Pharmacokinetics of CuGTSM, a Novel Drug Candidate, in a Mouse Model of Menkes Disease.

PURPOSE: Menkes disease is a rare hereditary disease in which systemic deficiency of copper due to mutation of the ATP7A gene causes severe neurodegenerative disorders. The present parenteral drugs have limited efficacy, so there is a need for an efficacious drug that can be administered orally. This study focused on glyoxal-bis (N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazonato)-copper(II (CuGTSM), which has shown efficacy in macular mice, a murine model of Menkes disease, and examined its pharmacokinetics. In addition, nanosized CuGTSM (nCuGTSM) was prepared, and the effects of nanosizing on CuGTSM pharmacokinetics were investigated. METHODS: CuGTSM or nCuGTSM (10 mg/kg) was administered orally to male macular mice or C3H/HeNCrl mice (control), and plasma was obtained by serial blood sampling. Plasma concentrations of CuGTSM and GTSM were measured by LC-MS/MS and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS: When CuGTSM was administered orally, CuGTSM and GTSM were both detected in the plasma of both mouse strains. When nCuGTSM was administered, the Cmax was markedly higher, and the mean residence time was longer than when CuGTSM was administered for both CuGTSM and GTSM in both mouse strains. With macular mice, the AUC ratio (GTSM/CuGTSM) was markedly higher and the plasma CuGTSM concentration was lower than with C3H/HeNCrl mice when either CuGTSM or nCuGTSM was administered. CONCLUSION: Absorption of orally administered CuGTSM was confirmed in macular mice, and the nano-formulation improved the absorption and retention of CuGTSM in the body. However, the plasma concentration of CuGTSM was lower in macular mice than in control mice, suggesting easier dissociation of CuGTSM.

Performance and usefulness of a novel automated immunoassay HISCL SARS-CoV-2 Antigen assay kit for the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Here, we aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of a novel automated immunoassay HISCL SARS-CoV-2 Antigen assay kit designed to detect the nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This kit comprises automated chemiluminescence detection systems. Western blot analysis confirmed that anti-SARS-CoV antibodies detected SARS-CoV-2N proteins. The best cut-off index was determined, and clinical performance was tested using 115 serum samples obtained from 46 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 69 individuals who tested negative for COVID-19 through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The HISCL Antigen assay kit showed a sensitivity of 95.4% and 16.6% in samples with copy numbers > 100 and < 99, respectively. The kit did not cross-react with human coronaviruses causing seasonal common cold and influenza, and none of the 69 individuals without COVID-19 were diagnosed with positive results. Importantly, 81.8% of the samples with low virus load (< 50 copy numbers) were diagnosed as negative. Thus, using HISCL antigen assay kits may reduce overdiagnosis compared with RT-qPCR tests. The rapid and high-throughput HISCL SARS-CoV-2 Antigen assay kit developed here proved suitable for screening infectious COVID-19 and may help control the pandemic.