Enhanced thrombin generation detected with ST-Genesia analyzer in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

The issue of how to identify newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients requiring thromboprophylaxis remains unsolved. Several changes in thrombin generation (TG)-derived parameters have been described in multiple myeloma (MM) patients recently. Assessment of prothrombotic risk with a fully automated TG analyzer could reduce interlaboratory variability. Our objective was to determine whether ST-Genesia® could reveal a hypercoagulable state in NDMM compared to healthy controls. We conducted a multicenter observational study of NDMM requiring initial treatment to compare TG parameters obtained with ST-Genesia® analyzer and ST-ThromboScreen® reagent with a control group. Clinical data were obtained from medical records and blood samples were collected before initial anti-myeloma therapy. A thrombophilia panel was performed in all patients. Compared to age- and sex-matched controls (n = 83), NDMM patients (n = 83) had significantly higher peak height, higher velocity index, shorter time-to-peak and lower percentage of endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) inhibition after adding thrombomodulin (TM) (ETP%inh). NDMM on prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) showed reduced both peak height and velocity index compared to NDMM who had not yet started VTE prophylaxis, similar to that of controls. Moreover, partial correction of ETP%inh was observed in MM patients on LMWH. The presence of a thrombophilia did not modify the TG phenotype. Untreated NDMM patients showed an enhanced TG, regardless of their thrombophilia status. They generate a higher peak of thrombin, take less time to produce it, and exhibit resistance to TM inhibition. Our findings suggest that standard prophylactic dose of LMWH may reduce TG at levels of healthy controls.

ZBTB16-RARα-Positive Atypical Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: The majority of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) manifest a specific chromosomal translocation t(15;17)(q22;q21), characterized by the fusion of RARA and PML genes. However, a proportion of APL cases are due to variant translocations, being t(11;17) (q23;q21) the most common amongst them. With the major exception of ZBTB16-RARA t(11;17) APL, these variant APL cases present similar morphological features as classic APL and are characterized by a lack of differentiation response to retinoids. CASE SUMMARY: We describe the case of variant APL with the ZBTB16-RARA fusion gene, showing a distinct morphology of classical APL, characterized by crystalline intracytoplasmic inclusions in both peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) patients' blasts. Our patient was treated with two courses of intensive chemotherapy, initiating maintenance treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on day twenty-eight of the second course. Our patient achieved complete remission (CR) once the intensive chemotherapy was combined with ATRA. CONCLUSIONS: This is the second case described of APL with t(11;17) that showed crystalline intracytoplasmic inclusions. The finding of these morphological features may suggest the presence of a variant translocation with RARA, being that both cases described are related to the presence of t(11;17). Despite induction treatment with intensive chemotherapy that included a seven-day continuous treatment with cytarabine (200 mg/m2), plus daily idarubicin (12 mg/m2) during the first three days, our patient did not achieve complete remission (CR) until scheduled 3 + 7 regimen combined with ATRA treatment was established. This observation suggests that ATRA may be partially effective in some ZBTB16-RARA APLs.

Spontaneous Remission of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report.

Spontaneous remissions (SRs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are infrequent, poorly documented and transient. Similarly, morphological and cytogenetic complete remissions (CR) under azacitidine treatment are scarce. We report a 71-year-old man with a secondary AML arising from essential thrombocythemia (ET), who developed an SR after discontinuation of azacitidine following a respiratory infection (four courses were administered). The distinctive feature of our case is the depth of the achieved CR, documented by next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. We also detected persistence of molecular lesions that might already have been present in the previous ET clone. Our patient relapsed 5 months after achieving CR. We conclude that our patient showed a spontaneous remission of his AML rather than an exquisite response to azacitidine. We hypothesize that the concurrent respiratory infection, or any other unknown trigger, might have activated his immune system forcing the leukemic stem cell to enter a quiescent state through a yet unexplained mechanism.

