[Analysis of the characteristics of viral infections in children with diarrhea in Beijing from 2018 to 2022].

Objective: To explore the characteristics of viral infections in children with diarrhea in Beijing from 2018 to 2022. Methods: Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect viral nucleic acid of Norovirus (NoV), Sappovirus (SaV), Astrovirus (AstV), Enteric Adenovirus (AdV) or antigen of Rotavirus (RV) in 748 stool samples collected from Beijing Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2018 to December 2021. Subsequently, the reverse transcription PCR or PCR method was used to amplify the target gene of the positive samples after the initial screening, followed by sequencing, genotyping and evolution analysis, so as to obtain the characteristics of these viruses. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Mega 6.0. Results: From 2018 to 2021, the overall detection rate of the above five common viruses was 37.6%(281/748)in children under 5 years old in Beijing. NoV, Enteric AdV and RV were still the top three diarrhea-related viruses, followed by AstV and SaV, accounting for 41.6%, 29.2%, 27.8%, 8.9% and 7.5%, respectively. The detection rate of co-infections with two or three diarrhea-related viruses was 4.7% (35/748). From the perspective of annual distribution, the detection rate of Enteric AdV was the highest in 2021, while NoV was predominant in the other 4 years. From the perspective of genetic characteristics, NoV was predominant by GⅡ.4, and after the first detection of GⅡ.4[P16] in 2020, it occupied the first two gene groups together with GⅡ.4[P31]. Although the predominant RV was G9P[8], the rare epidemic strain G8P[8] was first detected in 2021. The predominant genotypes of Enteric AdV and AstV were Ad41 and HAstV-1. SaV was sporadic spread with a low detection rate. Conclusion: Among the diarrhea-related viruses infected children under 5 years of age in Beijing, the predominant strains of NoV and RV have changed and new sub-genotypes have been detected for the first time, while the predominant strains of AstV and Enteric AdV are relatively stable.

[Clinicopathological analysis of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma secondary to Sjögren' s syndrome in salivary gland].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma secondary to Sjögren' s syndrome (SS) (SS-MALT lymphoma) in salivary gland and to explore the value of the combined application of histopathological morphology, protein expression and molecular phenotype in pathological diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of SS-MALT lymphoma. METHODS: Sixteen patients with SS-MALT lymphoma were collected from 260 patients who were diagnosed with SS in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 1997 to December 2016. Twelve patients with non-MALT lymphoma secondary to SS (non-SS-MALT lymphoma) in salivary gland were selected as controls. The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. All the patients were followed up until December 20, 2019. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques were used to observe the histologic characteristics and to detect the manifestations of light chain restrictive expression, immunoglobulin (Ig) gene clonal rearrangement, chromosome translocation and gene abnormality, so as to evaluate their values in pathological diagnosis and prognostic evaluation. RESULTS: The malignant transformation rate of SS to MALT lymphoma was about 6.15%, ranged from 3 to 240 months, during which 2 patients died due to high-level deterioration. Microscopically, the acini of the glandular tissue were atrophied and destroyed. The tumor cells dominated by central cell-like lymphocytes grew diffusely, destroying the epithelial islands. All SS-MALT lymphoma cases were positive in CD20 and Pax5. Half of them had the Ki-67 proliferation index of 10% or less, and half greater than 10%. 93.75% cases expressed AE1/AE3 protein, which showed the residual glandular epithelium. All the tumor cells were negative in CD3ε, and the plasma cells were detected by CD138 antigen. The light chain restrictive expression of κ and λ was 37.5% in SS-MALT lymphoma group. The positive detection rates of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH)-FR1, IgH-FR2, IgH-FR3, immunoglobulin kappa chain (IgK)-A, and IgK-B in SS-MALT lymphoma group were 33.3%, 53.3%, 33.3%, 20.0%, and 26.7%, respectively, and 93.3% when together used with IgH and IgK. The positive rates of the MALT1, IGH and BCL6 genes with dual color break-apart probes were 36.4%, 27.3% and 27.3%, and the detection rate of chromosome translocation and gene abnormality by applying the three probes was 72.7%. CONCLUSION: There are no specific histological characteristics and protein phenotypes in the histologic diagnosis of SS-MALT lymphoma in salivary gland. The combined application of histopathological manifestations, immunohistochemistry, PCR and FISH techniques helps the accurate pathologic diagnosis of the disease. Although SS-MALT lymphoma is considered as an indolent lymphoma with a relatively favorable prognosis, the regular return visit and long-term follow-up should be conducted to detect the clues of recurrence and advanced deterioration.

