Review of Traditional First Aid for Burn Injuries in the 21st Century.

INTRODUCTION: This review aims to investigate data on traditional burn first aid materials used in different countries. METHODS: A systematic search was performed through 8 databases for studies on traditional burn first aid published in the 21st century. Data regarding study demographics, burn first aid, first aid materials, water irrigation, and source of knowledge were summarized, and the use of each material was discussed. RESULTS: A total of 28 studies including 20,150 subjects were identified. An average of 29% of the study population applied water irrigation, whereas 46% used various traditional materials, and 30% did not administer first aid. People with higher education and socioeconomy class tend to choose correct first aid actions. DISCUSSION: The single best treatment as burn first aid is cool-water irrigation. Despite that, various other materials have been used, most of which are not suitable for first aid. Some materials possess healing abilities and can be used as wound dressing, whereas others are harmful. Inappropriate materials are mostly used in underdeveloped regions lacking water access and hygiene. Mass media and community knowledge have a large influence in burn first aid practices. CONCLUSION: Raising public health awareness on burn first aid is crucial along with providing the people access to water, basic hygiene, and health care.

Shift schedule realignment and patient safety culture.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to assess the association between shift schedule realignment and patient safety culture. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Using difference in differences model, BIMC Hospitals and Siloam Hospital Bali were compared before and after shift schedule realignment to test the association between shift schedule realignment and patient safety culture. FINDINGS: Shift schedule realignment was associated with a significant improvement in staffing (coefficient 1.272; 95% CI 0.842 - 1.702; p<0.001), teamwork within units (coefficient 1.689; 95% CI 1.206 - 2.171; p<0.001), teamwork across units (coefficient 1.862; 95% CI 1.415 - 2.308; p<0.001), handoffs and transitions (coefficient 0.999; 95% CI 0.616 - 1.382; p<0.001), frequency of error reported (coefficient 1.037; 95% CI 0.581 - 1.493; p<0.001), feedback and communication about error (coefficient 1.412; 95% CI 0.982 - 1.841; p<0.001) and communication openness (coefficient 1.393; 95% CI 0.968 - 1.818; p<0.001). PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: With positive impact on patient safety culture, shift schedule realignment should be considered as quality improvement initiative. It stretches the compressed workload suffered by staff while maintaining 40 h per week in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Shift schedule realignment, designed to improve patient safety culture, has never been implemented in any Indonesian private hospital. Other hospital managers might also appreciate knowing about the shift schedule realignment to improve the patient safety culture.

Poor Physical Function as a Risk Factor for Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: it cannot be ascertained whether an individual with poor physical function is at an increased risk of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), thus the aim of this study is to examine this potential relationship. METHODS: in this study, a fixed retrospective cohort design has been conducted by using data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2007 and 2014. A total of 6,863 respondents who were not diagnosed with NCD by medical personnel in 2007 were successfully traced. After being controlled for covariates, the association between NCD type and poor physical function was measured by using the Adjusted Risk Ratio (ARR) and Population Attributable Risk (PAR). RESULTS: respondents with poor physical function were at a significantly increased of being diagnosed with stroke (ARR: 6.9, 95%CI: 4.3-10.9), diabetes (ARR: 3.1, 95%CI: 2.4-4.1), or heart disease (ARR: 3.2, 95%CI: 2.4-4.5). The PAR score of respondents with diabetes was 0.006, meaning 0.6% of diabetes cases are attributed to poor physical function and can therefore be prevented if people maintain good physical function. CONCLUSION: poor physical function can be assessed to identify risk of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Healthcare personnel should provide education programs that inform patients on the importance of maintaining a healthy physical ability.

Improving patient satisfaction: the virtual breakthrough series collaborative.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to improve the Siloam Hospitals' (SHs) patient satisfaction index (PSI) and overcome Indonesia's geographical barriers. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The topic was selected for reasons guided by the Institute of Healthcare Improvement virtual breakthrough series collaborative (VBSC). Subject matter experts came from existing global quality development in collaboration with sales and marketing, and talent management agencies/departments. Patient satisfaction (PS) was measured using the SH Customer Feedback Form. Data were analysed using Friedman's test. FINDINGS: The in-patient (IP) department PSI repeated measures comparison during VBSC, performed using Friedman's test, showed a statistically significant increase in the PSI, χ2 = 44.00, p<0.001. Post hoc analysis with Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted with a Bonferroni correction applied, which resulted in a significant increase between the baseline and action phases ( Z=3.317, p=0.003) between the baseline and continuous improvement phases ( Z=6.633, p<0.001), and between the action and continuous improvement phases ( Z=3.317, p=0.003), suggesting that IP PSI was continuously increasing during all VBSC phases. Like IP PSI, the out-patient department PSI was also continuously increasing during all VBSC phases. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: The VBSC was not implemented using a control group. Factors other than the VBSC may have contributed to increased PS. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The VBSC was conducted using virtual telecommunication. Although conventional breakthrough series might result in better cohesiveness and commitment, Indonesian geographical barriers forced an alternative strategy, which is much more cost-effective. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The VBSC, designed to improve PS, has never been implemented in any Indonesian private hospital group. Other hospital groups might also appreciate knowing about the VBSC to improve their PSI.

Do the Number of Cigarettes Smokes per Day Contribute to the Incident of Malignant Cancer?

Background: The incident of malignant cancer due to smoking habit becomes a public health problem especially in the developing countries. Active smokers neglect to stop smoking even though various studies proved that smoking increases the risk of cancer. While, previous studies have assessed the incident risk of cancer but have not performed the validity of the measurement. The aim of this study is to know the number of cigarettes that contribute to the incidence of malignant cancer. Methods: A study with retrospective cohort design has been conducted by using a set of public data of Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2007 and 2014. All active smokers (n= 748) who were in good health condition in 2007, were traced in 2014 and then being diagnosed with cancer with considering age, gender, healthy eating habit, and regular physical activity. Data has been analysed by using logistic regression by performing Adjusted Risk Ratio (ARR) and the result of validity measurement. Results: The incident of malignant cancer in 2014 were skin, liver, stomach and oral cavity. Smoking 21-30 per day in 2007 were significantly increased risk of having malignant cancer in 2014 at ARR: 6.88; SE:6.13 with the accuracy were 93.8%. The risk and accuracy were higher if smoke >30 cigarettes per day (ARR:7.523; SE:7.019; accuracy 95.5%). This study also found that the risk of cancer was significantly increase with age (99% CI; ARR: 1.065; SE: 0.026). Conclusions: Cigarette smoking behaviour increased the risk any types incident of cancer. Total number >20 cigarettes smoked per day contributes to the incidence of malignant cancer.