Flow Cytometry and Molecular Techniques Could Complement Morphological Detection of Leukemic Infiltration in Ascitic Fluids: A Case Report.

Extramedullary involvement of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is infrequent, and ascitic infiltration is even more unusual. We present a case of a 48-year-old woman diagnosed with NPM1-mutated AML that debuted with ascites, for which morphological studies of the ascitic fluid did not detect leukemic infiltration, maybe due to technical problems in the sample preparation. Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) detected a blast population compatible with AML, and allele-specific PCR detected NPM1-mutated transcripts. Body fluid infiltrations are an infrequent initial manifestation or sign of progression in AML. As far as we know, this is the first reported case of an NPM1-mutated AML that debuted with ascites, and also the first description of the utilization of molecular techniques to detect the leukemic origin of the ascites. This case highlights that, given that allele-specific PCR and MFC increase the sensitivity of morphological studies, these techniques should be routinely applied in the study of any kind of effusion detected in an AML patient.

The impact of a comprehensive electronic patient portal on the health service use: an interrupted time-series analysis.

BACKGROUND: There is little empirical research on the potential benefit that electronic patient portals (EPP) can have on the care quality and health outcomes of diverse multi-ethnic international populations. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which an EPP was associated with improvements in health service use. METHODS: Using a quasi-experimental interrupted time-series approach, we assessed health service use before (April 2012-September 2015) and after (October 2015-December 2016) the implementation of a comprehensive EPP at four hospitals in Madrid, Spain. Primary outcomes were number of outpatient visits, any hospital admission, any 30-day all-cause readmission and any emergency department visit. RESULTS: Implementation of the EPP was associated with a significant decline in readmissions. Among patients with chronic heart failure, EPP implementation was associated with a significant decline for all outcome measures, and among patients with COPD, a decline in all outcomes except readmissions. Among patients diagnosed with malignant hematological diseases, no significant changes were identified. CONCLUSIONS: EPPs hold promise for reducing hospital readmissions. Certain patient populations with chronic conditions may differentially benefit from portal use depending on their needs for communication with their providers.

Cut-Off Values of Hematologic Parameters to Predict the Number of Alpha Genes Deleted in Subjects with Deletional Alpha Thalassemia.

Most α-thalassemia cases are caused by deletions of the structural α-globin genes. The degree of microcytosis and hypochromia has been correlated with the number of affected α-globin genes, suggesting a promising role of hematologic parameters as predictive diagnostic tools. However, cut-off points for these parameters to discriminate between the different subtypes of α-thalassemia are yet to be clearly defined. Six hematologic parameters (RBC, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW) were evaluated in 129 cases of deletional α-thalassemia (56 heterozygous α⁺ thalassemia, 36 homozygous α⁺ thalassemia, 29 heterozygous α° thalassemia and 8 cases of Hb H disease). A good correlation between the number of deleted alpha genes and MCV (r = -0.672, p < 0.001), MCH (r = -0.788, p < 0.001) and RDW (r = 0.633, p < 0.001) was observed. The presence of an α° allele should be discarded in individuals with microcytosis without iron deficiency and normal values of Hb A2 and Hb F with MCH < 23.40 pg. Furthermore, MCH < 21.90 pg and/or MCV < 70.80 fL are strongly suggestive of the presence of one α° allele. Finally, an accurate presumptive diagnosis of Hb H disease can be made if both RDW ≥ 20% and MCH < 19 pg are seen.

