Effects of photobiomodulation on pain, lactate and muscle performance (ROM, torque, and EMG parameters) of paretic upper limb in patients with post-stroke spastic hemiparesis-a randomized controlled clinical trial.

The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the paretic upper limb in post-stroke patients with spastic hemiparesis and to understand the potential of PBM as a long-term non-invasive therapy for reducing the side effects caused by spasticity in the hemiparetic upper limb after a stroke. This is a double-blind randomized clinical trial constituted of 27 participants, being Control group (CG = 12 healthy individuals) and PBM group (PBMG = 15 post-stroke individuals). In the CG, the baseline blood lactate (BL) was evaluated, followed by the evaluation of the IC torque of the biceps and triceps muscles, with the isokinetic dynamometer associated with surface electromyography (EMG) and, subsequently, a new measurement of BL. The PBMG received 10 sessions of treatment with PBM (780 nm, Power: 100 mV, Power Density: 3.18 W/cm2, Energy: 4 J, Fluency: 127.4 J/cm2, Time: 40 s per point and 1.280 s total, Spot: 0.0314 cm2, 32 Points: 16 points (brachial biceps) and 16 points (brachial triceps) applied with contact at 90°, Total Energy: 64 J), which in the pre-treatment evaluation measured BL, the visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain; torque and EMG of the same muscles in the IC, subsequently, a new measurement of VAS and BL, and measurement of range of motion (ROM) during the reaching movement. At the conclusion of the ten sessions, all participants underwent a reassessment, wherein all tests originally administered during the initial evaluation were repeated. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. For related data, the paired t-test was used for normal distributions and the Wilcoxon test for non-normal data. For unrelated data, the t test was used for normal distributions and the Mann-Whitney test for non-normal data. Muscle torque was higher for the CG, with a significant difference (CGxPBMG = p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the EMG values of the CG in relation to the Pre-PBM phase and with the Post-PBM phase of the PBMG (p > 0.05). On the other hand, there was a 38% reduction in pain reported by hemiparetic patients (p = 0.0127) and a decrease in BL in the PBMG. Post-PBM ROM increased by 46.1% in the elbow extension of the paretic limb. In conclusion, Photobiomodulation (PBM) demonstrated significant improvements in muscle performance, reducing fatigue and pain levels, and enhancing range of motion in post-stroke patients with spastic hemiparesis. These findings support the potential integration of PBM into rehabilitation protocols, but further research and clinical trials are needed to validate and expand upon these promising outcomes.

The role of the early video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in children with pleural empyema.

PURPOSE: Pleural empyema (PE) is a collection of purulent material in the pleural space. PE's management in children is a challenge and an inappropriate diagnostic-therapeutic work up can lead to serious short and long-term complications. The aim of this study is to define the correct timing to approach a pediatric PE by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted including pediatric patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopy for pleural empyema between May 2005 and September 2022. RESULTS: 62 patients were subjected to VATS for PE (32 in Group Early VATS, 30 in Group Late VATS). It emerged that the elapsed period between the onset of symptoms and surgery correlates in a statistically significant way with the post-operative stay in intensive care (z score 4.3 and p value < 0.0001) and the analysis between early VATS, late VATS and postoperative hospitalization showed a statistically significant reduction of the post-operative hospitalization in the early VATS groups (p value < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: VATS resulted to be safe and effective for the treatment of PE in children, and an early minimally invasive thoracoscopic intervention (early VATS) correlates with better outcomes, specifically in terms of intensive care hospitalization and overall hospitalization.

Platelet-rich plasma therapy for postoperative esophageal fistula in a pediatric patient.

Postoperative management of esophagocutaneous fistulas in pediatric patients is challenging, often resulting in prolonged hospitalization and increased morbidity. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment for such complications. We present the case of a 7-month-old infant who developed an esophago-cutaneous fistula following esophagocoloplasty for esophageal atresia type A. Despite initial conservative management, the fistula persisted, prompting the application of PRP gel derived from umbilical cord blood. After four applications of PRP, complete closure of the fistula was achieved, leading to both functional and aesthetic results. This case highlights the potential of PRP in managing refractory postoperative esophageal fistulas in pediatric patients and underscores the need for further research to optimize treatment protocols and validate its efficacy for this sort of complications.

Laparoscopic ovarian tissue collection for fertility preservation in children with malignancies: a multicentric experience.

Introduction: Long survivors after childhood cancer are increasing thanks to oncological improvements. Their quality of life and fertility-sparing should be considered in the early phases of each oncological pathway. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue removed before starting gonadotoxic therapies is the only fertility sparing procedure available for prepubertal children affected by cancer and it does not affect the timing of the start of the treatment. Materials and methods: The present study shows the surgical and clinical outcomes following laparoscopic ovarian tissue collection (LOTC) for a total of 311 patients aged between 0 and 17 years old from four different European Centers. Results: Only two major complications were reported according to the Clavien Dindo classification (0.6%). Discussion: LOTC can be considered a safe procedure.

Testicular juvenile granulosa cell tumor: a case report.