[Clinical features and prognostic factors of parainfluenza virus infections in adult patients].

Objective: To explore the clinical features and prognostic factors of parainfluenza viral lower respiratory tract infections in adults. Methods: A total of 70 patients withpositive nucleic acid of parainfluenza virus (PIV) admitted to China-Japan Friendship Hospital between August 2016 and November 2019 were enrolled. Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for viral detection were implemented to specimens (nasopharynx swab, sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage) obtained from all the patients, which was consistent with the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the status of immune function (immunocompromised group, n=26; immunocompetent group, n=44), and patients were divided into PIV infection group (n=43) and mixed infection group (n=27) according to whether there was mixed infection. Characteristics including age, gender, underlying diseases, symptoms, disease severity, imaging manifestations, etiology, respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation, vasoactive drug, antimicrobial drug and 30-day mortality between the groups were compared, and the prognostic factors of PIV infections were investigated using Cox regression. Results: The peak incidence of PIV infection time was in May, August, September and December, accounting for 58.6% of all cases. The enrolled 70 cases included 43 cases with pneumonia, 16 cases with interstitial lung disease and infection, 7 cases with bronchiectasis and infection, and 4 cases with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eight patients (11.4%) had no underlying diseases, 21 patients (30.0%) had respiratory failure, 18 patients (25.7%) were treated with mechanical ventilation, 15 patients (21.4%) died within 30 days after admission. The pneumonia severity index score, percentage of patients with ground-glass opacity according CT scan, with honeycomb or reticular pattern, with mechanical ventilation, with respiratory failure, with ICU admission, and 30-day mortality in immunocompromised group were higher than those of immunocompetent group [(91.5 vs 84.0), (60.0% vs 34.1%), (44.0% vs 11.4%), (42.3% vs 15.9%), (50.0% vs 18.2%), (38.5% vs 22.7%), (34.6% vs 13.6%)] (all P<0.05). There were 27 cases (38.6%) with mixed infection, including 17 viruses (24.3%), 19 bacteria (27.1%), 14 (20.0%) fungi (PCP, aspergillus) and 1 (1.4%) Mycobacterium intracellulare. Sixteen patients (59.3%) in the mixed infection group were immunocompromised patients and 21 patients (77.8%) had chronic lung disease. Cox regression analysis showed that mechanical ventilation and interstitial lung disease were independent predictors of prognosis in all patients, and mechanical ventilation was an independent predictor of prognosis in PIV infection group. Conclusions: Most of the patients with PIV lower respiratory tract infection in adults are complicated with underlying diseases and mixed infection, with a high 30-day mortality. Interstitial lung disease and mechanical ventilation indicate poor prognosis in these patients.

