Visualizing Intracellular Organelle and Cytoskeletal Interactions at Nanoscale Resolution on Millisecond Timescales.

In eukaryotic cells, organelles and the cytoskeleton undergo highly dynamic yet organized interactions capable of orchestrating complex cellular functions. Visualizing these interactions requires noninvasive, long-duration imaging of the intracellular environment at high spatiotemporal resolution and low background. To achieve these normally opposing goals, we developed grazing incidence structured illumination microscopy (GI-SIM) that is capable of imaging dynamic events near the basal cell cortex at 97-nm resolution and 266 frames/s over thousands of time points. We employed multi-color GI-SIM to characterize the fast dynamic interactions of diverse organelles and the cytoskeleton, shedding new light on the complex behaviors of these structures. Precise measurements of microtubule growth or shrinkage events helped distinguish among models of microtubule dynamic instability. Analysis of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions with other organelles or microtubules uncovered new ER remodeling mechanisms, such as hitchhiking of the ER on motile organelles. Finally, ER-mitochondria contact sites were found to promote both mitochondrial fission and fusion.

Subsecond periodic radio oscillations in a microquasar.

Powerful relativistic jets are one of the ubiquitous features of accreting black holes in all scales1-3. GRS 1915 + 105 is a well-known fast-spinning black-hole X-ray binary4 with a relativistic jet, termed a 'microquasar', as indicated by its superluminal motion of radio emission5,6. It has exhibited persistent X-ray activity over the last 30 years, with quasiperiodic oscillations of approximately 1-10 Hz (refs. 7-9) and 34 and 67 Hz in the X-ray band10. These oscillations probably originate in the inner accretion disk, but other origins have been considered11. Radio observations found variable light curves with quasiperiodic flares or oscillations with periods of approximately 20-50 min (refs. 12-14). Here we report two instances of approximately 5-Hz transient periodic oscillation features from the source detected in the 1.05- to 1.45-GHz radio band that occurred in January 2021 and June 2022. Circular polarization was also observed during the oscillation phase.

Trial of Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke with Large Infarct.

BACKGROUND: The role of endovascular therapy for acute stroke with a large infarction has not been extensively studied in differing populations. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, open-label, randomized trial in China involving patients with acute large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation and an Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score of 3 to 5 (range, 0 to 10, with lower values indicating larger infarction) or an infarct-core volume of 70 to 100 ml. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio within 24 hours from the time they were last known to be well to undergo endovascular therapy and receive medical management or to receive medical management alone. The primary outcome was the score on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days (scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater disability), and the primary objective was to determine whether a shift in the distribution of the scores on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days had occurred between the two groups. Secondary outcomes included scores of 0 to 2 and 0 to 3 on the modified Rankin scale. The primary safety outcome was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 48 hours after randomization. RESULTS: A total of 456 patients were enrolled; 231 were assigned to the endovascular-therapy group and 225 to the medical-management group. Approximately 28% of the patients in both groups received intravenous thrombolysis. The trial was stopped early owing to the efficacy of endovascular therapy after the second interim analysis. At 90 days, a shift in the distribution of scores on the modified Rankin scale toward better outcomes was observed in favor of endovascular therapy over medical management alone (generalized odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.69; P = 0.004). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 14 of 230 patients (6.1%) in the endovascular-therapy group and in 6 of 225 patients (2.7%) in the medical-management group; any intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 113 (49.1%) and 39 (17.3%), respectively. Results for the secondary outcomes generally supported those of the primary analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In a trial conducted in China, patients with large cerebral infarctions had better outcomes with endovascular therapy administered within 24 hours than with medical management alone but had more intracranial hemorrhages. (Funded by Covidien Healthcare International Trading [Shanghai] and others; ANGEL-ASPECT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04551664.).

High spatial-resolved heat manipulating membrane heterogeneity alters cellular migration and signaling.