Music Listening in Stem Cell Transplantation and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

CONTEXT: Music listening (ML) has been shown to have a beneficial effect on patients with cancer. However, novel intervention approaches are needed. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine whether ML based on the iso-principle, conducted using a mobile application (GloMus), improves symptom burden, quality of life (QoL), anxiety, and depression in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT) and intensive induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, we assigned 71 patients to the ML or standard care (SC) groups, stratified by the reason for admission (AML, allogeneic-SCT, or inpatient/outpatient autologous-SCT). Upon admission, participants in the ML groups were invited to undergo daily ML sessions designed to change negative moods into positive ones (iso-principle). The intervention consisted of listening to pre-recorded classical music ordered by beats per minute and tonality. Symptom burden (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Revised) was assessed in the ML groups before and after each session. Anxiety, depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and QoL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplantation/Leukemia) were measured weekly in the ML and SC groups. RESULTS: Symptom burden in both allogeneic- and inpatient autologous-SCT ML groups reduced after the intervention. In all experimental groups, clinically important improvements were observed after ML sessions. No differences were found between the groups (ML vs. SC) at different weeks of admission regarding anxiety, depression, and QoL. CONCLUSIONS: ML based on our innovative iso-principle strategy, conducted using GloMus, reduced the symptom burden in patients undergoing allogeneic- and inpatient autologous-SCT (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05696457).

Lupus anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia syndrome: A cerebral bleeding case report as systemic lupus erythematosus debut.

Lupus anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinaemia syndrome (LAHPS) is a rare disorder caused by the presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) and acquired prothrombin deficiency, which may present with severe haemorrhagic manifestations. LAHPS is usually associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or infections and it is more frequent in the paediatric population and female gender. We describe a 42-year-old man with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) on chronic anticoagulation treatment with acenocoumarol who presented with spontaneous intracranial bleeding, prolongation of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and low factor II levels (after optimal anticoagulation reversal) as a debut of SLE.

Feasibility of Telemedicine in the Management Strategy of Patients With Lymphoma Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: Prospective Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: On March 14, 2020, a state of alarm was declared in Spain due to the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Beyond this date, COVID-19 in the country changed the practice of oncologic care. OBJECTIVE: Since recurrent hospital visits were a potential risk factor for contagion, the aim of this prospective observational study was to analyze the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the health care of patients with lymphoma. METHODS: All data were obtained from the electronic medical record. Variables such as age, sex, reason of the visit, use of the patient portal, changes in management, enrollment in clinical trials, and COVID-19 infection were recorded. RESULTS: In all, 290 patients visited the lymphoma clinic, totaling 437 appointments. The median age was 66 (range 18-94) years, and 157 (54.1%) patients were male. Of them, 214 (73.8%) patients had only 1 visit to the clinic. Only 23 (7.9%) patients did not have access to the patient portal. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, 78 (26.9%) patients remained in active treatment, 35 (12.1%) experienced delays in their treatments, and 6 (2.1%) experienced treatment discontinuation. During the follow-up, only 7 (2.4%) patients had a COVID-19 infection (6 cases with confirmed polymerase chain reaction test and 1 case with clinical suspicion). Despite the implementation of telemedicine strategies to avoid visits to the hospital, 66 (22.8%) patients had in-person visits at the lymphoma clinic. Patients who attended in-person consultations were younger than those who preferred telemedicine consultations (62 vs 66 years; P=.10) and had less use of the patient portal (17/224, 7.6% vs 6/66, 9%; P=.10), although these differences did not reach statistical significance. Patients who attended in-person visits were more likely to have had only 1 visit to the hospital (29/66, 43.9% vs 185/224, 82.6%; P<.001). Regarding the reason of in-person consultations, more patients were on active treatment in comparison to those using telemedicine resources (37/66, 56.1% vs 42/224, 18.3%; P<.001). Patients with a preference for telemedicine strategies had more surveillance visits (147/224, 65.6% vs 24/66, 36.4%; P<.001). Regarding treatment modifications, more treatment delays (29/224, 12.9% vs 6/66, 9.1%; P=.10) and more definite treatment discontinuations (6/224, 2.7% vs 0/66, 0%; P=.10) were seen in patients using telemedicine resources when compared to patients attending in-person visits, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. Regarding the type of therapy, patients attending in-person visits were more likely to receive an intravenous treatment rather than those using telemedicine (23/66, 62.2% vs 17/224, 40.5%; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine such as patient portals are feasible strategies in the management of patients with lymphoma during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a reduction of in-person visits to the hospital and a very low contagion rate.