[Effects of CAD/CAM titanium alloy surface treatment and resin luting on shear bond strength and durability of composite resin].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of two surface treatments (sandblasting, SB; microarc-oxidation, MAO) and resin luting on shear bond strength and durability of titanium alloy and composite-resin. METHODS: Eighty cylindrical titanium alloy specimens with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 8 mm were fabricated by CAD/CAM technique. It was divided into two groups according to the surface treatment methods: sandblasting with Al2O3 particles on the surface of SB specimens; porous ceramic film structure could be formed on the surface of MAO specimens after surface treatment. Each group was classified into SB-resin luting-N group (not used), SB-resin luting-Y group (used), MAO-resin luting-N group (not used), MAO-resin luting-Y group (used) depending on whether or not resin luting was applied. Each specimen was bonded and cured with the Cemerage resin, and the shear bond strength after 0 and 5 000 thermocycling was tested. The results were statistically analyzed. The surface morphology of titanium alloy specimens before and after the shear bond strength test was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: The shear bond strength between titanium alloy and composite-resin was the highest in the SB combined with resin luting group after 0 thermocycling (16.2±1.8) MPa; was the lowest in MAO group after 5 000 thermocycling (8.9±1.5) MPa. The shear bond strength of SB and MAO surface treatment methods combined without resin luting group after 5 000 thermocycling were (10.7±2.2) MPa and (8.9±1.5) MPa, which were statistically lower than those in the thermocycling 0 (P=0.000 and P=0.001). The shear bond strength of SB and MAO surface treatment methods combined with resin luting group after 5 000 thermocycling were (15.5±2.1) MPa and (11.7±1.3) MPa, respectively, which were lower than those in the thermocycling 0 group, but there was no statistical significance (P=0.087 and P=0.234). CONCLUSION: Both the surface treatment methods of SB and MAO combined with resin luting can improve the shear bond strength and durability of titanium alloy and composite-resin. The SB combined with resin luting is more significant. At present, the effect of SB is better than that of MAO due to the limitation of technical parameters of micro-arc oxidation.

[The association between corneal biomechanical parameters and visual field progression in patients with normal tension glaucoma].

Objective: To evaluate the association between corneal biomechanical parameters and visual field (VF) progression in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) using the Corvis-ST device, and to evaluate the ability of corneal biomechanical parameters to predict the VF progression. Methods: Corneal biomechanical parameters of newly diagnosed NTG patients were obtained using Corvis-ST in the baseline follow-up visit. The VF progression was defined as a 4-point increase in the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) score compared to the baseline in three consecutive follow-up visits (per 3-6 months). Corneal biomechanical parameters were compared between progressive and nonprogressive VF loss eyes using the independent-sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between the corneal biomechanical parameters and the VF progression. Receiver operating characteristic curves were studied for the parameters and the sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing between progressive and nonprogressive glaucomatous eyes. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were also evaluated. Results: Sixty patients with NTG were enrolled in this study. Among them, 12 were lost to follow-up. A total of 48 patients completed all follow-up visits on schedule. Eleven of them were excluded due to one or more uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) during the follow-up (less than 30% IOP reduction from the baseline). Thirty-seven eyes of 37 diagnosed NTG patients were enrolled. Ten eyes reached a progression endpoint. There was no significant difference in age, central corneal thickness, axial length, baseline IOP or baseline VF between the two groups. There was significant difference in Time A1 [(7.10±0.17) ms vs. (7.37±0.28) ms, t=-3.357, P=0.002], Length A1 [1.74(1.61, 1.77) mm vs. 1.78(1.77, 1.79) mm, Z=-3.036, P=0.002], Velocity A1 [0.16(0.14, 0.16) m/s vs. 0.15(0.14, 0.15) m/s, Z=-2.627, P=0.009] and DefAmpl HC [(1.22±0.13) mm vs. (1.12±0.11) mm, t=2.601, P=0.013] between progressive and nonprogressive glaucomatous eyes. Correlation analysis showed that Time A1, Length A1, Velocity A1 and DefAmpl HC were correlated with VF progression (r=-0.521, -0.463, 0.401, 0.349, P<0.05) . Time A1 demonstrated the highest AUC (0.817, P=0.001), followed by Length A1 (0.780, P=0.003), Velocity A1 (0.734, P=0.012) and DefAmpl HC (0.713, P=0.022). The cut-off set of Time A1 was 7.2 ms, the sensitivity was 80.0%, and the specificity was 82.8%. Conclusions: There were differences in corneal biomechanical parameters between eyes with progressive and nonprogressive VF loss in patients with NTG. There were lower Time A1 and Length A1 values and higher Velocity A1 and DefAmpl HC values in progressive glaucomatous eyes. This indicates a quicker response to reach first degree applanation and a larger degree of corneal deformability in progressive eyes. It is predicted that the easier deforming of the cornea, the smaller tolerance of the sclera and lamina cribros on IOP, making the optic disc more vulnerably. This may be one of the causes of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Time A1 was the best parameter to predict the progression of VF among the corneal biomechanical parameters obtained by Corvis-ST. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 171-176).

