Vitamins supplementation affects the onset of preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia may affect between 2-8% of all pregnancies. It seriously affects maternal health after pregnancy. This meta-analysis was performed to define the efficacy of vitamins supplementation on the risk of preeclampsia. Potential articles were systematically searched on the databases of Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science up to May 2016. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were used to analyze the relationship of vitamins supplementation with risk of preeclampsia. Cochran Q test was used to test inter-study heterogeneity. Begg's funnel plot was adopted to assess the potential publication bias. 28 eligible studies were selected. Pooled results indicated that vitamins supplementation could reduce the risk of preeclampsia (RR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.64-0.86). The studies with non-randomized controlled trial (RCT) analysis also suggested the significant relationship of vitamins supplementation with risk of preeclampsia (RR = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.42-0.85). However, negative results were observed in studies with RCT analysis. Subgroup analysis by vitamin type was performed among the studies with RCT analysis. The results indicated that vitamin D supplementation could significantly reduce the risk of preeclampsia (RR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.22-0.78). Similar results were observed in the studies with multivitamins supplementation (RR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.51-0.93). Vitamins supplementation could reduce the onset of preeclampsia.

Design, synthesis and properties of near-infrared molecular switches containing a fluorene ring.

Three molecular switches containing a fluorene ring were designed and synthesized. The introduction of the amino group substituted fluorene ring resulted in the target molecular switches having some optical properties in the near-infrared region. It was demonstrated that the N-substituents on the fluorene rings and the switch units both had great influence on the molecular switch optical properties including the absorption maximum, absorption intensity and fluorescence quantum yield. The open-ring forms and showed obvious solvatochromic behaviour. The closed-ring forms and showed obvious hydrochromic behaviour in MeCN/water binary solvent systems and acidichromic behaviour in MeCN solution with high reversibility. Especially, the distinct off-on fluorescence signal in the near-infrared region using the stimuli of acid means that the designed compounds have great potential application value in the field of biological sensing.

[Calculation of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characters in Different Light Area to Apple Tree Canopy].

As the basis of plant canopy chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics, light distribution within the canopy determines the interaction relationship between plant physical processes and ecological environment. Spectroscopy technology plays a very important role in building a prediction model of component content to plant canopies. However, there is only limited number of reports about chlorophyll fluorescence properties of different light intensity areas to free spindle apple canopies. In this paper, with the free spindle apple tree as the research object, the canopy space of apple tree was divided into five layers, and six cube grids with 50cm length of side in each layer, and then the light distribution was determined through measuring the light intensity of each cube grids space. firstly, spectrum data and characters of chlorophyll fluorescence were obtained in the different light area; secondly, a differential spectrum curve in red area(680~760 nm) was determined through removing the interference of system error by a differential spectrum; thirdly, relationship model has been established innovatively between the maximum value in red area(680~760 nm) and the chlorophyll fluorescence characters, which has been used as calculation method of chlorophyll fluorescence characters in different light area to apple tree canopy. Fourthly, root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, mean forecast error were adopted to evaluate the method. The test result shows that the accuracy of the method is all above 80%, which can be the theoretical basis for pruning and getting best light distribution to apple tree canopy.

Robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a review.

PURPOSE: Presented here is an up-to-date review concerning robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (rUKA), including its rationale, operative system, pros and cons. METHODS: We did a systematic research in electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase up to March 30, 2020 to retrieve literature pertaining to rUKA. The search strategies "(robotic* AND knee arthroplasty OR knee replacement)" and "(knee arthroplasty OR knee replacement NOT total)" were used. Studies describing rUKA and clinical trials, dry bone or cadaveric researches regarding technologies, positioning, alignment, function, or survivorship of implants were included in this review. All retrieved studies were first browsed for eligibility on the basis of title and abstract, and the selected studies were further evaluated by reading full text for final inclusion. RESULTS: Robotic-assisted technology has been found to increase the accuracy of bone preparation and implant placement, reduce technical variability and outliers, and enhance reproduction of limb alignment. Additionally, early clinical outcomes were excellent, but mid-term follow-up showed no superiority in component survivorship. The potential drawbacks of the robotic-assisted technology include relatively-low time- and cost-effectiveness, development of some rUKA-related complications, and lack of support by high-quality literature. CONCLUSION: This review shows that rUKA can decrease the number of outliers concerning the optimal implant positioning and limb alignment. However, due to absence of extensive studies on clinical outcomes and long-term results, it remains unclear whether the improved component positioning translates to better clinical outcomes or long-term survivorship of the implant. Nevertheless, since an accurate implant position is presumably beneficial, robotic-assisted technology is worth recommendation in UKA.

Salicylic acid alleviates decreases in photosynthesis under heat stress and accelerates recovery in grapevine leaves.

