is still not clear. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the antiatherosclerotic effects of ß3-AR. Thirty-six male homozygous apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and wild-type C57BL/6J mice were randomized into 6 treatment groups: wild-type, atherosclerotic model, atorvastatin, low-dose ß3-AR agonist, high-dose ß3-AR agonist, and ß3-AR antagonist groups. The serum lipids, aortic-free cholesterol (FC), and cholesteryl ester (CE) concentrations were measured at the end of the treatments. The mRNA expression levels of liver apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Protein expression levels of apoA1, PPARα, and PPARγ in the liver were determined by western blot analysis. Treatment with ß3-AR significantly increased the plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoA-I, whereas the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased. The ß3-AR agonist treatment markedly decreased both the FC and the CE concentrations in the aorta compared with the atherosclerotic model mice. The ß3-AR agonist increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of apoA-I, PPARα, and PPARγ in the liver. This study demonstrates that long-term ß3-AR activation can regulate lipid metabolic disorders and reduces the aortic FC and the CE concentrations. These effects may be related to apoA-I, PPARα, and PPARγ.

Time course of cardiac rupture after acute myocardial infarction and comparison of clinical features of different rupture types.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the time course of cardiac rupture (CR) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the differences among different rupture types. Method: We retrospectively analyzed 145 patients with CR after AMI at Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital from June 2016 to September 2022. Firstly, according to the time from onset of chest pain to CR, the patients were divided into early CR (≤24 h) (n = 61 patients) and late CR (>24 h) (n = 75 patients) to explore the difference between early CR and late CR. Secondly, according to the type of CR, the patients were divided into free wall rupture (FWR) (n = 55) and ventricular septal rupture (VSR) (n = 90) to explore the difference between FWR and VSR. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high white blood cell count (OR = 1.134, 95% CI: 1.019-1.260, P = 0.021), low creatinine (OR = 0.991, 95% CI: 0.982-0.999, P = 0.026) were independently associated with early CR. In addition, rapid heart rate (OR = 1.035, 95% CI: 1.009-1.061, P = 0.009), low systolic blood pressure (OR = 0.981, 95% CI: 0.962-1.000, P = 0.048), and anterior myocardial infarction (OR = 5.989, 95% CI: 1.978-18.136, P = 0.002) were independently associated with VSR. Conclusion: In patients with CR, high white blood cell count and low creatinine were independently associated with early CR, rapid heart rate, low systolic blood pressure, and anterior myocardial infarction were independently associated with VSR.

Dynamic foraging strategy adaptation to heterogeneous environments contributes to social aggregation in snub-nosed monkeys.

The dynamics of animal social structures are heavily influenced by environmental patterns of competition and cooperation. In folivorous colobine primates, prevailing theories suggest that larger group sizes should be favored in rainforests with a year-round abundance of food, thereby reducing feeding competition. Yet, paradoxically, larger groups are frequently found in high-altitude or high-latitude montane ecosystems characterized by a seasonal scarcity of leaves. This contradiction is posited to arise from cooperative benefits in heterogeneous environments. To investigate this hypothesis, we carried out a six-year field study on two neighboring groups of golden snub-nosed monkey ( Rhinopithecus roxellana), a species representing the northernmost distribution of colobine primates. Results showed that the groups adjusted their movement and habitat selection in response to fluctuating climates and spatiotemporal variability of resources, indicative of a dynamic foraging strategy. Notably, during the cold, resource-scarce conditions in winter, the large group occupied food-rich habitats but did not exhibit significantly longer daily travel distances than the smaller neighboring group. Subsequently, we compiled an eco-behavioral dataset of 52 colobine species to explore their evolutionary trajectories. Analysis of this dataset suggested that the increase in group size may have evolved via home range expansion in response to the cold and heterogeneous climates found at higher altitudes or latitudes. Hence, we developed a multi-benefits framework to interpret the formation of larger groups by integrating environmental heterogeneity. In cold and diverse environments, even smaller groups require larger home ranges to meet their dynamic survival needs. The spatiotemporal distribution of high-quality resources within these expanded home ranges facilitates more frequent interactions between groups, thereby encouraging social aggregation into larger groups. This process enhances the benefits of collaborative actions and reproductive opportunities, while simultaneously optimizing travel costs through a dynamic foraging strategy.

Luminescence enhancement of ZnO-core/a-SiN(x):H-shell nanorod arrays.

We report a remarkable improvement of photoluminescence from ZnO-core/a-SiN(x):H-shell nanorod arrays by modulating the bandgap of a-SiN(x):H shell. The a-SiN(x):H shell with a large bandgap can significantly enhance UV emission by more than 8 times compared with the uncoated ZnO nanorods. Moreover, it is found that the deep-level defect emission can be almost completely suppressed for all the core-shell nanostructures, which is independent of the bandgaps of a-SiN(x):H shells. Combining with the analysis of infrared absorption spectrum and luminescence characteristics of NH(x)-plasma treated ZnO nanorods, the improved photoluminescence is attributed to the decrease of nonradiative recombination probability and the reduction of surface band bending of ZnO cores due to the H and N passivation and the screening effect from the a-SiN(x):H shells. Our findings open up new possibilities for fabricating stable and efficient UV-only emitting devices.