[Meta analysis of parallel versus perpendicular double plating for distal humerus fracture of type C in adults].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of parallel versus perpendicular double plating for distal humerus fracture of type C. Methods: A standardized comprehensive literature search was performed by PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, CMB, CNKI and Medline datebase.Randomized controlled studies on comparison between parallel versus perpendicular double plating for distal humerus fracture of type C before December 2015 were enrolled in the study.All date were analyzed by the RevMan 5.2 software. Results: Six studies, including 284 patients, met the inclusion criteria.There were 155 patients in perpendicular double plating group, 129 patients in parallel double plating group.The results of Meta-analysis indicated that there were statistically significant difference between the two groups in complications (OR=2.59, 95%CI: 1.03 to 6.53, P=0.04). There was no significant difference between the two groups in surgical duration (MD=-1.84, 95% CI: -9.06 to 5.39, P=0.62), bone union time (MD=0.09, 95%CI: -0.06 to 0.24, P=0.22), Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MD=0.09, 95%CI: -0.06 to 0.24, P=0.22), Range of Motions (MD=-0.92, 95%CI: -4.65 to 2.81, P=0.63) and the rate of excellent and good results (OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.27 to 1.52, P=0.31). Conclusion: Both perpendicular and parallel double plating are effective in distal humerus fracture of type C, parallel double plating has less complications.

Effects of Varroa destructor on temperature and humidity conditions and expression of energy metabolism genes in infested honeybee colonies.

Varroa destructor mites pose an increasing global threat to the apicultural industry and agricultural ecology; however, the issue of whether certain environmental factors reflect the level of mite infection is far from resolved. Here, a wireless sensor network (WSN) system was used to examine how V. destructor, which has vital impacts on honeybee (Apis mellifera) health and survival, affects the temperature and humidity of honeybee hives in a field experiment. This approach may facilitate early identification of V. destructor in hives, and thus enable timely remedial action. Using quantitative PCR, we also evaluated the expression of two genes, adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR).The results showed that temperature in highly infested broods was higher than that in broods with low infestation. Moreover, mite infection in honeybee colonies was positively correlated with temperature but negatively correlated with humidity (P < 0.05). Similar to previous observations, quantitative analysis suggested that the expression levels of AKH and AKHR from honeybees with low infection were significantly higher than those from bees with high infection (P < 0.01). These results showed that the expression levels of these genes in colonies with high mite infestation were closely associated with changes in hive temperature and humidity. This study demonstrates that Varroa infection not only causes changes in temperature inside honeybee colonies, but also affects the expression of honeybee energy metabolism genes.

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in Ruditapes philippinarum.

Ruditapes philippinarum is considered a commercially valuable species, which is commonly found in tidal flats along West Pacific coasts. In China, it is mainly distributed in the southeast sea. In this study, 16 novel microsatellite loci from the R. philippinarum genome were developed, using the protocol of fast isolation by amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequence containing repeats. Thirty-two wild-caught individuals were used to evaluate the degree of polymorphism of these markers. Our results show that there were 10 polymorphic loci and 6 monomorphic loci. The number of alleles per locus and the polymorphism information content ranged from 2 to 6 and from 0.199 to 0.751, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.1333 to 0.6207 and 0.1603 to 0.7412, respectively. Of all loci, only one locus was found to deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. The loci identified here will provide useful information for future population genetic studies of R. philippinarum.

