ABSTRACT
beta-Catenin/TCF/LEF1 signaling is implicated in cardiac hypertrophy. We demonstrate that knockdown of beta-catenin attenuates phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the up-regulation of the fetal gene Anf. We explore the mechanism through which beta-catenin regulates Anf expression and find a consensus binding sequence on the Anf promoter for TCF/LEF1 family members. LEF1 binds directly to the Anf promoter via this sequence, which shows functional significance, and PE stimulation enhances recruitment of beta-catenin onto the Anf promoter. Thus, we document a direct positive role of beta-catenin on PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and identify a new target gene for beta-catenin/TCF/LEF1.
Subject(s)
Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics , Cardiomegaly/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation , Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism , beta Catenin/metabolism , Animals , Cardiomegaly/chemically induced , Cardiomegaly/genetics , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1/metabolism , Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects , Phenylephrine/pharmacology , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , TCF Transcription Factors/metabolism , Transcription, Genetic , Up-Regulation , beta Catenin/geneticsABSTRACT
A continuous calibration system for high voltage current transformers is presented in this paper. The sensor of this system is based on a kind of electronic instrument current transformer, which is a clamp-shape air core coil. This system uses an optical fiber transmission system for its signal transmission and power supply. Finally the digital integrator and fourth-order convolution window algorithm as error calculation methods are realized by the virtual instrument with a personal computer. It is found that this system can calibrate a high voltage current transformer while energized, which means avoiding a long calibrating period in the power system and the loss of power metering expense. At the same time, it has a wide dynamic range and frequency band, and it can achieve a high accuracy measurement in a complex electromagnetic field environment. The experimental results and the on-site operation results presented in the last part of the paper, prove that it can reach the 0.05 accuracy class and is easy to operate on site.