Active antibiotic resistome in soils unraveled by single-cell isotope probing and targeted metagenomics.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in soils represents a serious risk to human health through the food chain and human-nature contact. However, the active antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) residing in soils that primarily drive AMR dissemination are poorly explored. Here, single-cell Raman-D2O coupled with targeted metagenomics is developed as a culture-independent approach to phenotypically and genotypically profiling active ARB against clinical antibiotics in a wide range of soils. This method quantifies the prevalence (contamination degree) and activity (spread potential) of soil ARB and reveals a clear elevation with increasing anthropogenic activities such as farming and the creation of pollution, thereby constituting a factor that is critical for the assessment of AMR risks. Further targeted sorting and metagenomic sequencing of the most active soil ARB uncover several uncultured genera and a pathogenic strain. Furthermore, the underlying resistance genes, virulence factor genes, and associated mobile genetic elements (including plasmids, insertion sequences, and prophages) are fully deciphered at the single-cell level. This study advances our understanding of the soil active AMR repertoire by linking the resistant phenome to the genome. It will aid in the risk assessment of environmental AMR and guide the combat under the One Health framework.

Artificial intelligence-based prediction of clinical outcome in immunotherapy and targeted therapy of lung cancer.

Lung cancer accounts for the main proportion of malignancy-related deaths and most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy have great advances in application in clinics to treat lung cancer patients, yet the efficacy is unstable. The response rate of these therapies varies among patients. Some biomarkers have been proposed to predict the outcomes of immunotherapy and targeted therapy, including programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and oncogene mutations. Nevertheless, the detection tests are invasive, time-consuming, and have high demands on tumor tissue. The predictive performance of conventional biomarkers is also unsatisfactory. Therefore, novel biomarkers are needed to effectively predict the outcomes of immunotherapy and targeted therapy. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) can be a possible solution, as it has several advantages. AI can help identify features that are unable to be used by humans and perform repetitive tasks. By combining AI methods with radiomics, pathology, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and clinical data, the integrated model has shown predictive value in immunotherapy and targeted therapy, which significantly improves the precision treatment of lung cancer patients. Herein, we reviewed the application of AI in predicting the outcomes of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in lung cancer patients, and discussed the challenges and future directions in this field.

Targeting Rab26 to Conquer Cisplatin-Resistant Lung Cancer with Self-Assembled DNA Nanomaterials.

Overcoming cisplatin-based drug resistance in lung cancer remains an enormous challenge in clinical tumor therapy worldwide. Recent studies have reported that some Rab GTPases are involved in multiple aspects of tumor progression, including invasion, migration, metabolism, autophagy, exosome secretion, and drug resistance. In particular, Rab26 is essential to vital processes such as vesicle-mediated secretion, cell growth, apoptosis, and autophagy. In this study, we developed a nanosystem based on programmed DNA self-assembly of Rab26 siRNA-loaded nanoparticles (siRNP). We demonstrated that siRNP could be effectively transfected into cisplatin-resistant A549 (A549/DDP) cells. These siRab26-carrying nanoparticles induced apoptosis and inhibited the disruption of autophagy. The combination therapy of siRab26 knockdown with cisplatin could improve the antitumor therapy compared with a single one in vitro. In nude mice, siRNP enhanced the chemosensitivity of cisplatin-resistant cells and inhibited tumor xenograft development. These outcomes suggest that siRNP is an effective platform for lung cancer therapy in cases exhibiting drug resistance.

Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance and Potential Human Bacterial Pathogens in an Invasive Land Snail Driven by Urbanization.

Our understanding of the role urbanization has in augmenting invasive species that carry human bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the gut bacterial communities, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and potential antibiotic-resistant pathogens in giant African snails (Achatina fulica) collected across an urbanization gradient in Xiamen, China (n = 108). There was a lack of correlation between the microbial profiles of giant African snails and the soils of their habitats, and the resistome and human-associated bacteria were significantly higher than those of native snails as well as soils. We observed high diversity (601 ARG subtypes) and abundance (1.5 copies per 16S rRNA gene) of giant African snail gut resistome. Moreover, giant African snails in more urban areas had greater diversity and abundance of high-risk ARGs and potential human bacterial pathogens (e.g., ESKAPE pathogens). We highlight that urbanization significantly impacted the gut microbiomes and resistomes of these invasive snails, indicating that they harbor greater biological contaminants such as ARGs and potential human bacterial pathogens than native snails and soils. This study advances our understanding of the effect of urbanization on human bacterial pathogens and AMR in a problematic invasive snail and should help combat risks associated with invasive species under the One Health framework.

