IGSF6 is a novel biomarker to evaluate immune infiltration in mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancer.

Immunotherapy has dramatically changed the landscape of treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC), but currently lack of effective predictive biomarker, especially for tumors with mismatch repair (MMR) proficiency. The response of immunotherapy is associated with the cell-cell interactions in tumor microenvironment, encompassing processes such as cell-cell recognition, binding, and adhesion. However, the function of immunoglobulin superfamily (IGSF) genes in tumor immune microenvironment remains uncharacterized. This study quantified the immune landscape by leveraging a gene expression matrix from publicly accessible databases. The associations between IGSF6 gene expression and immune cell infiltration were assessed. The expression levels of IGSF6, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and CD68+ macrophage cells in cancer tissues from CRC patients and CRC cell lines were evaluated. IGSF6 was more highly expressed in CRC tumor tissues than adjacent normal tissues. And IGSF6 was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration in MMR-proficient patients. Remarkably, MMR-proficient patients with high IGSF6 expression showed more sensitive to immunotherapy and chemotherapy than those with low IGSF6 expression. In summary, IGSF6 could be a novel biomarker to evaluate immune infiltration and predict therapeutic effect for MMR-proficient CRC.

Crohn's disease patients with L4-esophagogastroduodenal phenotype is associated with a better prognosis: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: In the Montreal classification, L4 Crohn's disease (CD) is defined as an ileal disease, including L4-esophagogastric duodenum (EGD), L4-jejunum, and L4-proximal ileal involvement. According to the previous studies, the prognosis of L4 disease was worse than that of non-L4 disease. Among L4 diseases, the phenotypes of L4-jejunum and L4-proximal ileum indicated that the risk of abdominal surgery was higher. However, the prognosis of L4-esophagogastroduodenal remains largely elusive. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether the prognosis differs between CD patients with and without esophagogastroduodenal involvement. Methods: In this study, patients with L4-EGD phenotype (n = 74) who underwent gastroscopy, ileocolonoscopy, biopsies, and CTE from 2018 to 2020 were compared with L4 non-EGD controls (n = 148) who were randomly selected at a ratio of 1:2 in the same period. Demographic information inclusive of disease conduct and location, important points of the surgery, and hospitalization have been collected. The distinction between L4-EGD patients and non-L4-EGD patients was identified by way of multivariable logistic regression analysis. The Kaplan-Meier technique was used to consider the possibility of abdominal surgical operation and complications, observed by means of Cox percentage hazard fashions to decide if L4 EGD independently estimated the endpoints inclusive of the abdominal surgery and the occurrences of complications. Results: L4-EGD group (n = 74) had a lower proportion of intestinal fistula than the control group (n = 148) (17.6% versus 34.5%; p = 0.009), and the probabilities of requiring abdominal surgery and multiple abdominal surgeries were also lower (21.6% versus 36.5%; p = 0.025), (6.8% versus 18.9%; p = 0.016), respectively. The frequency of hospitalization was lower in the L4-EGD group than in the control group (3-7 versus 4-9; p = 0.013). L4-EGD phenotype was found to be an independent protective factor for abdominal surgery and intestinal fistula in the Cox regression model, with HRs of 0.536 (95%CI: 0.305-0.940; p = 0.030) and 0.478 (95%CI: 0.259-0.881; p = 0.018), respectively. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the L4-EGD phenotype may have a better prognosis compared to the Non-L4-EGD phenotype. Our data may advocate a revision of the Montreal classification including separate designations for L4-EGD disease.

The Association Between the Development of Radiation Therapy, Image Technology, and Chemotherapy, and the Survival of Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Cohort Study From 1990 to 2012.

PURPOSE: Previous studies demonstrated that the radiation therapy, image technology, and the application of chemotherapy have developed in the last 2 decades. This study explored the survival trends and treatment failure patterns of patients with nonmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with radiation therapy. Furthermore, we evaluated the survival benefit brought by the development of radiation therapy, image technology, and chemotherapy based on a large cohort from 1990 to 2012. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data from 20,305 patients with nonmetastatic NPC treated between 1990 and 2012 were analyzed. Patients were divided into 4 calendar periods (1990-1996, 1997-2002, 2003-2007, and 2008-2012). Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging has replaced computed tomography as the most important imaging technique since 2003. Conventional 2-dimensional radiation therapy, which was the main radiation therapy technique in our institution before 2008, was replaced by intensity modulated radiation therapy later. An increasing number of patients have undergone chemotherapy since 2003. The 5-year OS across the 4 calendar periods increased at each TNM stage with progression-free survival (PFS) and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS) showing a similar trend, whereas distant metastasis-free survival showed small differences. Multivariate analyses showed that the application of intensity modulated radiation therapy and magnetic resonance imaging were independent protective factors in OS, PFS, LRFS, and distant metastasis-free survival. Chemotherapy benefited patients in OS, PFS, and LRFS. The main pattern of treatment failure shifted from recurrence to distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The development of radiation therapy, image technology, and chemotherapy increased survival rates among patients with NPC because of excellent locoregional control. Distant failure has become the greatest challenge for NPC treatment.