The Testicular Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor (JGCT) is a rare testicular neoplasm that appears in the first months of life as a painless testicular mass. Following an accurate radiological ultrasound diagnosis, through which the cystic appearance of the lesion is observed, and histological confirmation, showing follicular growth pattern and an immunoreactivity for inhibin, the treatment process involves, when feasible, conservative surgery. We present the case of a 2-months old infant with a bilateral JGCT of the testis and we review the classical findings of the patology.

Choline supplementation: Impact on broiler chicken performance, steatosis, and economic viability from from 1 to 42 days.

This study was carried out to compare the impact of choline supplementation (available from two sources synthetic and natural) on various dosages in broilers. The mode of choline supplementation, via diet and additional sources, synthetic and natural, and the data of performance, carcass quality, blood parameters, and hepatic steatosis were compared. A total of 1050 day-old male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 10 treatments, using a completely randomized design model in a factorial scheme, with 6 replicates per treatment and 25 birds per replicate. Choline was supplemented using three sources: synthetic choline chloride 60% (CC), and two sources of natural choline A (NCA), and B (NCB). The Control treatment did not receive any choline supplementation. The diets were supplemented with low, intermediate and high doses of choline sources (400g/t, 800g/t, and 1200g/t of CC; 100g/t, 200g/t, and 300g/t of both NCA and NCB). Data analysis was performed using a factorial model to investigate the effects of choline supplementation (CC, NCA, NCB) and doses on the measured variables. Overall, the results indicated that the the performance of NCA was better than CC & NCB, specifically the dose of 100g/t of NCA outperformed MAR at 100g/t & CC at 400g/t, leading to a significant increase in body weight gain (85.66g & 168.84g respectively), and a noteworthy (9- & 12-point respectively) improvement in feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, NCA contributed to a reduction in steatosis when contrasted with various NCB & CC doses, likely due to the presence of curcumins and catechins in the natural choline source. These findings demonstrated that NCA supplementation yielded superior results compared to CC and NCB across both performance and liver health aspects in broilers aged 1 to 42 days. In conclusion, NCA can be used to replace the CC 60% without compromise on the zootechnical performance in broilers.

COQ7 defect causes prenatal onset of mitochondrial CoQ10 deficiency with cardiomyopathy and gastrointestinal obstruction.

COQ7 pathogenetic variants cause primary CoQ10 deficiency and a clinical phenotype of encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, or multisystemic disorder. Early diagnosis is essential for promptly starting CoQ10 supplementation. Here, we report novel compound heterozygous variants in the COQ7 gene responsible for a prenatal onset (20 weeks of gestation) of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and intestinal dysmotility in a Bangladesh consanguineous family with two affected siblings. The main clinical findings were dysmorphisms, recurrent intestinal occlusions that required ileostomy, left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, ascending aorta dilation, arterial hypertension, renal dysfunction, diffuse skin desquamation, axial hypotonia, neurodevelopmental delay, and growth retardation. Exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous rare variants in the COQ7 gene, c.613_617delGCCGGinsCAT (p.Ala205HisfsTer48) and c.403A>G (p.Met135Val). In silico analysis and functional in vitro studies confirmed the pathogenicity of the variants responsible for abolished activities of complexes I + III and II + III in muscle homogenate, severe decrease of CoQ10 levels, and reduced basal and maximal respiration in patients' fibroblasts. The first proband deceased at 14 months of age, whereas supplementation with a high dose of CoQ10 (30 mg/kg/day) since the first days of life modified the clinical course in the second child, showing a recovery of milestones acquirement at the last follow-up (18 months of age). Our study expands the clinical spectrum of primary CoQ10 deficiency due to COQ7 gene defects and highlights the essential role of multidisciplinary and combined approaches for a timely diagnosis.

Malondialdehyde Analysis in Biological Samples by Capillary Electrophoresis: The State of Art.

Lipid peroxidation occurs when substances, such as reactive oxygen species, attack lipids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are the main targets. Several products are formed, including primary products such as lipid hydroperoxides and secondary products such as malondialdehyde (MDA), the most used lipid peroxidation biomarker. As MDA levels are elevated in several diseases, MDA is an essential indicator for assessing pathological states. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay is the most widely used method for MDA determination. However, it lacks specificity. Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) is a separation technique that has been used to quantify MDA in biological samples. This technique has advantages such as the low amount of biological sample required, absence or low volume of organic solvent, short analysis time, separation of interferents, sample preparation step with only protein precipitation, and the possibility of direct detection of the MDA, without derivatization. To our knowledge, this review article is the first to show the CE background for analyzing MDA in biological samples. Therefore, given the potential of MDA in evaluating pathological states, this article demonstrates the potential of CE to become a reference method for MDA determination in clinical analysis laboratories, which will play a significant role in diagnosing and monitoring diseases.