The research hotspots and trends of volatile organic compound emissions from anthropogenic and natural sources: A systematic quantitative review.

Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions have attracted wide attention due to their impacts on atmospheric quality and public health. However, most studies reviewed certain aspects of natural VOCs (NVOCs) or anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs) rather than comprehensively quantifying the hotspots and evolution trends of AVOCs and NVOCs. We combined the bibliometric method with the evolution tree and Markov chain to identify research focus and uncover the trends in VOC emission sources. This study found that research mainly focused on VOC emission characteristics, effects on air quality and health, and VOC emissions under climate change. More studies concerned on AVOCs than on NVOCs, and AVOC emissions have shifted with a decreasing proportion of transport emissions and an increasing share of solvent utilization in countries with high emissions and publications (China and the USA). Research on AVOCs is imperative to develop efficient and economical abatement techniques specific to solvent sources or BTEX species to mitigate the detrimental effects. Research on NVOCs originating from human sources risen due to their application in medicine, while studies on sources sensitive to climate change grew slowly, including plants, biomass burning, microbes, soil and oceans. Research on the long-term responses of NVOCs derived from various sources to climate warming is warranted to explore the evolution of emissions and the feedback on global climate. It is worthwhile to establish an emission inventory with all kinds of sources, accurate estimation, high spatial and temporal resolution to capture the emission trends in the synergy of industrialization and climate change as well as to simulate the effects on air quality. We review VOC emissions from both anthropogenic and natural sources under climate change and their effects on atmospheric quality and health to point out the research directions for the comprehensive control of global VOCs and mitigation of O3 pollution.

A new basic thoracoscopic surgical skill training and assessment system using automatic scoring techniques.

PURPOSE: We report a new thoracoscopic surgical skill training and assessment system with automatic scoring techniques, the Huaxi Intelligent Thoracoscopic Skill Training and Assessment (HITSTA) system. We also evaluated the discriminative ability of this system compared to our conventional scoring method at our institution. METHODS: We retrospectively collected training data of thoracic board-certified thoracic surgeons at West China Hospital, Sichuan University from January 1, 2018 to January 1, 2019. Surgeons were assessed by HITSTA system and human examiners simultaneously. Total scores were summed from 3 tasks (grasping with delivery, pattern cutting, and suture with knot). Bland-Altman analysis was used to test agreement of scores made by HITSTA system (automatic scoring) and human examiners (manual scoring). Differentiation ability was also compared between the two scoring methods. RESULTS: Thirty-nine surgeons were recruited. Scores made by HITSTA system and human examiners were not consistent. For suture with knot, automatic scoring method could detect the score differences between different training status (trained: 26.92 ± 12.04, untrained: 19.85 ± 11.12; p = 0.026) and training duration (< 10 h: 20.67 ± 15.23, ≥ 10 h: 31.92 ± 5.56; p = 0.003). For total scores, automatic scoring approach could discriminate between different training status (trained: 71.90 ± 12.63; untrained: 61.41 ± 13.87; p = 0.016) and training duration (< 10 h: 65.23 ± 15.31; ≥ 10 h 77.23 ± 6.94; p = 0.046). CONCLUSION: HITSTA system could discriminate the different levels of thoracoscopic surgical skills better than the traditional manual scoring method. Larger prospective studies are warranted to validate the differentiation ability of HITSTA system.

Nitrogeniibacter mangrovi gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel anaerobic and aerobic denitrifying betaproteobacterium and reclassification of Azoarcus pumilus as Aromatoleum pumilum comb. nov.

Denitrification is a vital link in the global bio-nitrogen cycle. Here, we isolated a strain (M9-3-2T) that is a novel benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-tolerant, anaerobic and aerobic denitrifying bacterium from a continuous BaP-enrichment cultured mangrove sediment. In silico comparative genomics and taxonomic analysis clearly revealed that strain M9-3-2T (=MCCC 1K03313T=JCM 32045T) represents a novel species of a novel genus named as Nitrogeniibacter mangrovi gen. nov., sp. nov., belonging to family Zoogloeaceae, order Rhodocyclales. In addition, the species Azoarcus pumilus is transferred into genus Aromatoleum and named Aromatoleum pumilum comb. nov. The predominant respiratory quinone of strain M9-3-2T was ubiquinone-8 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified aminophospholipids. In this study, the capacity of strain M9-3-2T to eliminate nitrate was detected under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, and the removal rates of nitrate were 6.1×10-6 µg N/l/h/cell and 3×10-7 µg N/l/h/cell, respectively. Our results suggested that strain M9-3-2T could play an important role in the nitrogen removal regardless of the presence of oxygen in natural or/and man-made ecosystems.