Isolation and characterization of eight novel microsatellite markers in Acanthopagrus schlegelii.

Acanthopagrus schlegelii is a warm temperate demersal fish, which inhabits the sediment substrate or rocky reefs in shallow seas. As this fish is a nutritionally endowed species with good palatability, it is a highly valuable commercial species for aquaculture and has a long historical standing in Western Pacific countries. Because the population of this fish is currently declining in China, studies and measures aimed at addressing this decline are needed. In this study, eight microsatellite markers were screened from 30 wild A. schlegelii fishes through the FIASCO method, whereby sequences containing repeats were obtained from amplified fragment length polymorphisms. The allelic number ranged from 3 to 5, with a mean number of 3.625. The average observed heterozygosity was 0.6290, ranging from 0.3214 to 0.8966, while the expected heterozygosity was 0.5435, ranging from 0.3452 to 0.6721. The value for polymorphism information content ranged from 0.313 to 0.666. These results show this population has moderate genetic variation and low genetic diversity. These novel polymorphic loci will be useful for future genetic studies of A. schlegelii.

Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite markers in Mercenaria mercenaria.

Mercenaria mercenaria, also known as the hard clam, is widely distributed in the coastal waters of temperate and tropical areas in the Asian Pacific region. This species is widely popular in the international market, especially in the United States, Europe, and other Western countries, because of its high protein value, taste, and simple farming requirements. In this study, 17 novel microsatellite loci from the M. mercenaria genome were developed using the fast isolation by amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequences containing repeats protocol. Thirty-two wild individuals were used to evaluate the degree of polymorphism of these markers. Results indicated that there were 11 polymorphic loci and six monomorphic loci, and the number of alleles per locus and the polymorphism information content ranged from two to six and from 0.059 to 0.498, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.0625 to 0.5333 and 0.0615 to 0.4977, respectively. The Y1-4 locus deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) after Bonferroni correction was applied, while the other loci were in HWE. These loci will provide useful information for M. mercenaria population genetic studies.

Isolation and characterization of new microsatellite loci in Fenneropenaeus penicillatus.

Fenneropenaeus penicillatus is one of the major economic shrimp species in China. In this study, 14 novel microsatellite loci were developed using the fast isolation protocol with amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO). Polymorphisms were tested in 30 individuals from a single-wild population. The results showed that the number of alleles at each locus ranged from two to four, and the polymorphism information content varied from 0.314 to 0.692. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.3343 to 0.6542 and from 0.3458 to 0.6657, respectively. Three loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after a Bonferroni correction was applied, while no deviations were detected in the other 11 loci. The new microsatellite loci identified in this study could be useful in future F. penicillatus population genetic, conservation research, population structure assessment, and linkage map construction studies.

Development of novel polymorphic microsatellite markers in Siganus fuscescens.

Rabbitfish, Siganus fuscescens, is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific regions and eastern Mediterranean. Its dwelling place includes reef flats, coral reef regions, and seagrass meadows in tropical area and reef areas or shallow waters in locations at high latitudes. In the present study, 10 new polymorphic microsatellite markers were screened from 30 wild S. fuscescens individuals, using a method of fast isolation protocol and amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequences containing repeats. The number of polymorphic alleles per locus was 3 to 5 with a mean of 4.3, while the value of polymorphic information content ranged from 0.283 to 0.680. The values of the observed and expected heterozygosities were in the range 0.3333-0.8462 and 0.3011-0.7424, respectively. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was not observed in this study. These polymorphic loci are expected to be effective in evaluating the genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow and in determining the paternity in S. fuscescens, as well as for conservation management.

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in Atrina vexillum Born.