Efeitos da suplementação de óleo de abacate sobre o perfil lipídico e índices aterogênicos em intervenção duplo-cego e randomizada em pacientes com síndrome metabólica / Effects of avocado oil supplementation on lipid profile and atherogenic indices in a double-blind and randomised intervention in patients with metabolic syndrome

Introdução: A síndrome metabólica é definida como um conjunto de condições clínicas que acometem cerca de 25% da população mundial e 29,6% dos brasileiros. Essa síndrome está relacionada ao aumento dos desfechos cardiovasculares, que podem ser preditos através do perfil lipídico. Compostos bioativos, tais como os ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (MUFA), são fortes aliados na prevenção desses desfechos. Um alimento importante por conter compostos bioativos e MUFA em abundância é o abacate. Há, porém, poucos estudos avaliando o efeito do óleo puro/virgem de abacate sobre o perfil lipídico em humanos com síndrome metabólica, e seus efeitos sobre os índices aterogênicos inexistem. Objetivo: O estudo buscou avaliar a suplementação de óleo de abacate sobre os níveis lipídicos e índices aterogênicos em pacientes portadores de síndrome metabólica. Método: 31 indivíduos adultos e obesos foram randomizados em grupo controle (óleo de soja) e grupo intervenção (óleo de abacate). Estes foram avaliados nos períodos pré e pós-intervenção (12 semanas) através de anamnese clínica e avaliação nutricional. Resultados: Observou-se que tanto o grupo controle quanto o grupo intervenção tinham a ingestão de lipídeos e gordura saturada maior que o recomendável. Quanto ao perfil lipídico e índices aterogênicos, não foi observada diferença significativa entre os períodos pré e pós. Conclusão: Os resultados podem ter se dado pela ausência do controle alimentar, sobrecarga de medicamentos, duração da intervenção, modo de administração e dose do suplemento. Logo, são necessários estudos futuros sobre os efeitos do óleo de abacate nessa população, que controlem melhor essas variáveis.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is defined as a set of clinical conditions that affect approximately 25% of the world's population and 29.6% of Brazilians. This syndrome is related to increased cardiovascular outcomes, which may be predicted by the lipid profile. Bioactive compounds, such as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), are strong allies in preventing these outcomes. Avocado is an important food because it contains abundant bioactive compounds and MUFAs. However, few studies evaluated the effects of pure/virgin avocado oil on the lipid profile in humans with metabolic syndrome, and its effects on atherogenic indices are not known. Objective:This study evaluated avocado oil supplementation on lipid levels and atherogenic indices in patients with metabolic syndrome. Method: Thirty-one obese adults were randomised into a control group (soybean oil) and an intervention group (avocado oil). These groups were evaluated in the pre- and post-intervention periods (12 weeks) via clinical anamnesis and nutritional assessment. Results: The control group and the intervention group had higher intakes of lipids and saturated fat than recommended. For the lipid profile and atherogenic indices, no significant difference was observed between the pre- and postintervention periods. Conclusion: These results may have been due to the absence of dietary control, medication overload, intervention duration, mode of administration and dose of the supplement. Therefore, future studies on the effects of avocado oil are needed in this population to better control these variables.

Effect of clinical treatments for metabolic syndrome on albuminuria: a systematic review protocol

Introduction:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) predicts cardiovascular disease, and patients with this condition and type 2 diabetes have increased albuminuria, significantly impacting cardiovascular mortality and kidney disease progression. A considerable number of interventions to control MetS exist and are considered efficient, including the use of medication and changes in lifestyle. However, which approaches are effective in controlling albuminuria remains unclear. This systematic review protocol aims to map in the available literature whether lifestyle, medication, and surgical intervention for MetS have an impact on reducing albuminuria in adult patients. Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic reviews will be followed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Embase, and MEDLINE/PubMed databases will be used. For the Gray Literature, the DART-Europe E-theses Portal. There will be no language restriction. Studies written after 2009 will be included due to the consensus and definition of metabolic syndrome. This review will include studies considering pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for controlling albuminuria in patients with MetS. Studies where MetS is described in children and adolescents, animals, pregnant women, and patients with type 1 diabetes will be excluded. First, the selection will be based on reading the title and summary of the texts retrieved in the search strategy, followed by reading the relevant texts in full by two reviewers. After the selection of the studies, the extraction of the data, analysis, and synthesis will be conducted according to the JBI methodology

Associação do risco nutricional com parâmetros clínicos e nutricionais de pacientes internados em um hospital universitário / Association of nutritional risk with clinical and nutritional parameters of patients hospitalized in a university hospital

Introdução: O reconhecimento do risco nutricional na admissão do indivíduo hospitalizado é fundamental, pois possibilita que intervenções nutricionais adequadas e especializadas sejam implementadas precocemente. Objetivo: Identificar o risco nutricional dos pacientes internados e associar com parâmetros clínicos e nutricionais. Materiais e Métodos: O estudo foi transversal, descritivo, cuja amostra foi não-probabilística, realizado em pacientes com faixa etária superior a 18 anos admitidos nas enfermarias de clínica médica e cirúrgica do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF/Ebserh). Para identificação do risco nutricional, foi aplicado instrumento de triagem nutricional (NRS-2002) na admissão hospitalar, além da verificação de peso, altura, dados demográficos (sexo, idade, raça/cor), clínicos (diagnóstico médico, tipo e número de comorbidades, tempo de internação hospitalar e desfecho clínico) e nutricionais (risco nutricional, uso e tempo em terapia nutricional). Para as associações estatísticas, foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher (a depender do tamanho amostral) para as variáveis categóricas e teste de Mann-Witney, para as variáveis contínuas. Em todas as análises foi considerado o nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Foram avaliados ao final 147 pacientes, sendo 74 (50,34%) do sexo feminino, 94 (63,95%) de raça/cor branca e 91 (61,90%) adultos. Apenas 15,65% desta população apresentou risco nutricional e este parâmetro foi associado aos indivíduos com doenças hematológicas (p= 0,02) e pulmonares (p= 0,02), àqueles em uso de terapia nutricional (p<0,01), ao maior tempo de internação (p<0,01) e ao menor Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) (p= 0,02). Os pacientes em risco que fizeram uso de terapia nutricional permaneceram mais dias internados. Conclusão: Este estudo revelou que o risco nutricional, determinado pela NRS-2002, apresentou associação significativa à presença de doenças hematológicas e pulmonares, bem como ao uso de terapia nutricional, número de dias em uso de terapia nutricional, maior tempo de internação hospitalar e menor IMC, estando em concordância com outros trabalhos. Os resultados poderão contribuir para a melhoria do serviço e do tratamento dos pacientes internados.

