The effect of oxidative stress and Raftlin levels on wound healing.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial in all wound-healing processes. Raftlin also plays an important role in the induction of the autoimmune response and the vascular inflammatory response. Inflammatory mediators induce continuous synthesis and secretion. To the best of our knowledge, although there are studies in the literature on antioxidant enzyme levels (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT]) and oxidative stress markers, there are no studies on the comparison of these levels in wound patients with the activities of Raftlin, which is known to play a role in the vascular endothelial response. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant response between wound patients and a control group and to compare the levels of Raftlin between the two groups, which is a new biomarker in inflammatory diseases. Between January 2018 and September 2018, 30 healthy control patients and 30 patients with wounds were enrolled in the study as volunteers. Tissue samples were collected and were sent to the biochemistry laboratory to determine the levels of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, and Raftlin, which play an important role in wound healing. The following were evaluated: SOD and CAT levels (as a measure of antioxidant enzymes); malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (as a measure of free oxygen radicals); and Raftlin, which is a lipid raft protein used in determining the level of inflammatory and autoimmune response. The analyses determined a statistically significant correlation between MDA, SOD, CAT, and Raftlin values in wound patients (p<0.05). Raftlin was a considerable parameter in determining the prognostic process of wound healing. The levels of tissue Raftlin were significantly higher in wounded patients. A significant increase in MDA, SOD, and CAT activities of the wounded patients also suggested that the oxidant and antioxidant effect was balanced and that external antioxidant supplementation was not required.

Assessment of Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Raftlin in Vitiligo.

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic skin disease characterized by white macules on the skin due to loss of melanocytes. Although there are many theories about the etiopathogenesis of the disease, oxidative stress is identified as an important determinant in the etiology of vitiligo. In recent years, Raftlin has been shown to play a role in many inflammatory diseases. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the patients with vitiligo and the control group to determine both oxidative/nitrosative stress markers and Raftlin levels. Materials and Methods: This study was designed prospectively between September 2017 and April 2018. Twenty-two patients diagnosed with vitiligo and 15 healthy people as the control group were included in the study. Blood samples collected to determine oxidative/nitrosative stress, the antioxidant enzyme, and Raftlin levels were sent to the biochemistry laboratory. Results: In patients with vitiligo, the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S transferase were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.0001). In vitiligo patients, the levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, nitrotyrosine (3-NTx), and Raftlin were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The results of the study support that oxidative stress and nitrosative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. In addition, the Raftlin level, a new biomarker of inflammatory diseases, was found high in patients with vitiligo.

Irisin is a predictor of sarcopenic obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT: We aimed to evaluate sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), possible relationships with serum irisin and myostatin levels, and the effect of glycemic control on SO.Ninety T2DM patients were included in this a cross-sectional study. Sarcopenia was determined by evaluating muscle mass (bioelectrical impedance analysis), muscle strength (HGS), and gait speed (GS). Patients with muscle mass loss with functionally reduced muscle strength and/or performance were considered sarcopenic. In addition, participants were divided into 3 groups according to the FM (fat mass)/FFM (fat-free mass) ratio [group 1:5th-50th percentiles; group 2:50th-95th percentiles and group 3: ≥95 percentiles (sarcopenic obese)]. Irisin, myostatin levels and metabolic parameters were measured in all patients.The prevalence of sarcopenia and SO was 25.6% and 35.6%, respectively. Irisin levels were lower in sarcopenic patients, while glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c), body mass index (BMI), FM, and FM index were higher (P < .05). From group 1 to group 3, BMI, FM, FM index, GS, myostatin, and A1c increased, and muscle mass percentage, HGS, and irisin decreased (P < .05). A positive correlation was found between FM/FFM and myostatin and a negative correlation between FM/FFM and irisin (r = 0.303, P = .004 vs. r = -0.491, P < .001). Irisin remained an important predictor of SO, even after adjusting for confounding variables (OR:1.105; 95% CI:0.965-1.338, P = .002). The optimal cut-off value for irisin to predict SO was 9.49 ng/mL (specificity = 78.1%, sensitivity = 75.8%). In addition, A1c was an independent risk factor for SO development (OR:1.358, P = .055).This study showed that low irisin levels (<9.49ng/mL) and poor glycemic control in T2DM patients were an independent risk factor, especially for SO.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible relationships between plasma bilirubin levels and concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia. METHODS: Thirty term (gestational age > or = 37 weeks) newborn infants with indirect hyperbilirubinemia aged less than 10 days were prospectively recruited in the Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Neonatal Unit, Kahramanmaras, Turkey, between January and July 2007. Thirty randomly selected healthy newborns who had similar age and without clinical jaundice comprised the control group. Erythrocyte catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and plasma MDA and NO concentrations were measured. RESULTS: Both MDA and NO concentrations were higher in the study group than the controls (p=0.000). The mean activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes were found to be lower in the study group compared with the controls (p=0.000). Furthermore, plasma bilirubin showed significant negative correlations with antioxidant enzyme activities but positive correlations with MDA and NO. CONCLUSION: In this sample, infants with significant hyperbilirubinemia had elevated oxidative stress and disturbed antioxidant enzyme activity. Since these states have been shown to cause cellular injury in neonatal patients with indirect hyperbilirubinemia, such patients should be followed-up and undergo therapy to prevent the harmful effects of hyperbilirubinemia. Further studies are needed to investigate possible benefits of antioxidants in hyperbilirubinemia.

Local oxidative stress in interdigital tinea pedis.

Several skin diseases are believed to be associated with oxidative stress. Tinea pedis is an infection of the feet caused by fungi. The infectious diseases caused by dermatophytes are mainly related to the enzymes produced by these fungi. The cutaneous oxidative stress status of tinea pedis has not been demonstrated in the published work up to now. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in affected skin areas in a group of patients with interdigital tinea pedis. Thirty-one consecutive patients with a diagnosis of unilateral interdigital tinea pedis were enrolled. The samples were obtained by scraping the skin surface. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde levels were measured spectrophotometrically. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the levels of malondialdehyde were significantly higher on the lesional area than the non-lesional area (P < 0.001). According to sex and fungal subtypes, there was no significant difference in the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with tinea pedis (P > 0.05). Our results suggested that antioxidant defense of lesional skin surface was higher compared to non-lesional skin. This is possibly due to a compensatory response to various fungal infections and thereby protects the cells against oxidative damage.