Atrina vexillum Born is an economically valuable species, widely distributed in the coastal waters of temperate and tropical areas of the Asia Pacific region. Twenty one novel microsatellite loci were identified in the genome of A. vexillum Born using the protocol for fast isolation by amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequence containing repeats. Thirty-two wild type individuals were used to evaluate the degree of polymorphism of these markers. We identified 13 polymorphic and 8 monomorphic loci with the number of alleles per locus and the polymorphism information content ranging from 2 to 5 and 0.141 to 0.664, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.1250 to 0.7000 and 0.1223 to 0.6216, respectively. Two loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) after Bonferroni correction, whereas the other loci were in HWE. These loci are expected to provide useful information for population genetic studies of A. vexillum Born.

Screening and characterization of novel microsatellite loci in Lateolabrax japonicus.

Lateolabrax japonicus, an economically important species, is widely consumed in the offshore coasts of China, Korea, and Japan. We identified 10 new L. japonicus microsatellite markers, using a modified protocol of fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats. Thirty L. japonicus individuals were collected from Xiamen, China, to evaluate the degree of polymorphism. The number of identified alleles ranged from three to five. The polymorphism information content varied from 0.267 to 0.711, whereas the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.249 to 0.706 and 0.294 to 0.751, respectively. One of the 10 loci (L10) deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These new microsatellite markers will provide a useful tool for the determination of population genetic structure and genetic diversity in L. japonicus.

Association of miR-196a2, miR-27a, and miR-499 polymorphisms with isolated congenital heart disease in a Chinese population.

We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in certain microRNAs contribute to congenital heart disease (CHD) phenotypes. Five hundred and seventy-three subjects were enrolled in this study. DNA extracted from peripheral blood cells was used for SNP genotyping of miR-196a2 (rs11614913), miR-27a (rs11671784, rs895819), and miR-499 (rs3746444). Allele and genotype association analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between certain microRNA SNPs and three phenotypes of isolated CHD: atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). All the participants carried a homozygous CC variant of miR-27a (rs11671784). The homozygous CC variant of miR-196a2 (rs11614913, T>C) was negatively associated with ASD compared with the wild-type TT variant (OR = 0.379, 95%CI = 0.209-0.686, P = 0.001). The miR-196a2 C allele was negatively associated with ASD compared with the T allele (OR = 0.646, 95%CI = 0.491-0.849, P = 0.002). The statistically significant results were further confirmed by dominant and recessive model assays. SNPs of miR-27a (rs895819, T>C) and miR-499 (rs3746444, A>G) showed diverse association with ASD, VSD, or PDA, but the differences were not statistically significant. The rs11614913 (T>C) SNP of miR-196a2 is associated with ASD, and the homozygous CC variant and the C allele are protective factors associated with ASD. The homozygous CC variant and the C allele of the rs11614913 (T>C) SNP of miR-196a2 are associated with a significantly reduced risk of ASD.

[Clinical analysis of aphakic glaucoma following infantile congenital cataract surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence, occurrence time and types of aphakic glaucoma following infantile congenital cataract surgery. METHODS: The records of children who underwent surgery for congenital cataract within the first 24 months of life between January 2010 and January 2014 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively reviewed.Children with preoperative conditions associated with glaucoma were excluded.The following parameters were ascertained: age received cataract surgery, operation method, the incidence, occurrence time and types of glaucoma. RESULTS: A total of 205 patients (324 eyes) with an average surgery age of 13.9 months were included, and the mean follow-up time was 47.6 months.The operation method was cataract extraction combined with posterior continuous circular capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy.Twenty-nine patients (37 eyes, 11.42%) had subsequent development of aphakic glaucoma, 9 eyes of which (2.78%) developed early onset angle closed glaucoma, and the occurrence time was (4.2±2.6) months after cataract surgery; 28 eyes (8.64%) developed late onset open angle glaucoma, 26 of which was angle open glaucoma, and the rest two was angle closed glaucoma.The occurrence time was (37.5±11.0) months after cataract surgery. Twenty-nine patients (37 eyes) developed aphakic glaucoma had cataract surgery within 2 to 12 months (6.8 months on average). The rest 176 patients (287 eyes) who did not develop glaucoma had cataract surgery at 10 to 24 months (14.1 months on average). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of aphakic glaucoma following infantile congenital cataract surgery is 11.42%.Aphakic glaucoma is divided into two types of early onset angle closed glaucoma and late onset open angle glaucoma.The occurence time of glaucoma was 2 months to 64 months after cataract surgery.Late onset open angle glaucoma is the most common type.