Plasma membrane heterogeneity is a key biophysical regulatory principle of membrane protein dynamics, which further influences downstream signal transduction. Although extensive biophysical and cell biology studies have proven membrane heterogeneity is essential to cell fate, the direct link between membrane heterogeneity regulation to cellular function remains unclear. Heterogeneous structures on plasma membranes, such as lipid rafts, are transiently assembled, thus hard to study via regular techniques. Indeed, it is nearly impossible to perturb membrane heterogeneity without changing plasma membrane compositions. In this study, we developed a high-spatial resolved DNA-origami-based nanoheater system with specific lipid heterogeneity targeting to manipulate the local lipid environmental temperature under near-infrared (NIR) laser illumination. Our results showed that the targeted heating of the local lipid environment influences the membrane thermodynamic properties, which further triggers an integrin-associated cell migration change. Therefore, the nanoheater system was further applied as an optimized therapeutic agent for wound healing. Our strategy provides a powerful tool to dynamically manipulate membrane heterogeneity and has the potential to explore cellular function through changes in plasma membrane biophysical properties.

Brain age prediction via cross-stratified ensemble learning.

As an important biomarker of neural aging, the brain age reflects the integrity and health of the human brain. Accurate prediction of brain age could help to understand the underlying mechanism of neural aging. In this study, a cross-stratified ensemble learning algorithm with staking strategy was proposed to obtain brain age and the derived predicted age difference (PAD) using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The approach was characterized as by implementing two modules: one was three base learners of 3D-DenseNet, 3D-ResNeXt, 3D-Inception-v4; another was 14 secondary learners of liner regressions. To evaluate performance, our method was compared with single base learners, regular ensemble learning algorithms, and state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. The results demonstrated that our proposed model outperformed others models, with three metrics of mean absolute error (MAE), root mean-squared error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) of 2.9405 years, 3.9458 years, and 0.9597, respectively. Furthermore, there existed significant differences in PAD among the three groups of normal control (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with an increased trend across NC, MCI, and AD. It was concluded that the proposed algorithm could be effectively used in computing brain aging and PAD, and offering potential for early diagnosis and assessment of normal brain aging and AD.

Isolated Octahedral Pt-Induced Electron Transfer to Ultralow-Content Ruthenium-Doped Spinel Co3O4 for Enhanced Acidic Overall Water Splitting.

The development of a highly active and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst is desirable for sustainable and efficient hydrogen production via proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) powered by renewable electricity yet challenging. Herein, we report a robust Pt/Ru-codoped spinel cobalt oxide (PtRu-Co3O4) electrocatalyst with an ultralow precious metal loading for acidic overall water splitting. PtRu-Co3O4 exhibits excellent catalytic activity (1.63 V at 100 mA cm-2) and outstanding stability without significant performance degradation for 100 h operation. Experimental analysis and theoretical calculations indicate that Pt doping can induce electron transfer to Ru-doped Co3O4, optimize the absorption energy of oxygen intermediates, and stabilize metal-oxygen bonds, thus enhancing the catalytic performance through an adsorbate-evolving mechanism. As a consequence, the PEM electrolyzer featuring PtRu-Co3O4 catalyst with low precious metal mass loading of 0.23 mg cm-2 can drive a current density of 1.0 A cm-2 at 1.83 V, revealing great promise for the application of noniridium-based catalysts with low contents of precious metal for hydrogen production.

L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate alleviates white matter injury caused by chronic hypoxia through the PRMT5/P53/NF-κB pathway.

White matter injury (WMI) is one of the most serious complications associated with preterm births. Damage to oligodendrocytes, which are the key cells involved in WMI pathogenesis, can directly lead to myelin abnormalities. L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate (AS-2P) is a stable form of vitamin C. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of AS-2P against chronic hypoxia-induced WMI, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. An in vivo chronic hypoxia model and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model were established to explore the effects of AS-2P on WMI using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Morris water maze test, novel object recognition test, beaming-walking test, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. The results showed that AS-2P resulted in the increased expression of MBP, Olig2, PDGFRα and CC1, improved thickness and density of the myelin sheath, and reduced TNF-α expression and microglial cell infiltration to alleviate inflammation in the brain after chronic hypoxia. Moreover, AS-2P improved the memory, learning and motor abilities of the mice with WMI. These protective effects of AS-2P may involve the upregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and downregulation of P53 and NF-κB. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that AS-2P attenuated chronic hypoxia-induced WMI in vivo and OGD-induced oligodendrocyte injury in vitro possibly by regulating the PRMT5/P53/NF-κB pathway, suggesting that AS-2P may be a potential therapeutic option for WMI.