Characteristics and management of patients with stroke and major hemorrhagic episodes with atrial fibrillation under vitamin K antagonist therapy. EVENTHO study.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: In Spain, vitamin K antagonists (VKA) remain the standard treatment for the prevention of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), despite the high risks of suffering adverse effects. The objective of this study was to characterize the profile of VKA-treated patients suffering from stroke/systemic embolism (SE) or major hemorrhagic episodes, their evolution and the actions taken after those episodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EVENTHO was an observational multicenter study conducted in 22 Anticoagulation Spanish Units. The study included patients ≥18 years with AF who suffered major hemorrhagic episodes (67.8%) or stroke/SE (32.1%) during 2016 whileon VKA treatment [acenocoumarol (98.2%) or warfarin (1.8%)]. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) was calculated according to the Rosendaal method based on the international normalized ratio (INR) values of the previous 6 months. RESULTS: The study included 585 patients (median age [range] 82.3 [43.6-96.2] years; 51.1% men; mean [95% confidence interval, CI] CHA2DS2-VASc: 4.3 [4.2-4.4] and HAS-BLED: 2.2 [2.1-2.3]). Poor anticoagulation and VKA maintenance were higher in patients with major hemorrhagic episode (p<0.0001). The most common situations after hospital discharge were: functional dependence, neurological sequelae and death. CONCLUSIONS: In the sample studied, half of the AF patients who suffered stroke/SE or major hemorrhagic episode had inadequate TTR and, despite this, after hospital discharge, they restarted treatment with VKA. These results highlight the need to evaluate safer and effective therapeutic alternatives in AF patients with poor TTR control after suffering a stroke/SE or major hemorrhagic episode.

A journey through anticoagulant therapies in the treatment of left ventricular thrombus in post-COVID-19 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated adverse drug reaction associated with thrombosis. Clinical scoring systems and the presence of anti-platelet factor 4 (anti-PF4)/heparin antibodies determine the diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 57-year-old man who was treated with acenocoumarol due to a chronic left ventricular thrombus was admitted to the hospital for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and pulmonary embolism. The patient was started on bemiparin and discharged. Left lower limb acute arterial ischemia and thrombocytopenia were diagnosed 18 days later. Computed tomography angiography revealed a large left ventricular thrombus and multiple arterial thrombi. Left femoral-popliteal thromboembolectomy was performed. Anti-PF4/heparin antibodies confirmed an HIT diagnosis. Fondaparinux (7.5 mg/24 h) was initiated, but cardiac surgery was necessary. Bivalirudin was used during surgery, with an initial load (1.25 mg/kg) and maintenance infusion (2.5 mg/kg/h). The cardiac thrombus was extracted, but the patient experienced a postsurgical myocardial infarction. Percutaneous cardiovascular intervention (PCI) required a bivalirudin load (0.75 mg/kg) and maintenance infusion (1.75 mg/kg/h). No coronary lesions were detected, and argatroban was started afterwards (0.5 µg/kg/min). When the platelet count exceeded 100 × 109/L, acenocoumarol was initiated. Thereupon, acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/24 h) was added. No other complications have been reported to date. CONCLUSION: The clinical presentation of intraventricular and multiple arterial thrombi is remarkable. SARS-CoV-2 infection likely contributed to a hypercoagulable state. The management of patients with HIT undergoing cardiac surgery is challenging. If surgery cannot be delayed, then treatment with bivalirudin is recommended. Additionally, this drug is recommended for PCI. Bivalirudin is safe and well-tolerated in both procedures.

High-throughput RNA sequencing transcriptome analysis of ABC-DLBCL reveals several tumor evasion strategies.