Additive-induced ordered structures formed by PC71BM fullerene derivatives.

We report the results of an experimental and theoretical study of structure formation in mixtures of phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) with high boiling octane based solvent additives 1,8-octanedithiol (ODT), 1,8-dibromooctane, and 1,8-diiodooctane obtained by evaporation of a host-solvent (chlorobenzene). Experimental studies by DSC, SAXS and WAXS methods found evidence of crystallization of fullerenes in the presence of the high boiling additives in the mixtures. A molecular dynamics simulation of a PC71BM/ODT mixture revealed the self-assembly of fullerenes into sponge-like network structures.

Viral Community and Virus-Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Soils Amended with Organic Fertilizers.

Antibiotic resistance is a global health concern. Long-term organic fertilization can influence the antibiotic resistome of agricultural soils, posing potential risks to human health. However, little is known about the contribution of viruses to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in this context. Here, we profiled the viral communities and virus-associated ARGs in a long-term (over 10 years) organic fertilized field by viral metagenomic analysis. A total of 61,520 viral populations (viral operational taxonomic units, vOTUs) were retrieved, of which 21,308 were assigned at the family level. The viral community structures were significantly correlated with the bacterial community structures (P < 0.001) and the dosage of applied sewage sludge (r2 = 0.782). A total of 16 unique ARGs were detected in soil viromes, and the number of virus-associated ARG subtypes was higher in sewage sludge treatments (except for 1 SS) than others. The network analysis showed that the application of the organic fertilizer increased the bacteria-virus interactions, suggesting that the chances of ARG exchange between viruses and their hosts may increase. Overall, our results provide a novel understanding about virus-associated ARGs and factors affecting the profile of viral community in fertilized soil.

Results of video-assisted thoracic surgery versus thoracotomy in surgical resection of pN2 non-small cell lung cancer in a Chinese high-volume Center.

PURPOSE: To investigate the short-term outcomes and long-term oncological efficacy of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for surgical treatment of pN2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with open thoracotomy (OT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected data from 1034 patients who underwent pulmonary resection and systemic lymph node dissection for pathological N2 NSCLC from September 2005 to December 2017 (536 patients in VATS group and 498 patients in OT group). Propensity score matching was applied to reduce the confounding effects. Factors affecting survival were assessed by Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The VATS procedure was associated with shorter operative time compared with the OT procedure (147.96 ± 58.91 min vs. 165.34 ± 58.91 min, P < 0.001). No significant difference was identified between the two groups in the number of dissected mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) and number of dissected MLNs stations. More patients after VATS procedure received postoperative adjuvant therapy (83.4% vs. 75.5%, P = 0.002). At a median follow-up of 36 (range 4-150) months, comparing VATS procedure and OT procedure, no significant differences were noted in 5-year DFS (20.7% vs. 22.5%, P = 0.89) and 5-year OS (30.7% vs. 34.5%, P = 0.821). The VATS procedure was not found to be an independent predictor of DFS (hazard ratio, 0.986; 95% CI, 0.809 to 1.202) or OS (hazard ratio, 0.977; 95% CI 0.802 to 1.191). CONCLUSION: In this large propensity-matched comparison, the VATS procedure offered comparable short-term outcomes and long-term oncological efficacy for patients with pN2 NSCLC when compared with OT procedure.

Cryobacterium soli sp. nov., isolated from forest soil.

A taxonomic study was performed on strain GCJ02T, which was isolated from forest soil from Baishan City, PR China. The bacterium was Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive and weakly oxidase-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile. Growth was observed at salinities of 0-6.0 % and at temperatures of 4-26 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that GCJ02T represented a member of the genus Cryobacterium, with the highest sequence similarity to Cryobacterium arcticum SK1T (99.5 %) and Cryobacterium zongtaii TMN-42T (99.5 %), followed by Cryobacterium psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.5382T (97.7 %), and other species of the genus Cryobacterium (96.4-96.9 %). The ANI and the DNA-DNA hybridization estimate values between GCJ02T and all type strains of species of the genus Cryobacterium were 72.5-84.5 % and 19.6-28.7 %, respectively. The principal fatty acids (>10 %) of GCJ02T were anteiso-C15 : 0(53.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (18.8 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 68.4 mol%. The respiratory quinone was determined to be MK-10. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, and one unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified polar lipid were present. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that strain GCJ02T represents a novel species within the genus Cryobacterium, for which the name Cryobacterium soli sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain GCJ02T (=MCCC 1K03549T=JCM 32391T).

