A review of hand-held, home-use cosmetic laser and light devices.

BACKGROUND: As the market for home-use light-based and laser-based devices grows, consumers will increasingly seek advice from dermatologists regarding their safety and efficacy profiles. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on home-use hand-held devices for various dermatologic conditions. To educate dermatologists about commercially available products their patients may be using. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of home-use laser and light devices for the treatment of the following: hair removal, acne, photoaging, scars, psoriasis, and hair regrowth. In addition, a thorough search of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) radiation-emitting electronic products' database was performed; by searching specific product codes, all hand-held devices that are FDA-approved for marketing in the United States were identified. RESULTS: Of the various home-use devices reviewed, intense pulsed light (IPL) for hair removal and light-emitting diode (LED) for treatment of acne have the most published data. Although the literature shows modest results for home-use IPL and LED, small sample sizes and short follow-up periods limit interpretation. CONCLUSION: There is a paucity of randomized, double-blind controlled trials to support the use of home-use laser and light devices; smaller, uncontrolled industry-sponsored single-center studies suggest that some of these devices may have modest results.

Skin cancer education for massage therapists: a novel approach to the early detection of suspicious lesions.

Studies indicate that with training, nonmedical health professionals may be able to successfully recognize lesions suspicious for skin cancer and thereby assist with early detection of suspicious lesions. We present the results of a study aimed at assessing the efficacy of a 4-h continuing education program designed to educate massage therapists about skin cancer detection and prevention. Prior to and after the administration of the course, surveys were administered to attendees to gauge their ability to identify skin cancer and their comfort level with counseling clients with suspicious lesions. Our study suggests that while many massage therapists are educated on skin cancer and have experience referring patients for suspicious lesions, a 4-h educational session may not be sufficient to improve sensitivity of detection.

Pediatricians' perspectives on indoor tanning.

This report presents results from an online survey of New York State pediatricians regarding their counseling habits and attitudes toward indoor tanning among adolescents, as well as their awareness of current legislation that restricts youth access to tanning beds.

Transformation of human and murine fibroblasts without viral oncoproteins.

Murine embryo fibroblasts are readily transformed by the introduction of specific combinations of oncogenes; however, the expression of those same oncogenes in human cells fails to convert such cells to tumorigenicity. Using normal human and murine embryonic fibroblasts, we show that the transformation of human cells requires several additional alterations beyond those required to transform comparable murine cells. The introduction of the c-Myc and H-RAS oncogenes in the setting of loss of p53 function efficiently transforms murine embryo fibroblasts but fails to transform human cells constitutively expressing hTERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase. In contrast, transformation of multiple strains of human fibroblasts requires the constitutive expression of c-Myc, H-RAS, and hTERT, together with loss of function of the p53, RB, and PTEN tumor suppressor genes. These manipulations permit the development of transformed human fibroblasts with genetic alterations similar to those found associated with human cancers and define specific differences in the susceptibility of human and murine fibroblasts to experimental transformation.

Atrophic acne scarring: a review of treatment options.

BACKGROUND: Scarring is an unfortunate and frequent complication of acne, resulting in significant psychological distress for patients. Fortunately, numerous treatment options exist for acne scarring. OBJECTIVES: To extensively review the literature on treatment options for atrophic acne scarring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on the following topics: dermabrasion, subcision, punch techniques, chemical peels, tissue augmentation, and lasers. RESULTS: The literature supports the use of various treatment modalities; superior results may be achieved when multiple modalities are combined for a multi-step approach to scarring. CONCLUSION: The safety and efficacy of various treatment devices for acne scarring is well established, but there is a paucity of split-face trials comparing modalities.

The role of contact allergens in chronic idiopathic urticaria.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether contact allergens play a role in chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal prospective study of 23 patients with CIU. Patients were patch tested to a modified North American Contact Dermatitis Group standard, fragrance, and cosmetic series; other series were tested as warranted by relevant history and physical examination. Readings were performed at 48 and 72 hours. Patients were counseled to avoid proven contact allergens and were followed up 2 to 9 months after testing. RESULTS: Twenty-one of 23 patients were female. The mean age was 46 years. The mean duration of urticaria was 32 months. Of the 23 patients, 8 (35%) experienced improvement of their symptoms with allergen avoidance. Four (17%) experienced a complete remission, and 4 (17%) experienced partial improvement. Two of the complete responders challenged themselves to proven contact allergens and developed urticaria, which resolved upon allergen avoidance. The most common allergens were potassium dichromate (n = 9), nickel sulfate (n = 7), Myroxylon pereirae (n = 6), cobalt chloride, neomycin, p-phenylenediamine (n = 5); fragrance mix I, fragrance mix II (n = 4); cinnamic aldehyde (n = 3); and formaldehyde (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: Patch testing may be helpful in the evaluation of CIU patients for whom previous workup has failed to reveal an etiology.

Combination treatments for psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current state of evidence for combination topical and systemic therapies for mild to severe psoriasis. DATA SOURCES: We performed a systematic search for all entries in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Review, and EMBASE related to combination treatments for psoriasis through July 2010. STUDY SELECTION: We included randomized controlled trials that reported proportion of disease clearance or mean change in clinical severity score (or provided these data through communication with study authors) for efficacy of a combination treatment for psoriasis compared with 1 or more corresponding monotherapies. DATA EXTRACTION: Study data were extracted by 3 independent investigators, with disagreement resolved by consensus. The proportion of patients who achieved clearance, definition of clearance, means and standard deviations for baseline disease symptom score and final disease symptom score, and major design characteristics were extracted for each study. DATA SYNTHESIS: Combination treatments consisting of vitamin D derivative and corticosteroid, vitamin D derivative and UV-B, vitamin A derivative and psoralen-UV-A, vitamin A derivative and corticosteroid, vitamin A derivative and UV-B, corticosteroid and hydrocolloid occlusion dressings, UV-B and alefacept, and vitamins A and D derivatives were more effective than 1 or more monotherapies using the likelihood of clearance as the outcome. Blinding status and potency of the corticosteroid treatment used were significant sources of heterogeneity between studies. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the need for additional long-term trials with standardized outcome measures to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of combination therapies for psoriasis and highlight the possible effects of trial design characteristics on results.

Perioperative management of tumor necrosis factor antagonists in patients with psoriasis and other inflammatory disorders.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plays an important role in host defense and possibly wound healing. It is also linked to the pathophysiology of many inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. The TNF antagonists are a class of agents that have proven effective in treating psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, yet the immunosuppressive effects of these agents raise concern over their use perioperatively. Currently, there is no consensus as to when TNF antagonists should be discontinued prior to surgery. Furthermore, data on the topic are limited to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This paper reviews the literature on post-surgical outcomes in patients with RA and IBD receiving anti-TNF therapy. Although most studies reveal no statistically significant increased risk of post-surgical complications in these patients, the retrospective design and small sample size of these studies limits interpretation. Furthermore, when applying these data to psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, physicians must also consider disease severity, individual comorbidities, and the pharmacokinetics of the different TNF antagonists. Additional studies are needed in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in order to develop truly evidence-based dermatologic guidelines for perioperative management of the TNF antagonists.