FokI-RYdCas9 Mediates Nearly PAM-Less and High-Precise Gene Editing in Human Cells.

The demand for high-precision CRISPR/Cas9 systems in biomedicine is experiencing a notable upsurge. The editing system fdCas9 employs a dual-sgRNA strategy to enhance editing accuracy. However, the application of fdCas9 is constrained by the stringent requirement for two protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) of Cas9. Here, we devised an optimized editor, fRYdCas9, by merging FokI with the nearly PAM-less RYdCas9 variant, and two fRYdCas9 systems formed a dimer in a proper spacer length to accomplish DNA cleavage. In comparison to fdCas9, fRYdCas9 demonstrates a substantial increase in the number of editable genomic sites, approximately 330-fold, while maintaining a comparable level of editing efficiency. Through meticulous experimental validation, we determined that the optimal spacer length between two FokI guided by RYdCas9 is 16 base pairs. Moreover, fRYdCas9 exhibits a near PAM-less feature, along with no on-target motif preference via the library screening. Meanwhile, fRYdCas9 effectively addresses the potential risks of off-targets, as analyzed through whole genome sequencing (WGS). Mouse embryonic editing shows fRYdCas9 has robust editing capabilities. This study introduces a potentially beneficial alternative for accurate gene editing in therapeutic applications and fundamental research.

Multi-omics analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying the responses of Casuarina equisetifolia ssp. incana to seawater atomization and encroachment stress.

Casuarina equisetifolia trees are used as windbreaks in subtropical and tropical coastal zones, while C. equisetifolia windbreak forests can be degraded by seawater atomization (SA) and seawater encroachment (SE). To investigate the mechanisms underlying the response of C. equisetifolia to SA and SE stress, the transcriptome and metabolome of C. equisetifolia seedlings treated with control, SA, and SE treatments were analyzed. We identified 737, 3232, 3138, and 3899 differentially expressed genes (SA and SE for 2 and 24 h), and 46, 66, 62, and 65 differentially accumulated metabolites (SA and SE for 12 and 24 h). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that SA and SE stress significantly altered the expression of genes related to plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways. The accumulation of metabolites associated with the biosynthetic pathways of phenylpropanoid and amino acids, as well as starch and sucrose metabolism, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were significantly altered in C. equisetifolia subjected to SA and SE stress. In conclusion, C. equisetifolia responds to SA and SE stress by regulating plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid and amino acids, starch and sucrose metabolism, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways. Compared with SA stress, C. equisetifolia had a stronger perception and response to SE stress, which required more genes and metabolites to be regulated. This study enhances our understandings of how C. equisetifolia responds to two types of seawater stresses at transcriptional and metabolic levels. It also offers a theoretical framework for effective coastal vegetation management in tropical and subtropical regions.

Boosting Thermoelectric Performance of PbBi2Te4 via Reduced Carrier Scattering and Intensified Phonon Scattering.

Materials with low intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity are crucial in the pursuit of high-performance thermoelectric (TE) materials. Here, the TE properties of PbBi2Te4-xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) samples are systematically investigated for the first time. Doping with Se in PbBi2Te4 can simultaneously reduce carrier concentration and increase carrier mobility. The Seebeck coefficient is significantly increased by doping with Se, based on the density functional theory calculation, it is shown to be due to the increased bandgap and electronic density of states. In addition, the lattice strain is enhanced due to the difference in the size of Se and Te atoms, and the multidimensional defects formed by Se doping, such as vacancies, dislocations, and grain boundaries, enhance the phonon scattering and reduce the lattice thermal conductivity by about 37%. Finally, by using Se doping to reduce carrier concentration and thermal conductivity, a large ZTmax = 0.56 (at 574K) is achieved for PbBi2Te3.5Se0.5, which is around 64% larger than those of the PbBi2Te4 pristine sample. This work not only demonstrates that PbBi2Te4 is a potential medium temperature thermoelectric material, but also provides a reference for enhancing thermoelectric properties through defect and energy band engineering.