Introduction: The recognition of the nutritional risk in the admission of the hospitalized individual is essential, as it allows appropriate and specialized nutritional interventions to be implemented early. Objective: To identify the nutritional risk of hospitalized patients and associate with clinical and nutritional parameters. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional, descriptive, whose sample was non-probabilistic, carried out on patients aged over 18 years admitted to the medical and surgical clinic wards of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF/Ebserh). To identify the nutritional risk, a nutritional screening instrument (NRS-2002) was applied on hospital admission, in addition to checking weight, height, data demographic (gender, age, race/color), clinical (medical diagnosis, type and number of comorbidities, hospital length of stay and clinical outcome) and nutritional (nutritional risk, use and time in nutritional therapy). For statistical associations, the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test (depending on the sample size) were used for categorical variables and the Mann-Witney test for continuous variables. In all the analyzes considered a significance level of 0,05. Results: In the end, 147 patients were evaluated, 74 (50,34%) females, 94 (63,95%) white and 91 (61,90%) adults. Only 15,65% of this population presented nutritional risk and this parameter was associated with individuals with hematological (p= 0,02) and pulmonary (p= 0,02) diseases, those using nutritional therapy (p<0,01), longer hospital lengths of stay (p<0,01) and lower Body Mass Index (BMI) (p= 0,02). Patients at risk who used nutritional therapy spent more days in hospital. Conclusion: This study revealed that nutritional risk, determined by NRS-2002, was significantly associated with the presence of hematological and pulmonary diseases, as well as the use of nutritional therapy, number of days using nutritional therapy, longer hospital stay and lower BMI, agreeing with other studies. The results may contribute to improving the service and treatment of hospitalized patients.

Avaliação do consumo alimentar de pacientes em hemodiálise: comparação com recomendações do Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative / Assessment of food consumption in hemodialysis patients: comparison with recommendations from the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative

Introdução: A análise da ingestão alimentar de pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) em tratamento dialítico é eficaz para fornecer informações a fim de auxiliar no diagnóstico nutricional e nortear as condutas dietéticas necessárias. Objetivo: Analisar a adequação do consumo alimentar de acordo com as recomendações publicadas pelo Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) para macro e micronutrientes, além de avaliar a capacidade antioxidante total da dieta (CATd), de portadores de DRC. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 60 voluntários portadores de DRC em tratamento hemodialítico de um Hospital Universitário de Juiz de Fora ­ MG. A caracterização da amostra foi feita no período de junho de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020, através da aplicação de um Questionário Quantitativo de Frequência Alimentar (QQFA) e de coleta de dados pessoais, clínicos e comorbidades. As análises estatísticas foram conduzidas utilizando-se o software SPSS, versão 20.0. As variáveis numéricas foram apresentadas na forma de média (± desvio-padrão), mediana, mínimo e máximo, enquanto as categóricas em frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: Observou-se que 43% e 55% dos pacientes apresentaram um consumo calórico e proteico acima do preconizado pela KDOQI, respectivamente. Para os micronutrientes, foi observado que 77% dos pacientes apresentaram consumo de cálcio abaixo do recomendado e de fósforo 65% maior do que a recomendação atual. Percebeu-se que 67% e 40% dos pacientes apresentaram adequado consumo de sódio e potássio. O perfil lipídico da dieta dos pacientes, demonstrou uma desproporção da razão ômega 6/ômega 3, além de um CATd de 4,05 mmol/dia. Conclusão: Através do presente estudo podemos concluir que o consumo alimentar dos pacientes em hemodiálise avaliados apresenta algumas inadequações em relação às recomendações propostas pela literatura.

