[INCIDENCE, PREDISPOSING RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREADING OF ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS IN THE NORTH-EASTERN REGION OF UKRAINE].

Using data of the branch statistical reporting of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service in Sumy region and Sumy Regional State Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, the incidence rate, modern risk factors for the development and spreading of acute infectious diarrheas were determined in the North-Eastern region of Ukraine. Under the current conditions incidence rate indices of acute intestinal infections and food toxicoinfections are within the range of 159.8-193.6 per 100 thousands. pop. Seasonal and epidemical rises are associated with a species of the agent. In the etiological structure of acute diarrheal infections there are dominated viruses, of food toxicoinfections--Klebsiellae pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae (p < 0.05). Predictors of the complication of epidemiological situation of Shigella infections are the gain in the detection of bacterially contaminated samples of milk and dairy products (r = 0.75), for food toxicoinfections caused by Klebsiellae pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae--pastry with cream and cooking meat products (r = 0.64; r = 0.75). Epizootic situation in the region affects on the salmonellosis incidence rate of the population (r = 0.89). There were revealed correlations between the selection of E. coli bacteria from swabs taken from the enterprises of catering, in child care centers and the levels of incidence rates of salmonellosis, acute intestinal infections of unknown etiology (r = 0.59; r = 0.60). Timely detection and sanitation of Shigella carriers are a powerful instrument to reduce the incidence rate of shigellosis (r = 0.83).

[The biological characteristics of dominated agents of acute enteric infections].

In 2003-2012 the rate of increase of morbidity of acute enteric infections caused by opportunistic microorganisms came to 3.6%. In the etiologic structure prevailed Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae. Their percentage varied from 70.5% to 81.6%. The opportunistic microorganisms isolated from feces of patients with acute enteric infections and individuals from control group characterized by presence of pathogenic factors of broad spectrum. The adhesive characteristics were manifested by 50.8±4.4% of analyzed cultures isolated from patients with symptoms of diarrhea infection and by 19.5±3.5% in control group. The anti-lysozyme activity was manifested correspondingly in 86.2±3.0% and 61.7±4.3% of strains. The anti-complement activity was manifested in 70.8±3.9% and 61.7±4.3% of strains. The anti-interferon activity was manifested in 100% and 95.3±1.9% of strains correspondingly. The level of adhesive activity in E. cloacae (35.0±7.5%) and anti-complement and adhesive activity in K. pneumoniae consisted 100% and 85.0±5.6% of strains isolated from feces of patients with acute enteric infections reliably (p<0.05) exceeded values in individuals from control group.

[Epidemiology-biological features of the acute intestinal infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus].

Nowadays the structure of acute intestinal infections pathogens changed substantially. It is caused by constant evolution of bacteria and involvement of the opportunistic pathogens in the pathological processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of the acute intestinal infections caused by staphylococci in the North-Eastern region of Ukraine, to determine the pathogenic factors in isolated pathogens. The materials for the study were the data of statistical reporting of Sumy regional sanitary-epidemiological station. Biological properties of the 50 Staphylococcus aureus strains were investigated. In the work used The descriptive and analytical techniques of the epidemiological, bacteriological and statistical methods were used. In the 2007-2012 the incidence of acute intestinal infections caused by staphylococci was in the range 17,1-20,3 on the 100 thousand. 2 years children were prevailed in the age structure. The largest numbers of cases were recorded in January, February, April, June and August. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from the patients were characterized by a wide spectrum of pathogenic and persistence factors. Anti-lisozym activity was in 100% of the investigated cultures, anti-interferon and anti-complement activity were detected in 96,0 and 64,0% stains, ability to adhesion was present in 36,0% stains. At the same time anti-lisozym, anti-interferon and anti-complement activity were showed in the 52,0% stains of the Staphylococcus aureus. These data characterize negatively predicted for the near future regional trends in morbidity.

[Biological properties of opportunistic microorganisms--agents of acute intestinal infections].

The etiological role of conditionally pathogenic bacteria in acute intestinal infections in the Sumy region has been studied. It is established, that the strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from patients with acute intestinal infection were characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity. In 85.0 +/- 5.6% of the studied strains of K. pneumoniae, 30.0 +/- 7.2% of E. cloacae, 20.0 +/- 5.6% S. Aureus the authors have identified pathogenicity factors, which ensure their ability to adhesion and persistence (antiinterferon and anticomplement activity).

[Assessment of persistent potential dominant pathogens of acute intestinal infections].

To determine the prevalence,and etiological structure of acute intestinal infections, to investigate the dominant agents' persistence factors. According with materials of statistical reports we did the retrospective epidemiological analysis of acute intestinal infections incidence in Sumy region from 2006 till 2011. Biological properties of 40 strains of Klebsiella pneumonia, 40 strains of Enterobacter cloacae and 50 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. Moderate trend of acute intestinal infections incidence increase was indicated. Bacteria of genera Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus were predominated in etiological structure. Incidence of acute diarrheal infections caused by Klebsiella and Enterobacter was reached the maximum in the spring-summer period. The incidence of staphylococcal etiology was discrete. The strains of Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae were remarkable for different frequency and intensity of persistence factors. Аnti-interferon activity was detected in 100% of clinical isolates of microorganisms, anti-lysozym activity was detected in 87.3 ± 2.9% of clinical isolates of microorganisms, anti-complementary activity was detected in 72.3 ± 3.9% of clinical isolates of microorganisms. Biological properties of opportunistic pathogens that cause acute intestinal infections can be used as epidemiological factors for differentiation of microorganisms pathogenicity.