In Situ Constructing Metal-Organic Complex Interface Layer Using Biomolecule Enabling Stabilize Zn Anode.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered as a promising candidate for next-generation large-scale energy storage due to their high safety, low cost, and eco-friendliness. Unfortunately, commercialization of ZIBs is severely hindered owing to rampant dendrite growth and detrimental side reactions on the Zn anode. Herein, inspired by the metal-organic complex interphase strategy, the authors apply adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to in situ construct a multifunctional film on the metal Zn surface (marked as ATP@Zn) by a facile etching method. The ATP-induced interfacial layer enhances lipophilicity, promoting uniform Zn2+ flux and further homogenizing Zn deposition. Meanwhile, the functional interlayer improves the anticorrosion ability of the Zn anode, effectively suppressing corrosion and hydrogen evolution. Consequently, the as-prepared ATP@Zn anode in the symmetric cell exhibits eminent plating/stripping reversibility for over 2800 h at 5.0 mA cm-2 and 1 mAh cm-2. Furthermore, the assembled ATP@Zn||MnO2 full cells are investigated to evaluate practical feasibilities. This work provides an efficient and simple strategy to prepare stabilized Zn anode toward high-performance ZIBs.

Optical Properties Prediction for Red and Near-Infrared Emitting Carbon Dots Using Machine Learning.

Functional nanostructures build up a basis for the future materials and devices, providing a wide variety of functionalities, a possibility of designing bio-compatible nanoprobes, etc. However, development of new nanostructured materials via trial-and-error approach is obviously limited by laborious efforts on their syntheses, and the cost of materials and manpower. This is one of the reasons for an increasing interest in design and development of novel materials with required properties assisted by machine learning approaches. Here, the dataset on synthetic parameters and optical properties of one important class of light-emitting nanomaterials - carbon dots are collected, processed, and analyzed with optical transitions in the red and near-infrared spectral ranges. A model for prediction of spectral characteristics of these carbon dots based on multiple linear regression is established and verified by comparison of the predicted and experimentally observed optical properties of carbon dots synthesized in three different laboratories. Based on the analysis, the open-source code is provided to be used by researchers for the prediction of optical properties of carbon dots and their synthetic procedures.

CdSe Quantum Dots Enable High Thermoelectric Performance in Solution-Processed Polycrystalline SnSe.

Here, a high peak ZT of ≈2.0 is reported in solution-processed polycrystalline Ge and Cd codoped SnSe. Microstructural characterization reveals that CdSe quantum dots are successfully introduced by solution process method. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy evinces that CdSe quantum dots enhance the density of states in the electronic structure of SnSe, which leads to a large Seebeck coefficient. It is found that Ge and Cd codoping simultaneously optimizes carrier concentration and improves electrical conductivity. The enhanced Seebeck coefficient and optimization of carrier concentration lead to marked increase in power factor. CdSe quantum dots combined with strong lattice strain give rise to strong phonon scattering, leading to an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. Consequently, high thermoelectric performance is realized in solution-processed polycrystalline SnSe by designing quantum dot structures and introducing lattice strain. This work provides a new route for designing prospective thermoelectric materials by microstructural manipulation in solution chemistry.

All-Scale Hierarchical Structuring, Optimized Carrier Concentration, and Band Manipulation Lead to Ultra-High Thermoelectric Performance in Eco-Friendly MnTe.

MnTe emerges as an enormous potential for medium-temperature thermoelectric applications due to its lead-free nature, high content of Mn in the earth's crust, and superior mechanical properties. Here, it is demonstrate that multiple valence band convergence can be realized through Pb and Ag incorporations, producing large Seebeck coefficient. Furthermore, the carrier concentration can be obviously enhance by Pb and Ag codoping, contributing to significant enhancement of power factor. Moreover, microstructural characterizations reveal that PbTe nanorods can be introduced into MnTe matrix by alloying Pb. This can modify the microstructure into all-scale hierarchical architectures (including PbTe nanorods, enhances point-defect scattering, dense dislocations and stacking faults), strongly lowering lattice thermal conductivity to a record low value of 0.376 W m-1 K-1 in MnTe system. As a result, an ultra-high ZT of 1.5 can be achieved in MnTe thermoelectric through all-scale hierarchical structuring, optimized carrier concentration, and valence band convergence, outperforming most of MnTe-based thermoelectric materials.