Introduction: The analysis of food intake in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing dialysis is effective to provide information to assist in nutritional diagnosis and guide the necessary dietary behaviors. Objective: To analyze the adequacy of food consumption according to the recommendations published by the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) for macro and micronutrients, in addition to evaluating the total antioxidant capacity of the diet (CATd) of patients with CKD. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study with 60 volunteers with CKD undergoing hemodialysis treatment at a University Hospital in Juiz de Fora ­ MG. The characterization of the sample was carried out from June 2019 to February 2020, through the application of a Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (QQFA) and the collection of personal, clinical and comorbid data. Statistical analyzes were conducted using SPSS software, version 20.0. Numerical variables were presented as mean (± standard deviation), median, minimum and maximum, while categorical variables in absolute and relative frequency. Results: It was observed that 43% and 55% of the patients had a caloric and protein consumption above that recommended by the KDOQI, respectively. For micronutrients, it was observed that 77% of the patients had calcium intake below the recommended level and phosphorus consumption 65% higher than the current recommendation. It was noticed that 67% and 40% of the patients had adequate consumption of sodium and potassium. The lipid profile of the patients' diet showed a disproportion of the omega 6/omega 3 ratio, in addition to a CATd of 4.05 mmol/day. Conclusion: Through the present study we can conclude that the food consumption of the evaluated hemodialysis patients presents some inadequacies in relation to the recommendations proposed by the literature

Hematoma subperiosteal orbitário secundário a barotrauma em aviação civil / Orbital subperiosteal hematoma secondary to barotrauma in civil aviation

RESUMO Os diagnósticos diferenciais que compõem as proptoses agudas são, muitas vezes, desafiadores. A anamnese e o exame clínico exigem do oftalmologista atenção especial aos detalhes que permitem diferenciar quadros relativamente benignos e autolimitados de quadros que evoluirão com incapacidades permanentes. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 49 anos que, durante viagem de avião, apresentou dor ocular, hematoma periorbitário e proptose do olho esquerdo súbitos. Referia diplopia aguda incapacitante. Exames de tomografia e angiorressonância magnética confirmaram diagnóstico de sinusopatia do seio etmoidal esquerdo e hematoma subperiosteal da órbita esquerda, associado ao barotrauma. Apesar de raro, o diagnóstico de hematoma subperiosteal não traumático deve ser considerado diferencial em relação a proptoses agudas, sendo a anamnese fundamental para essa elucidação diagnóstica.

ABSTRACT Differential diagnoses of acute proptosis are often challenging. History and clinical examination require from ophthalmologists special attention to details, which make it possible to differentiate relatively benign and self-limited conditions from those that will progress to permanent disabilities. We report a 49-year-old female patient who had sudden eye pain, periorbital hematoma and proptosis of the left eye during a commercial flight. She also complained of disabling acute diplopia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography imaging confirmed the diagnosis of subperiosteal hematoma of the left orbit, associated with left ethmoid sinus disease. Although rare, non-traumatic subperiosteal hematoma should be considered in differential diagnoses of acute proptosis, and history taking is fundamental to elucidate the picture.

Efeitos da associação entre espiritualidade, religiosidade e atividade física na saúde/saúde mental: revisão sistemática / Efectos de la asociación entre espiritualidad, religiosidad y actividad física en la salud/salud mental: una revisión sistemática / Effects of the association between spirituality, religiosity and physical activity on health/mental health: a systematic review

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar na literatura evidências acerca dos efeitos da associação entre espiritualidade, religiosidade e atividade física na saúde física e mental. Método: Revisão sistemática realizada em janeiro de 2019 nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS e SciELO, com os descritores "spirituality", "religion", "physical activity" e "physical exercise". Incluíram-se estudos primários realizados com adultos, publicados até 2018 em português, inglês ou espanhol. Resultados: Foram selecionados nove estudos, publicados entre 2011 e 2017, todos internacionais, com desenho transversal (55%) e nível de evidência quatro (78%). Oito estudos abordaram efeitos na saúde física e um abordou efeitos na saúde mental. Conclusão: A Associação entre espiritualidade, religiosidade e atividade física promove efeitos na saúde física e mental, porém as evidências disponíveis não são suficientes para que esta associação seja aplicada na prática clínica.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la evidencia en la literatura sobre los efectos de la asociación entre la espiritualidad, la religiosidad y la actividad física en la salud física y mental. Método: Revisión sistemática realizada en enero de 2019 en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS y SciELO, con los descriptores "espiritualidad", "religión", "actividad física" y "ejercicio físico". Se incluyeron estudios primarios realizados con adultos, publicados hasta 2018 en portugués, inglés o español. Resultados: Se seleccionaron nueve estudios, publicados entre 2011 y 2017, todos internacionales, con diseño transversal (55%) y nivel de evidencia cuatro (78%). Ocho estudios se ocuparon de los efectos en la salud física y uno de los efectos en la salud mental. Conclusión: La asociación entre la espiritualidad, la religiosidad y la actividad física promueve efectos en la salud física y mental, pero las pruebas disponibles no son suficientes para que esta asociación se aplique en la práctica clínica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify evidence in the literature about the effects of the association between spirituality, religiosity and physical activity on physical and mental health. Method: A systematic review conducted in January 2019 in the MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS and SciELO databases with the descriptors: "spirituality", "religion", "physical activity" and "physical exercise ". Primary studies carried out with adults published until 2018 in Portuguese, English or Spanish were included. Results: Nine international studies were selected which had been published between 2011 and 2017, with cross-sectional design (55%) and an evidence level of four (78%). Eight studies addressed effects on physical health and one addressed effects on mental health. Conclusion: The association between spirituality, religiosity and physical activity promotes effects on physical and mental health, however the available evidence is not sufficient for this association to be applied in clinical practice.