Temporal Dynamics of Antibiotic Resistome in the Plastisphere during Microbial Colonization.

The increasing and simultaneous pollution of plastic debris and antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments makes plastisphere a great health concern. However, the development process of antibiotic resistome in the plastisphere is largely unknown, impeding risk assessment associated with plastics. Here, we profiled the temporal dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and microbial composition in the plastisphere from initial microbial colonization to biofilm formation in urban water. A total of 82 ARGs, 12 MGEs, and 63 bacterial pathogens were detected in the plastisphere and categorized as the pioneering, intermediate, and persistent ones. The high number of five MGEs and six ARGs persistently detected in the whole microbial colonization process was regarded as a major concern because of their potential role in disseminating antibiotic resistance. In addition to genomic analysis, D2O-labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy was employed to interrogate the ecophysiology of plastisphere in a culture-independent way and demonstrated that the plastisphere was inherently more tolerant to antibiotics than bacterioplankton. Finally, by combining persistent MGEs, intensified colonization of pathogenic bacteria, increased tolerance to antibiotic, and potential trophic transfer into a holistic risk analysis, the plastisphere was indicated to constitute a hot spot to acquire and spread antibiotic resistance and impose a long-term risk to ecosystems and human health. These findings provide important insights into the antibiotic resistome and ecological risk of the plastisphere and highlight the necessity for comprehensive surveillance of plastisphere.

Prognostic value of lymph node ratio in non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prognostic value of lymph node ratio in non-small-cell lung cancer. METHODS: We searched systematically for eligible studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline (via Ovid) and Cochrane library through 6 November 2018. The primary outcome was overall survival. Disease-free survival and cancer-specific survival were considered as secondary outcomes. Hazard ratio with corresponding 95% confidence interval were pooled. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted. Subgroup analyses were performed based on N descriptors, types of tumor resection, types of lymphadenectomy and study areas. Sensitivity analysis and evaluation of publication bias were also performed. RESULTS: Altogether, 20 cohorts enrolling 76 929 patients were included. Mean Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was 7.65 ± 0.59, indicating the studies' quality was high. The overall result showed non-small-cell lung cancer patients with lower lymph node ratio was associated with better overall survival (HR: 1.946; 95% CI: 1.746-2.169; P < 0.001), disease-free survival (HR: 2.058; 95% CI: 1.717-2.467; P < 0.001) and cancer-specific survival (HR: 2.149; 95% CI: 1.864-2.477; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis prompted types of lymphadenectomy and the station of positive lymph node have an important effect on the prognosis. No significant discovery was found in sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION: Patients with lower lymph node ratio was associated with better survival, indicating that lymph node ratio may be a promising prognostic predictor in non-small-cell lung cancer. The type of lymphadenectomy, an adequate examined number and the removed stations should be considered for more accurate prognosis assessment.

Sphingosinithalassobacter portus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Sphingomonadaceae isolated from surface seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative strain, designated FM6T, was isolated from surface seawater sampled at the port in Xiamen, PR China. Strain FM6T showed less than 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of species with validly published names. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FM6T belonged to the family Sphingomonadaceae and was closely related to species of the genera Sphingomonas (96.3 %) and Stakelama (96.0 %). Ubiquinone-10 was the predominant respiratory quinone. Cells were motile with a single polar flagellum. Growth occurred at temperatures from 20 to 45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH values between pH 6.0 and 8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0-1.5 %). Predominant polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, five unidentified glycolipids and five unidentified polar lipids. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (containing C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 63.8 mol%. On the basis of the results of phylogenetic analysis, combined with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain FM6T is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Sphingomonadaceae for which the name Sphingosinithalassobacter portus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Sphingosinithalassobacter portus gen. nov., sp. nov. is FM6T (=MCCC 1K03501T=JCM 32714T).

Zhengella mangrovi gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from mangrove sediment.