Evaluation and development of deep neural networks for image super-resolution in optical microscopy.

Deep neural networks have enabled astonishing transformations from low-resolution (LR) to super-resolved images. However, whether, and under what imaging conditions, such deep-learning models outperform super-resolution (SR) microscopy is poorly explored. Here, using multimodality structured illumination microscopy (SIM), we first provide an extensive dataset of LR-SR image pairs and evaluate the deep-learning SR models in terms of structural complexity, signal-to-noise ratio and upscaling factor. Second, we devise the deep Fourier channel attention network (DFCAN), which leverages the frequency content difference across distinct features to learn precise hierarchical representations of high-frequency information about diverse biological structures. Third, we show that DFCAN's Fourier domain focalization enables robust reconstruction of SIM images under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. We demonstrate that DFCAN achieves comparable image quality to SIM over a tenfold longer duration in multicolor live-cell imaging experiments, which reveal the detailed structures of mitochondrial cristae and nucleoids and the interaction dynamics of organelles and cytoskeleton.

Compact efficient high-power continuous-wave Nd:YVO4/KGW/LBO Raman lasers for selectable wavelengths within 559-603†nm.

Compact efficient high-power continuous-wave Nd:YVO4 Raman lasers for selectable wavelengths within 559-603 nm are achieved by using KGW crystal for intracavity stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and lithium triborate (LBO) crystal for intracavity sum frequency generation (SFG) and second harmonic generation (SHG). The LBO crystal with the cut angle in the XY plane for the type-I phase matching is used to perform intracavity SHG or SFG. Experimental results reveal that the participated Stokes lines include the internal vibration mode at 901 cm-1, the external vibrational mode at 209 cm-1, and the combination mode of the 901 cm-1 and 209 cm-1 Raman shifts. By tuning LBO temperature for attaining the maximum output power, the output spectrum reveals the triple peaks of 588.7, 595.7, and 603.1 nm with the intensity ratio of 10:4:1. Under this circumstance, the output power can reach the highest value of 10.8 W at a pump power of 40 W. Furthermore, the output spectrum can be simply concentrated on the single peaks among 588.7 (orange), 565.7 (yellow), and 559.1 nm (lime) by tuning LBO temperature to fulfill the selection of the critical phase matching. The output powers at a pump power of 40 W can be up to 8.0, 6.1, and 9.8 W for the single-peak emission at 588.7, 565.7, and 559.1 nm, respectively. Finally, a dual-peak emission of 565.7 and 572.3 nm with total output power of 5.2 W can be generated by tuning LBO temperature to match the SFG for 572.3 nm.

Association between Biomarkers of Phthalate Exposure and Serum Folate Concentrations in Children: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the NHANES from 2011 to 2016.

BACKGROUND: Although adverse health effects of phthalates have been reported, very few studies have assessed the associations between biomarkers of phthalate exposure and serum folate concentrations in children. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the association between urinary phthalate metabolites, as biomarkers of exposure to phthalates, and total serum folate concentrations in children using national data from the United States. METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 2100 individuals aged 6-18 y enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2016. Multivariable linear regression was applied to examine the relationship between natural logarithm (ln)-transformed urinary phthalate metabolites and serum folate concentrations. The quantile-based g-computation was used to assess the association of urinary phthalate metabolite mixture with serum folate levels. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, age, and race/ethnicity, and the interactions were assessed by adding interaction terms of these stratifying variables and phthalates and modeling through the Wald test. RESULTS: In multiple linear regression models, for participants in the highest tertile of MEHHP, MEOHP, DEHP, MCPP, and MCOP, total serum folate concentrations were 1.566 [ß: -1.566; 95% confidence interval: -2.935, -0.196], 1.423 (-1.423; -2.689, -0.157), 1.309 (-1.309; -2.573, -0.044), 1.530 (-1.530; -2.918, -0.142), and 1.381 (-1.381; -2.641, -0.122) ng/mL lower than those in the lowest tertile. The inverse associations were consistent in different subgroups by sex, age, and race/ethnicity (P for interaction ≥0.083 for all). In addition, the phthalate mixture showed a strong inverse correlation with serum folate; a quartile increase in the phthalate mixture on the ln scale was associated with 0.888 (-0.888; -1.677, -0.099) ng/mL decrease in the serum folate. CONCLUSIONS: Higher concentrations of urinary phthalate metabolites were associated with lower serum folate concentrations in children. Although our findings should be validated through additional population and mechanistic studies, they support a potential adverse effect of phthalate exposure on folate metabolism in children.