Efeitos da crioterapia associada à cinesioterapia e da estimulação elétrica em pacientes hemiparéticos espásticos / Efectos de la crioterapia asociada a la cinesioterapia y de la estimulación eléctrica en pacientes hemiparéticos espásticos / Effects of cryotherapy associated with kinesiotherapy and electrical stimulation on spastic hemiparetic patients

RESUMO A espasticidade causada pelo acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) é uma das principais causas de incapacidade funcional no membro superior. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o efeito da crioterapia associada à cinesioterapia e da estimulação elétrica na capacidade de preensão palmar do membro espástico de pacientes com AVE na fase crônica. Participaram do estudo 40 pacientes com idade média de 60,5 (±9,45) anos e hemiparesia espástica, divididos aleatoriamente em grupo A (GA): submetidos à crioterapia nos músculos flexores de punho e cinesioterapia nos músculos flexores e extensores de punho; e grupo B (GB): submetidos à estimulação elétrica nos músculos extensores de punho. A capacidade de preensão palmar foi avaliada por meio de um dinamômetro de bulbo antes, depois de 16 atendimentos e um mês após o término do tratamento. Os resultados demonstraram que houve aumento da capacidade de preensão palmar no GA (p=0,0244) e GB (p=0,0144) após o tratamento, com manutenção um mês após seu término (p=0,6002 e 0,3066 respectivamente), sem diferença estatística entre estes. Os achados apontam que ambos os recursos terapêuticos foram eficazes para o aumento da capacidade de preensão palmar dos participantes do estudo.

RESUMEN La espasticidad causada por el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) es una de las principales causas de incapacidad funcional en el miembro superior. El objetivo del estudio fue verificar el efecto de la crioterapia asociada a la cinesioterapia y de la estimulación eléctrica en la capacidad de prensión palmar del miembro espástico de pacientes con ACV en fase crónica. Participaron del estudio 40 pacientes con edad media de 60,5 (±9,45) años y hemiparesia espástica, divididos aleatoriamente en grupo A (GA) -sometidos a la crioterapia en los músculos flexores del puño y cinesioterapia en los músculos flexores y extensores del puño - y grupo B (GB) - sometidos a la estimulación eléctrica en los músculos extensores del puño. Se evaluó la capacidad de prensión palmar por medio de un dinamómetro neumático antes del tratamiento, después de 16 atendimientos y un mes después del término del tratamiento. Los resultados demostraron un aumento de la capacidad de prensión palmar en el GA (p=0,0244) y en el GB (p=0,0144) después del tratamiento, con mantenimiento un mes después de su término (p=0,6002 y 0,3066 respectivamente), sin diferencia estadística entre éstos. Los hallazgos apuntan que ambos recursos terapéuticos fueron eficaces para aumentar la capacidad de prensión palmar de los participantes del estudio.

ABSTRACT Spasticity caused by stroke is a cause of functional disability of the upper extremity. The aim of this study was to check the effect of cryotherapy associated with kinesiotherapy and electrical stimulation on the palmar grip strength of the spastic limb of stroke patients in the chronic phase. Forty patients whose mean age was 60.5 (±9.45) years old and who had spastic hemiparesis participated in the study, having been randomly sorted into group A (GA): submitted to cryotherapy on the wrist flexors and kinesiotherapy on the wrist flexors and wrist extensors, and Group B (GB): submitted to electrical stimulation on the wrist extensors. Palmar grip strength was evaluated by a bulb dynamometer before, after 16 sessions and one month after the end of treatment. The results showed that there was an increase in palmar grip strength in GA (p=0.0244) and GB (p=0.0144) after treatment, with maintenance one month after its completion (p=0.6002 and 0.3066, respectively), and no statistical difference was observed between them. The findings indicate that both therapeutic resources were effective in increasing the study participants' palmar grip strength.

Questionários para avaliação do nível de atividade física habitual em adolescentes brasileiros: uma revisão sistemática / Questionnaires to assess the habitual physical activity level among Brazilian adolescents: a systematic review / Revisión sistemática de los cuestionarios para evaluar el nivel de actividad física entre los adolescentes brasileños

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar diferentes questionários usados para medir o nível de atividade física (NAF) em adolescentes brasileiros entre 2007 e 2012. Para o desenvolvimento desta revisão, foram selecionados artigos que usavam questionários validados aplicados em adolescentes entre 10 e 19 anos. Após as buscas selecionaram-se 26 artigos para revisão. Foram encontrados mais de 10 modelos diferentes de questionários, o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) foi o usado com maior frequência entre os artigos pesquisados (28%), o que pode ser justificado por sua abrangência global. O uso de diferentes modelos de questionários dificulta a comparação dos resultados. Recomenda-se a adoção de um questionário único para a medida do NAF de adolescentes brasileiros.