BACKGROUND: Although the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on photosynthesis of plants including grapevines has been investigated, very little is yet known about the effects of SA on carbon assimilation and several components of PSII electron transport (donor side, reaction center and acceptor side). In this study, the impact of SA pretreatment on photosynthesis was evaluated in the leaves of young grapevines before heat stress (25 degrees C), during heat stress (43 degrees C for 5 h), and through the following recovery period (25 degrees C). Photosynthetic measures included gas exchange parameters, PSII electron transport, energy dissipation, and Rubisco activation state. The levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the chloroplast were also investigated. RESULTS: SA did not significantly (P < 0.05) influence the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) of leaves before heat stress. But, SA did alleviate declines in Pn and Rubisco activation state, and did not alter negative changes in PSII parameters (donor side, acceptor side and reaction center QA) under heat stress. Following heat treatment, the recovery of Pn in SA-treated leaves was accelerated compared with the control (H2O-treated) leaves, and, donor and acceptor parameters of PSII in SA-treated leaves recovered to normal levels more rapidly than in the controls. Rubisco, however, was not significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by SA. Before heat stress, SA did not affect level of HSP 21, but the HSP21 immune signal increased in both SA-treated and control leaves during heat stress. During the recovery period, HSP21 levels remained high through the end of the experiment in the SA-treated leaves, but decreased in controls. CONCLUSION: SA pretreatment alleviated the heat stress induced decrease in Pn mainly through maintaining higher Rubisco activation state, and it accelerated the recovery of Pn mainly through effects on PSII function. These effects of SA may be related in part to enhanced levels of HSP21.

[Kinetic model for extraction process of Chinese traditional medicine].

AIM: To present a theory bases for Chinese traditional medicine extraction process. METHODS: A kinetic equation for Chinese traditional medicine extraction process was presented based on Fick's second law of diffusion. Experiments for extracting tanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge with ethanol under different particle sizes and temperatures were studied. In addition, the data of extraction process of three kinds of herbs, including Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Schisandra chinesis and Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl were introduced to evaluate the kinetic equation. RESULTS: The kinetic of Chinese traditional medicine extraction process agreed with the first-order rate equation. Experiment data of active components extracted from the herbs above could perfectly match with the kinetic equation. The rate-determining step for extracting tanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge was the diffusion of tanshinone through the herb particles. The apparent activation energy for tanshinone diffusion process was 20.26 kJ.mol-1. CONCLUSION: The relation between the concentration of active component and extraction time, size of herb particles and temperature could be got from this kinetic equation. The extraction process of other herbs besides the above could be described by this equation.

[Preparation of buspirone hydrochloride buccal adhesive tablet and study on its drug release mechanism].

AIM: To prepare buspirone hydrochloride buccal adhesive tablet and investigate factors that influence drug release behavior and the drug release mechanism. METHODS: Buspirone hydrochloride buccal adhesive tablet was prepared with double layers structure composed of drug core and adhesive layer. The materials of the drug core were carbopol 974 and lactose, the adhesive layers were carbopol 974 and HPMC K4M. The influence of drug release factors such as adhesive layer component, adhesive layer weight and adhesive tablet hardness was investigated. The relationship between adhesive layer weight and drug release mechanism in vitro was studied. RESULTS: The results showed that the weight of the adhesive layer and the hardness of adhesive tablet showed significant effects on drug release, but the adhesive layer component showed no significant effect. The optimum prescription of buspirone hydrochloride buccal adhesive tablet was carbopol: HPMC = 1:1, adhesive layer weight = 50%, and adhesive tablet hardness = 4 kg. The study of drug release mechanism from adhesive tablet showed that it was double directions when adhesive layer weight was 20%, and single direction first then double directions when 33.33%, and single direction all along when 50%. CONCLUSION: The speed and direction of drug release from adhesive tablet can be controlled by regulating adhesive layer weight.

[Effects of foliar spraying DA-6 on the photosynthetic rate and plant growth of strawberry in autumn].

With strawberry ' French 3' (Fragaria x ananassa Duch cv. French 3) as test material, this paper studied the effects of foliar spraying DA-6 at the rates of 10, 20 and 30 mg x L(-1) in late autumn on its seedlings net photosynthetic rate, metabolism of reactive oxygen species, and plant growth. Compared with the control, foliar spraying DA-6 of 20 and 30 mg x L(-1) increased the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll a and b contents, and SOD and CAT activities significantly, and decreased the reactive oxygen and MDA contents. Moreover, foliar spraying DA-6 of 20 and 30 mg x L(-1) increased the average dry weight per leaf, and the dry mass of shoot and root significantly. The ratio of root to shoot after spraying DA-6 of 20 and 30 mg x L(-1) was 29.9% and 29.3% higher than the control, respectively. Foliar spraying appropriate concentration of DA-6 in late autumn could improve the plant growth of strawberry seedlings.