CircSTRBP contributes to H2O2-induced lens epithelium cell dysfunction through increasing NOX4 mRNA stability by recruiting IGF2BP1.

Previous studies have shown that the development of age-related cataract (ARC) is involved in lens epithelium dysfunction, which is associated with abnormally expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs). The current work aims to probe the role of circSTRBP (hsa_circ_0088,427) in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced lens epitheliums. Lens epithelium tissues were harvested from ARC or normal subjects (n = 23). CircSTRBP, spermatid perinuclear RNA binding protein (STRBP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit 4 (NOX4) levels were measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation, cycle progression, and apoptosis were assessed using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and flow cytometry assays. Caspase 3 activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX) levels were detected using corresponding kits. NOX4 protein level was determined using Western blot. The interaction between insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) and circSTRBP or NOX4 was assessed through RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). CircSTRBP and NOX4 abundances were increased in lens epithelium samples from ARC patients and H2O2-treated SRA01/04 cells. CircSTRBP knockdown might abolish H2O2-triggered SRA01/04 cell proliferation repression and apoptosis and oxidative stress promotion. In mechanism, circSTRBP is bound with IGF2BP1 and improves the stability and expression of NOX4 mRNA in SRA01/04 cells. CircSTRBP facilitated H2O2-induced SRA01/04 cell apoptosis and oxidative stress through by enhancing NOX4 mRNA stability via recruiting IGF2BP1, providing novel insights for ARC progression and treatment.

Association of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake with Allergic Rhinitis in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of NHANES 2005-2006.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of allergic rhinitis (AR) is increasing year by year, and the pathogenesis is complex, in which diet may play an important role. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in AR is still controversial. Previous studies have looked at the effects of PUFA during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence. In this study, we aimed to determine the association between dietary intake of PUFA and AR in adults. METHODS: We used the NHANES database from 2005 to 2006 to include a total of 4,211 adult subjects. We collected dietary PUFA intake data and information on AR. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were constructed to examine the association between PUFA intake and AR in adults. The t test was used to compare daily PUFA intakes in patients with and without AR. RESULTS: In the fully adjusted model (OR: 1.016; 95% CI: 1.003; 1.028), PUFA intake was positively correlated with allergic symptoms, hay fever, and AR in adults (p < 0.05). In addition, daily PUFA intake was significantly higher in people with allergic symptoms, hay fever, and AR than in people without the disease (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a positive association between dietary PUFA intake and AR in adults to a certain extent. Future studies on dietary PUFA dose will provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases such as AR related to non-pharmaceutical interventions.

Shaping and Doping Metal-Organic Framework-Derived TiO2 to Steer the Selectivity of Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction toward CH4.

Steering selectivity in photocatalytic conversion of CO2, especially toward deep reduction products, is vital to energy and environmental goals yet remains a great challenge. In this work, we demonstrate a facet-dependent photocatalytic selective reduction of CO2 to CH4 in Cu-doped TiO2 catalysts exposed with different facets synthesized by a topological transformation from MIL-125 (Ti) precursors. The optimized round cake-like Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst mainly exposed with the (001) facet exhibited a high photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance with a CH4 yield of 40.36 µmol g-1 h-1 with a selectivity of 94.1%, which are significantly higher than those of TiO2 (001) (4.70 µmol g-1 h-1 and 52.6%, respectively), Cu/TiO2 (001 + 101) (18.95 µmol g-1 h-1 and 69.6%, respectively), and Cu/TiO2 (101) (14.73 µmol g-1 h-1 and 78.9%, respectively). The results of experimental and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Cu doping dominating the promoted separation and migration efficiencies of photogenerated charges and the preferential adsorption on (001) facets synergistically contribute to the selective reduction of CO2 to CH4. This work highlights the significance of synergy between facet engineering and ion doping in the design of high-performance photocatalysts with respect to selective reduction of CO2 to multielectron products.