ABSTRACT
A phase-matching-free ultrashort pulse retrieval based on the defocusing of a laser-induced plasma is presented. In this technique, a pump pulse ionizes a rare gas providing a plasma lens whose creation time is ultrafast. A probe pulse propagating through this gas lens experiences a switch of its divergence. The spectrum of the diverging part, isolated by a coronograph, is measured as a function of the pump-probe delay, providing a spectrogram that allows for a comprehensive characterization of the temporal properties of the probe pulse. The method, called PI-FROSt for "plasma-induced frequency-resolved optical switching," is simple, is free of phase-matching constraints, and can operate in both self- and cross-referenced configurations at ultrahigh repetition rate in the whole transparency range of the gas. The assessment of the method demonstrates laser pulse reconstructions of high reliability in both near-infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectral ranges.
ABSTRACT
The idea of collaborative governance is gaining popularity. However, how can it be truly collaborative? Decision-making systems with diverse stakeholders must deal with different positions, roles, interests, missions, observations, and values. The co P·R·I·M·O·V (Position, Role, Interest, Mission, Observation, Values) bioethics tool aims to improve the practice of sustainable, collaborative, and democratic development of technosocial initiatives through its user-friendly format for professional ethicists. The tool follows the logic of Conflict of Interest (CoI) analysis used in organizational ethics frameworks. CoI, as an analytical unit in ethics, allows the anticipation and management of problems that may compromise the short- and long-term activities of a program and its governance. This tool was built on a case study for the implementation of monitoring of antibiotic use in animal health in Quebec, Canada. The use of this bioethics tool is strategic and can help negotiate positions and thus co-construct a common frame of reference between the stakeholders in view of a collaborative governance favoring cooperation.
Subject(s)
Bioethics , Humans , Ethicists , Canada , QuebecABSTRACT
Yoghurt feeding inhibits induced colon cancer in mice. Several studies showed the immunomodulatory effect of yoghurt which can explain this inhibition. It is possible that yoghurt bacteria can also affect gut flora enzymes related to colon carcinogenesis as reported for other probiotics in different animal tumours. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of yoghurt starter bacteria and their cell-free fementation products on the reduction of procarcinogen enzyme activities (ß-glucuronidase and nitroreductase). Mice injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and fed with yoghurt were used for this study. Mice given milk or yoghurt supernatant (cell free extract) were used to evaluate if the yoghurt antitumour effect is due to the starter bacteria or other components released during fermentation, that could inhibit these enzymes. We determined that yoghurt by itself maintained enzymes activities similar or lower than non-treatment control group, and the enzyme activity was also lower than milk or yoghurt supernatant groups. DMH increased the activity of the enzymes. Mice injected with DMH and fed cyclically with yoghurt presented lower enzymes activities than the tumour control group. Feeding yoghurt decreased procarcinogenic enzyme levels in the large intestine contents of mice bearing colon tumour. The results of this study provide another mechanism by which yoghurt starter bacteria interact with the large intestine of the mice and prevent colon cancer
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Anticarcinogenic Agents , Antineoplastic Agents , Colonic Neoplasms/diet therapy , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms/diet therapy , Neoplasms/pathology , Gastrointestinal Tract/pathology , YogurtABSTRACT
Se analizan los asesinatos de recién nacidos desde enero de 1981 a diciembre de 1990 en el departamento provincial de medicina legal del hospital provincialde Cienfuegos, para ello fueron evaluados en base a un cuestionario confeccionado que abarcó, edad, ocupación, escolaridad y estado civil de las madres, el método utilizado por ellas para lograr su propósito en los recien nacidos, la frecuencia por año de ocurrencia y el municipio de procedencia en el periodo estudiadohubo 12 fallecidos recien nacidos considerados como asesinatos, lo que repercutió en cantidad devíctimas fue Cienfuegos, mas de la mitad de las madres eran desocupadas y jovenes entre 16 y 20 años, y no sobrepasaban la enseñanza primaria se comprobó como causa fundamental de la muerte la sofocación