[Imaging features analysis of Erdheim-Chester].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the imaging features of Erdheim-Chester. METHODS: A total of 7 patients with ECD confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.And the DR(n=5), CT(n=6, 3 patients underwent enhanced scan), MR(n=4, 2 patients underwent enhanced scan) and SPECT (n=3) features were observed. RESULTS: Among 7 cases of ECD, four cases of DR images showed luffa cystic changes.Five cases of CT images showed bone dissolved, four showed peripheral localized sclerosis, one showed symmetric sclerosis, No enhancement was found on CT scan.Four cases of MR images, three occurred as long T1 and long T2 signal, one occurred as short T1 and long T2 signal, and inhomogeneous enhancement.One case in soft tissue occurred as long T1 and long T2 signal, and inhomogeneous enhancement.Three cases of SPECT images were characterized by radioactive nuclide concentration of diseased region. CONCLUSION: When ECD lesions located in capitulum and metaphysis, most images of DR and CT show bone dissolved and peripheral localized sclerosis; MRI findings are complicated, the reason might be different proportion of mature and immature lipid components.SPECT would be a kind of effective measure of finding hidden lesion and monitoring curative effect.

Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, fatty acid synthase, and hormone-sensitive lipase in fat-tailed and thin-tailed sheep breeds.

Tail fat content affects meat quality, and it varies in different sheep breeds. Theoretically, lipid metabolism contributes to variation in tail fat content. Tail length, tail width, and tail girth were measured in live Tong sheep (with both short fat tail and long fat tail), Shaanbei fine wool sheep (long thin tail), Tan sheep (short fat tail), Kazakh sheep (hip fat tail), and Tibetan sheep (short thin tail). The expression levels of genes related to tail adipose tissue lipid metabolism were investigated, which included lipogenetic genes (PPARγ and FAS) and lipolytic gene (HSL). Differences were observed (P < 0.05) in PPARγ mRNA expression levels in the different breeds; FAS mRNA expression levels did not differ (P > 0.05) in Tong sheep with short fat tail, Tong sheep with long fat tail, Shaanbei fine wool sheep, and Tibetan sheep; HSL mRNA expression levels were not different (P > 0.05) in Tong sheep. PPARγ and HSL protein expression levels differed (P < 0.05) between the different breeds; FAS protein expression levels were different (P < 0.05) in Tong sheep with long fat tails, Tan sheep, Kazakh sheep, and Tibetan sheep, but did not differ (P > 0.05) in Tong sheep with short fat tails and Shaanbei fine wool sheep. These results provide useful information to further understand the function of PPARγ, FAS, and HSL in sheep tail lipid metabolism, which should be applicable to studies on the regulation of fat deposition and improvement of meat quality.

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in hybrid giant tiger grouper.

The hybrid giant tiger grouper is a fish that has considerable commercial value and has become increasingly important for aquaculture in South East Asia since 2008. In order to prevent any reduction in genetic diversity in hybrid grouper as a result of aquaculture, we have identified 21 microsatellite markers that can be used to estimate genetic variation in the fish population. The number of alleles at polymorphic microsatellite loci ranged from 2 to 7, and observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.0323 to 0.9643 and 0.0921 to 0.7174, respectively. Polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.088 to 0.737. Nineteen of the 21 loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.005) after application of the Bonferroni correction (k = 10), the exceptions being ZZLD35 (P < 0.005) and ZZLD36 (P < 0.001). No linkage disequilibrium was detected. These 21 microsatellite markers are potentially of great value for analyzing genetic diversity to provide essential information for sustainable management of these fish.