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify different questionnaires used to measure the physical activity level (PAL) in Brazilian adolescents between 2007 to 2012. For the development of this review, articles that used validated questionnaires applied in 10-19 year old adolescents were selected. Then, 26 articles were selected for review. Were found more than 10 different models of questionnaires, being the IPAQ the most used (28%), what may be justified due to its global reach. The use of different questionnaire templates makes it difficult to compare results. The adoption of a single questionnaire for the PAL measurement in Brazilian adolescents is recommended.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar los diferentes cuestionarios usados para medir el nivel de actividad física (NAF) en adolescentes brasileños entre los años 2007 y 2012. Para el desarrollo de esta revisión, se seleccionaron artículos que utilizaban cuestionarios validados en adolescentes de 10 a 19 años. Tras las búsquedas, se seleccionaron 26 artículos para su revisión. Se encontraron más de 10 modelos distintos de cuestionarios, entre los cuales el IPAQ se utiliza con mayor frecuencia en los diferentes artículos revisados (28%), lo que puede justificarse por su alcance global. El uso de diferentes modelos de cuestionarios dificulta la comparación de los resultados. Se recomienda la adopción de un único cuestionario para la medición del NAF de los adolescentes brasileños, lo cual es una necesidad perentoria.

Were policies in Brazil effective to reducing trans fat from industrial origin in foods?

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the trans fatty acids content of processed foods frequently consumed by adults living in a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, after the enactment of a mandatory trans fatty acids labelling policy. METHODS Between February 2014 and January 2015, a specifically dietary questionnaire was completed by 107 adults to assess the frequency of processed foods consumption. The most commonly consumed products from the survey, including vegetable oils, margarine, biscuits, snacks, cheese bread (pão de queijo), french fries, cheeseburger and ice cream, were then analyzed for their trans fatty acids content using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. RESULTS Differences in the levels of trans fatty acids were observed among 22 products analyzed, considering that trans fatty acids content ranged between 0.0 g/100 g in samples of cream cracker biscuit 1 and olive oil to 0.83 g/100 g in samples of cheeseburger (fast food), 0.51 g/100 g in samples of frozen pão de queijo and 12.92 g/100 g in samples of chocolate sandwich cookies with cream filling 2. The overall trans fatty acids content of the different samples of margarine brands was 0.20 g/100 g for brand 1 and 0.0 g/100 g for brand 2. These data are significantly lower than those observed in a survey conducted in 2003, when the regulation had been enacted. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that Brazilian regulation is very likely implicated in the observed drop in trans fatty acids of the most processed foods but has yet to eliminate them, which reinforces the urgent need to revise the legislation, since a minimum amount of trans fat does not mean that the food product does not contain this type of fat.

EFEITOS DA CANOAGEM ADAPTADA SOBRE O SISTEMA CARDIOPULMONAR DE PARAPLÉGICOS / EFFECTS OF ADAPTED CANOEING ON THE CARDIOPULMONARY SYSTEM OF PARAPLEGICS / EFECTOS DEL PIRAGÜISMO ADAPTADO SOBRE EL SISTEMA CARDIOPULMONAR DE PARAPLÉJICOS