Activated B-cell (ABC) lymphoma, a distinct molecular entity within diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), remains highly incurable, showing a worse response to standard immunochemotherapy. The discouraging results obtained in several clinical trials using proteasome inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, or immunomodulators, lead to an intense search for new, potentially druggable biomarkers in DLBCL. In this study, we designed an experimental strategy for DLBCL to discover high- and low-abundance RNA-seq-derived transcripts involved in the oncogenic phenotype in patients diagnosed with ABC-DLBCL. Based on the results of a comparative analysis, 79 DE genes and two enriched gene sets related to metabolism and immunity were selected. Genes related to drug resistance, anti-inflammatory response, and tumor-cell dissemination were found to be up-regulated, while tumor suppressor genes were down-regulated. Then, we searched for the perturbagens most suitable for gene expression profiling (GEP) by iLINCS-CMap. Herein, we present a novel experimental approach that connects the omics signature of DLBCL with potential drugs for more accurate treatments.

A Multidisciplinary Journey towards Bone Tissue Engineering.

Millions of patients suffer yearly from bone fractures and disorders such as osteoporosis or cancer, which constitute the most common causes of severe long-term pain and physical disabilities. The intrinsic capacity of bone to repair the damaged bone allows normal healing of most small bone injuries. However, larger bone defects or more complex diseases require additional stimulation to fully heal. In this context, the traditional routes to address bone disorders present several associated drawbacks concerning their efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Thus, alternative therapies become necessary to overcome these limitations. In recent decades, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising interdisciplinary strategy to mimic environments specifically designed to facilitate bone tissue regeneration. Approaches developed to date aim at three essential factors: osteoconductive scaffolds, osteoinduction through growth factors, and cells with osteogenic capability. This review addresses the biological basis of bone and its remodeling process, providing an overview of the bone tissue engineering strategies developed to date and describing the mechanisms that underlie cell-biomaterial interactions.

Development and validation of a predictive model of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients.

We retrospectively evaluated 2879 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from four hospitals to evaluate the ability of demographic data, medical history, and on-admission laboratory parameters to predict in-hospital mortality. Association of previously published risk factors (age, gender, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking habit, obesity, renal failure, cardiovascular/ pulmonary diseases, serum ferritin, lymphocyte count, APTT, PT, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and platelet count) with death was tested by a multivariate logistic regression, and a predictive model was created, with further validation in an independent sample. A total of 2070 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were finally included in the multivariable analysis. Age 61-70 years (p<0.001; OR: 7.69; 95%CI: 2.93 to 20.14), age 71-80 years (p<0.001; OR: 14.99; 95%CI: 5.88 to 38.22), age >80 years (p<0.001; OR: 36.78; 95%CI: 14.42 to 93.85), male gender (p<0.001; OR: 1.84; 95%CI: 1.31 to 2.58), D-dimer levels >2 ULN (p = 0.003; OR: 1.79; 95%CI: 1.22 to 2.62), and prolonged PT (p<0.001; OR: 2.18; 95%CI: 1.49 to 3.18) were independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality. A predictive model performed with these parameters showed an AUC of 0.81 in the development cohort (n = 1270) [sensitivity of 95.83%, specificity of 41.46%, negative predictive value of 98.01%, and positive predictive value of 24.85%]. These results were then validated in an independent data sample (n = 800). Our predictive model of in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients has been developed, calibrated and validated. The model (MRS-COVID) included age, male gender, and on-admission coagulopathy markers as positively correlated factors with fatal outcome.