A Gram-negative strain, designed X9-2-2T, was isolated from mangrove sediment in Yunxiao Mangrove National Nature Reserve, China. Strain X9-2-2T showed less than 96.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to type strains of species with validly published names. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and rpoB protein sequences revealed that strain X9-2-2T formed a distinct monophyletic clade within the family Phyllobacteriaceae and clustered distantly with the genera Aliihoeflea, Phyllobacterium and Hoeflea. Cells of X9-2-2T were rod-shaped, motile with subpolar or lateral flagella and facultative anaerobic. Optimal growth occurred at 30-37 °C, at pH 7 and in the presence of 2 % NaCl. The DNA G+C content of strain X9-2-2T was 64.9 mol%. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c 56.0 %), iso -C17 : 0 (9.1 %) and C12 : 0 (6.6 %). The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified polar lipids. According to its morphology, physiology, fatty acid composition and 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotide patterns, strain X9-2-2T represents a novel species of a novel genus in the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Zhengella mangrovi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is X9-2-2T (=MCCC 1K03307T=JCM 32107T).

Litorivita pollutaquae gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium in the family Rhodobacteraceae isolated from surface seawater of Xiamen Port, China.

A Gram-stain-negative Rhodobacterales strain, designated as FSX-11T, was isolated from surface seawater of Xiamen port in China. Strain FSX-11T showed less than 96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of species with validly published names. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolate formed a distinct monophyletic clade within the family Rhodobacteriaceae and clustered distantly with the genera Thalassobius and Marivita. Cells of strain FSX-11T were non-motile, oval-shaped and facultative anaerobic. Optimal growth occurred at 20-30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2-3 % NaCl (w/v). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. Summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strain FSX-11T was 58.7 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotide patterns, strain FSX-11T represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Litorivita pollutaquae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FSX-11T (=JCM 32715T=MCCC 1K03503T).

Aortoesophageal fistula and arch pseudoaneurysm after removing of a swallowed chicken bone: a case report of one-stage hybrid treatment.

BACKGROUND: Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) and arch pseudoaneurysm are rare complications induced by a foreign body, and considerable controversy remains regarding the appropriate management strategies. We herein report a successful one-stage hybrid treatment in a patient with AEF and arch pseudoaneurysm. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient, a 40-year-old man, presented to the emergency room because of intense retrosternal discomfort for 3 days and hematemesis for 3 h. The esophagoscopy and thoracic enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed two irregular mural ulcers in the esophagus and a large saccular pseudoaneurysm at the aortic isthmus, respectively. The laboratory examinations confirmed no widespread inflammation and infection. We have successfully performed a successful one-stage hybrid treatment for this patient. Six-month follow-up shows the patient is in good condition and the esophagoscopy reveals the two mural ulcers had completely healed. CONCLUSION: The treatment decision-making process should depend upon the patients' specific situations. Our case suggest the one-stage hybrid treatment could be an valuable alternative in some selected patients.

[The Development of Huaxi Intelligent Endoscopic Skill Training and Assessment System].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a novel objective standardized endoscopic skill training and assessment system based on artificial intelligence technology. METHODS: By designing five basic skill parts of endoscopic operation including vision location, clamping, delivering, shearing and suturing, we achieved objective standardized indexes which gained automatically with image recognition and refined perception. RESULTS: With Huaxi intelligent endoscopic skill training system, the accurate rates of vision location, clamping, delivering, shearing and suturing were 90%, 95%, 99%, 90%, and 89%, respectively. The response and performance time were 8-10 s, <1 s, <1 s, 1-3 s, and <1 s, respectively. CONCLUSION: Huaxi intelligent endoscopic skill training and assessment system has preliminarily possessed the capability to assess the endoscopic skills of surgeons objectively.

Altererythrobacter mangrovi sp. nov., isolated from mangrove sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped, non-flagellum and non-motile bacterial strain, designed C9-11T, was isolated from mangrove sediment in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China. Growth was observed at temperatures from 15 to 37 °C (optimum 30 °C), at salinities from 0 to 4 % (optimum 0.5-2 %) and at pH from 6 to 8 (optimum 7). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain C9-11T was a member of the genus Altererythrobacter. Strain C9-11T was related most closely to Altererythrobacter oceanensis Y2T (96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by Altererythrobacter marinus H32T (96.5 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.5 mol%. The dominant fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c (41.6 %), C17 : 1ω6c (15.4 %), 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c (8.1 %), summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c 7.4 %) and C16 : 0 (6.2 %). The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and sphingoglycolipid. According to its morphology, physiology, fatty acid composition and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain C9-11Tbelongs to genus Altererythrobacter, but can readily be distinguished from recognized species. Strain C9-11T is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Altererythrobacter, for which the nameAltererythrobactermangrovi sp. nov (=MCCC 1K03311T=JCM 32056T) is proposed.