RESUMO Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares e pulmonares estão entre as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade de indivíduos com lesão medular (LM). O treinamento físico pode ser uma alternativa terapêutica para prevenir ou amenizar complicações cardiopulmonares nessa população. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento com canoagem adaptada, constituído por exercícios combinados (aeróbicos e de força), sobre variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC), função pulmonar e força muscular respiratória de pessoas paraplégicas em decorrência da LM. Métodos: Participaram do estudo seis paraplégicos, cinco homens e uma mulher, média de idade de 31,50 ± 7,68 anos e índice de massa corporal médio de 24,00 ± 1,13 kg/m², nível de lesão de T4 a T9, que realizaram treinamento com canoagem adaptada por três meses. Os indivíduos foram avaliados por VFC, espirometria e manovacuometria antes e depois do treinamento. Resultados: Após o treinamento houve aumento não significativo de RR (12,7%), SDNN (24,3%), rMSSD (50,0%), pNN50 (478,6%), LF (ms²) (53,3%), HF (ms²) (158,8%), SD1 (50,6%), SD2 (23,2%) e SampEn (20,2%). Os índices HF (u.n) e LF/HF tiveram redução não significativa de 5,7 e 7,0%, respectivamente. Os maiores ganhos respiratórios foram para VVM (9,7%), Pimáx (8,5%) e Pemáx (11,0%), porém, não foram significativos. Conclusão: O protocolo proposto de três meses de canoagem adaptada não foi capaz de promover efeitos significativos sobre os parâmetros cardiopulmonares avaliados em indivíduos paraplégicos pós-LM, porém se observa uma tendência de melhora da maioria desses parâmetros. Nesse sentido, provavelmente, o estímulo de treinamento foi insuficiente.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Physical training can be an alternative therapy to prevent or mitigate cardiopulmonary complications in this population. Objective: To evaluate the effects of training with adapted canoeing, consisting of combined exercise (aerobic and strength) on heart rate variability (HRV), pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in paraplegics due to SCI. Methods: The study included six paraplegics, five men and one woman, average age of 31.50 ± 7.68 years and mean body mass index of 24.00 ± 1.13 kg/m², level of injury T4 to T9, who underwent training with adapted canoeing for three months. Subjects were evaluated by HRV, spirometry and manovacuometer before and after the training period. Results: After training there was no significant increase in RR (12.7%), SDNN (24.3%), rMSSD (50.0%), pNN50 (478.6%), LF (ms²) (53.3%), HF (ms²) (158.8%) SD1 (50.6%), SD2 (23.2%) and SampEn (20.2%). The HF indices (un) and LF/HF showed no significant decrease of 5.7 and 7.0%, respectively. The highest breathing gains were for MVV (9.7%), MIP (8.5%) and MEP (11.0%), being however not significant. Conclusion: The proposed protocol of three months of adapted canoeing failed to promote significant effects on cardiopulmonary parameters evaluated in paraplegic subjects after SCI, but we observe the trend of improvement in most of these parameters. In this sense, probably the training stimulus was insufficient.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares y pulmonares se encuentran entre las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en las personas con lesión de la médula espinal (LME). El entrenamiento físico puede ser una alternativa terapéutica para prevenir o mitigar las complicaciones cardiopulmonares en esta población. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento con piragüismo adaptado, que consiste en el ejercicio combinado (aeróbico y fuerza) en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC), la función pulmonar y la fuerza de los músculos respiratorios en los parapléjicos debido a LME. Métodos: El estudio incluyó seis parapléjicos, cinco hombres y una mujer, la edad promedio fue 31.50 ± 7,68 años y el índice de masa corporal promedio fue 24,00 ± 1,13 kg/m² y nivel de la lesión de T4 a T9, que se sometieran a entrenamiento de piragüismo adaptado con duración de tres meses. Los sujetos fueron evaluados por la VFC, la espirometría y el manovacuómetro antes y después del entrenamiento. Resultados: Después del entrenamiento no hubo un aumento significativo en RR (12,7%), SDNN (24,3%), rMSSD (50,0%), pNN50 (478,6%), LF (ms²) (53,3 %), HF (ms²) (158,8%), SD1 (50,6%), SD2 (23,2%) y SampEn (20,2%). Los índices de HF (u.n) y LF/HF tuvieron una reducción no significativa de 5,7% y 7,0%, respectivamente. Las mayores ganancias respiratorias fueran de MVV (9,7%), PImáx (8,5%) y PEmáx (11,0%), sin embargo, no fueron significativas. Conclusión: El protocolo propuesto de tres meses de piragüismo adaptado no fue capaz de promover efectos significativos en los parámetros cardiopulmonares evaluados en parapléjicos post-LME, pero se observó una tendencia al mejoramiento de la mayoría de estos parámetros. En este sentido, probablemente el estímulo de entrenamiento ha sido insuficiente.

Effects of vibration therapy in the musculoskeletal system in post-surgical breast cancer women: longitudinal controlled clinical study

Abstract: Introduction The biomechanical changes that arise after breast cancer increase the need for new rehabilitation programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate medium- and long-term effects of vibration therapy on pain intensity, range of motion, myoelectric activity, and muscle strength of post-surgical breast cancer women. Methods This controlled longitudinal clinical study was composed of 14 breast cancer women, who underwent vibration therapy treatment (VTG), and 14 healthy women, who constituted the control group (CG). The VTG performed ten 15-minutes sessions of vibration therapy on their affected upper limb. The volunteers were evaluated before and after treatment protocol, and three months later. Results We observed an attenuation of pain intensity after vibration therapy (p < 0.0001) and significant increase in range of motion during extension, abduction, and adduction movements of the horizontal shoulder. We noticed a trend in the reduction of compensatory movements, which activated the muscle contraction mechanism. The scapular dynamometer values for shoulder strength were significant. The VTG had less muscle strength than the CG in all situations: before treatment (p < 0.0001), after treatment (p = 0.0024), and 3 months later (p = 0.0008). The VTG increased muscle strength after treatment (p = 0.0005) and 3 months later (p = 0.0006). Conclusion Vibration therapy attenuated pain symptoms, improved shoulder movements, activated muscle contraction mechanism, and increased shoulder strength, which may be benefits of the conducted physical therapy.

Muscle electrical activity during exercises with and without load executed on dry land and in an aquatic environment

Introduction Muscle activity in the aquatic environment was investigated using electromyographic analyses. The physical properties of water and the resistance used may influence the response of the muscle during exercise. The objective of this study was to evaluate the electrical activity in water and on the floor during flexion and knee extension exercises with and without load and aimed at understanding the muscular response while performing resistance exercises in water. Methods The sample consisted of 14 volunteers between 18 and 35 years old who were subjected to active exercises involving knee flexion and extension with and without load on the floor and in water. Electromyography was performed during the movement. Results A significant increase was found in the electrical activity of the rectus femoris muscle during exercises on the floor. The biceps femoris muscle showed increased electromyographic activity when resistance was used. A significant increase was found in the electrical activity of the rectus femoris muscle compared with exercises with and without load and the moment of rest in immersion. The electrical activity of the rectus and biceps femoris muscles was reduced in exercises with load and without load in a therapy pool compared with on the floor. Conclusion There was a reduction of the electromyographic activity in the aquatic environment compared with that on the ground, which could be attributed to the effects from hot water. Therefore, it is believed that resistance exercises can be performed early in a therapy pool, which will facilitate the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.