Incidence and clinical profile of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized COVID-19 patients from Madrid region.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 related in-hospital venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence is high but data reported vary significantly. Some studies show that up to half of the events are diagnosed early after admission. OBJECTIVES: To study symptomatic VTE incidence in acute COVID-19 hospitalized patients and to describe timing of VTE diagnosis. METHODS: Multicenter cohort of 5966 patients hospitalized with acute COVID-19. Multicenter Registry of 844 hospitalized patients with acute COVID-19 and associated acute VTE. RESULTS: By the time of cohort data collection, 68 patients (1.14%) were still hospitalized, 19.8% had died, and 5.4% required ICU. During a median follow-up of 6 days (IQR, 4-12), 183 patients (3.07%; 95% CI, 2.64-3.55) presented a symptomatic VTE event. The cumulative incidences of VTE at 7, 14 and 21 days in wards [2.3% (95% CI, 1.9-2.7), 3.6% (95% CI, 3.0-4.3), and 4.3% (95% CI, 3.5-5.1)] were similar to the ones reported in ICU [2.2% (95% CI, 1.0-4.4), 2.9% (95% CI, 1.5-5.3), and 4.1% (95% CI, 2.2-6.8)], but at 30 and 60 days were higher in ICU [6.9% (95% CI, 4.2-10.5), and 12.8% (95% CI, 8.1-18.5)] than in wards. Eighty-eight VTE events (48%) were diagnosed early, within 48 h of admission. VTE was not associated with death (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.55-1.12). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of symptomatic VTE in our COVID-19 cohort is consistent with that of other real-life studies recently published. Early VTE events are, along with COVID-19, the reason for admission rather than an in-hospital complication.

A New Antibiotic-Loaded Sol-Gel can Prevent Bacterial Intravenous Catheter-Related Infections.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a moxifloxacin-loaded organic-inorganic sol-gel (A50) by locally preventing the catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) provoked by Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and the effect resulting from its hydrolytic degradation on coagulation by using a rabbit in-vivo model. A50 coating can completely inhibit growth and would locally prevent CRBSI provoked by S. epidermidis. None of the coagulation blood parameters showed a significant difference constant over time between the control catheter group and the A50-coated catheter group, despite the visible silica release resulting from physiological A50 sol-gel degradation detected in serum at least during the first week. At pathological level, foreign body reaction was present in both of types of catheter, and it was characterized by the presence of macrophages and foreign body giant cell. However, this reaction was different in each group: the A50-coated catheter group showed a higher inflammation with histiocytes, which were forming granuloma-like aggregates with an amorphous crystalline material inside, accompanied by other inflammatory cells such as plasma cells, lymphocytes and mast cells. In conclusion, A50 coating a venous catheter showed excellent bactericidal anti-biofilm response since it completely inhibited S. epidermidis biofilm development and, far from showing procoagulant effects, showed slightly anticoagulant effects.

Thrombin generation in subjects with lupus anticoagulant without prior thrombosis or gestational morbidities.

BACKGROUND: Lupus anticoagulant (LA) can be a cause of thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidities, producing antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). An increase in thrombin generation (TG) is correlated with prothrombotic status. Several changes in TG-derived parameters have been reported in APS patients. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate whether the TG phenotype of APS can also be described in LA subjects without clinical manifestations of APS, and to investigate the possible influence of both LA potency and antiphospholipid (aPL) profile on it. RESULTS: TG was analyzed in 153 cases of LA and 41 healthy controls. We have observed prolongation of both lag time (3.7 min vs 2.32 min, p < 0.001) and time to peak (6.48 min vs 5.27 min, p < 0.001), increased peak height (221.7 nM vs 182.7 nM, p < 0.001), slightly higher ETP (221.7 nM·min vs 182.7 nM·min, p = 0.041), and higher velocity index (100.7 nM/min vs 74.53 nM/min, p = 0.001) in LA subjects compared to controls. After adding thrombomodulin (TM), ETP%inh was significantly lower in LA group (37.90% vs 59.90%, p < 0.001) showing resistance to TM/activated protein C (APC). Significant differences were found in lag time, time to peak and ETP%inh according to the potency and aPL profile. CONCLUSIONS: Previously described differences in TG-derived parameters in APS patients have been confirmed in incidental LA subjects: prolonged lag time and time to peak, slightly higher ETP, higher peak height, and less sensitivity to TM/APC. High LA potency and triple-positive aPL profile enhance differences in lag time, time to peak and, especially, increase APC resistance, but no effect in ETP was observed.