Extending the Common Sense Model to Explore the Impact of the Fear of COVID-19 on Quality of Life in an International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to use an extended common sense model (CSM) to evaluate the impact of fear of COVID-19 on quality of life (QoL) in an international inflammatory bowel disease cohort. An online study involving 319 adults (75% female, mean (SD) 14.06 (15.57) years of symptoms) completed the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire, Fear of Contracting COVID-19 Scale, Brief-COPE, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, and the EUROHIS-QOL. The extended CSM had an excellent fit (χ2 (9) = 17.06, p = .05, χ2/N = 1.90, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.04, CFI = .99, TLI = .97, GFI = 0.99), indicating the influence of gastrointestinal symptoms on QoL was mediated by illness perceptions, fear of COVID-19, adaptive and maladaptive coping, and psychological distress. Interventions targeting the fear of COVID-19 in the context of an individual's perceptions will likely enhance QoL during the pandemic.

Extending the Common Sense Model to Explore the Impact of Visceral Sensitivity on Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with poor quality of life. The aim of the cross-sectional study was to extend the common sense model to explore the impact of inflammatory bowel disease activity on quality of life and the potential mediating roles of illness perceptions, visceral sensitivity, coping styles, acceptance, and psychological distress. METHODS: A total of 141 inflammatory bowel disease patients (86 with Crohn's disease and 55 with ulcerative colitis; 74 males, 65 females, and 2 gender non-specific, mean age 40.43 years) from 2 metropolitan hospital inflammatory bowel disease outpatient clinics participated. Measures included disease activity (Crohn's Disease Activity Index, Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index), illness perceptions (Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire), visceral sensitivity (Visceral Sensitivity Index), coping styles (Brief Coping Operations Preference Enquiry), acceptance (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II), psychological distress (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale), and European Health Interview Survey-Quality of Life (EUROHIS-QoL). RESULTS: A structural equation model of the extended common sense model was found to have a good fit (χ2(10) = 10.07, P = .43, root mean square error of approximation = 0.01, standardized root mean residual = 0.04, comparative index fit = 1.00, Tucker-Lewis index = 1.00, goodness-of-fit = 0.98). After controlling for irritable bowel syndrome diagnosis, the impact of disease activity on quality of life was statistically mediated by illness perceptions, maladaptive coping styles, and psychological distress. In addition, visceral sensitivity bordered on influencing the impact of disease activity and illness perceptions on quality of life through psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that together with illness perceptions and coping styles, visceral sensitivity plays an important role in an individual's adaption to living with inflammatory bowel disease.

Systematic review: Exploration of the impact of psychosocial factors on quality of life in adults living with coeliac disease.

BACKGROUND: Individuals living with coeliac disease generally experience a remission of symptoms after adopting the gluten-free diet but often report substantial treatment burden and ongoing quality of life issues. Psychosocial factors have been suggested to play a significant role in post-diagnosis quality of life but have yet to be systematically reviewed. AIM: To review the evidence for psychosocial factors associated with quality of life in adult coeliac disease cohorts. METHODS: Studies were identified via systematic searches of eight databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, Ovid Nursing, CINAHL, Informit Health Collection, Cochrane Library) in May 2019. RESULTS: Fourteen studies were included involving 3372 participants (80.2% female, mean age = 46.4 years). Symptoms of depression and anxiety were the most examined psychosocial factors across all studies. Quality of life was differentially associated with psychological distress, illness perceptions, coping, and attitudes/behaviours regarding food and the gluten-free diet. CONCLUSION: Several psychosocial factors are associated with quality of life in adults living with coeliac disease. Current evidence suggests these factors are interrelated and may influence quality of life directly, via reduced psychological well-being, and indirectly, via reduced adherence to the gluten-free diet. Future research is needed to examine these processes concurrently, with the aim of elucidating the psychosocial mechanisms underlying post-diagnosis well-being and identifying potential targets for psychosocial intervention.

Application of the common sense model in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this paper was to undertake a systematic review of the research utilizing the Common Sense Model (CSM) involving IBD cohorts to explain the psychosocial processes, including illness perceptions and coping styles, that underpin patient reported outcomes (PROs) - psychological distress (PD) and quality of life (QoL). METHODS: Adult studies were identified through systematic searches of 8 bibliographic databases run in August 2020 including Medline, Embase, and PsychINFO. No language or year limits were applied. RESULTS: Of 848 records identified, 516 were selected with seven studies evaluating the CSM mediating pathways for final review (n = 918 adult participants). Consistent with the CSM, illness perceptions were associated with PD and QoL in six and five studies respectively. Illness perceptions acted as mediators, at least partially, on the relationship between IBD disease activity and PD and/or QoL in all seven studies. Coping styles, predominantly maladaptive-based coping styles, were found to act as mediators between illness perceptions and PD and/or QoL in five studies. Perceived stress was identified in one study as an additional psychosocial process that partially explained the positive influence of illness perceptions on PD, and a negative impact on QoL. Five studies were classified as high quality and two as moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The CSM can be utilised in IBD cohorts to evaluate key psychosocial processes that influence PROs. Future research should explore additional psychosocial processes within the CSM and evaluate the efficacy of targeting CSM processes to promote psychological well-being and QoL in IBD cohorts.