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1.
J Environ Manage ; 367: 121752, 2024 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39067341

ABSTRACT

Sustainable management of the Amazon rainforest is fundamental for supporting life on earth because of its crucial role in sequestering carbon. One of the species grown in the forest is açaí (Euterpe oleracea), which is an important food and income source for its inhabitant. The acai seed, resulting from the processing of the fruit, is a solid organic residue, which has been an agent of undesirable environmental impacts such as natural landscape modifications, clogging sewers and water courses, eutrophication of surface waters. In this research, we evaluated the use of wood chips as a source of energy in a rustic oven to produce acai biochar so that family farmers carry out sustainable management of the residue and use biochar to improve soil quality and produce seedlings of native plants to regenerate degraded forests. The experiment was conducted in Pará, Brazil, Amazon region, using a randomized complete block design. A factorial treatment structure was implemented consisting of four biochar particle sizes (3, 5, 7, and 12 mm), 4 application rates (4, 8, 16, and 32 t ha-1), and a biochar-free control, with 5 replications. The results showed that the methodology for biochar production was easy to apply and low cost, allowing its use by family farmers. The combination of biochar rate and particle size affected soil properties and the development of black pepper seedlings in different ways. The soil properties affected were water retention capacity, moisture, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and arylsulphatase activity. The growth parameters of the affected black pepper seedlings were height and root system development.


Subject(s)
Charcoal , Seedlings , Seeds , Soil , Soil/chemistry , Seedlings/growth & development , Seeds/growth & development , Brazil , Piper nigrum
2.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 17(3): 263-268, jul.-set. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-665928

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a concentração de nitrogênio em plantas de milho e ao longo do perfil de um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico submetido a doses de lodo de esgoto e fertilizante mineral. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com 4 tratamentos (0,0; 55,0; 110,0 e 167,5 Mg.ha-1 de lodo de esgoto em doses acumuladas) e 5 repetições para um período de avaliação de 1 ano. A amostragem de solo foi realizada aos 60 dias após a emergência (d.a.e.) das plantas nas profundidades 0,0-0,1, 0,1-0,2, 0,2-0,4, 0,4-0,6, 0,6-0,8 e 0,8-1,0 m. Também aos 60, 80 e 128 d.a.e. foram coletadas, respectivamente, folha diagnose, planta inteira e grão. As maiores doses de lodo de esgoto proporcionaram maiores quantidades de nitrogênio no solo. O nitrogênio do solo, após a profundidade de 0,6 m, não diferiu entre as camadas avaliadas. Quanto maior a dose de lodo de esgoto, menor a proporção de nitrogênio em profundidade.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of nitrogen in corn plants and along the profile of an Oxisol subjected to doses of sewage sludge and mineral fertilizer. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with 4 treatments (0.0; 55.0; 110.0 and 167.5 Mg.ha-1 of sewage sludge accumulated doses) and 5 reps for a trial period of 1 year. Soil sampling was performed 60 days after emergence (d.a.e.) plants at depths 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.4, 0.4-0.6, 0.6-0.8 and 0.8-1.0 m. Also at 60, 80 and 128 d.a.e. were collected, respectively, diagnosis leaf, whole plant and grain. Higher doses of sewage sludge provided higher amounts of nitrogen in the soil. The soil nitrogen, after the depth of 0.6 m, did not differ between the layers evaluated. The higher the dose of sewage sludge, the lower the proportion of nitrogen in depth.

3.
Ciênc. agrotec., (Impr.) ; 34(3): 603-609, maio-jun. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-547762

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho foi realizado na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias Veterinárias - Unesp - Jaboticabal e foi conduzido, com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do método de amostragem do pasto sobre a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca e da fração fibrosa de capim Marandu, colhido no período seco dos anos de 2003 e 2005. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento de blocos casualizados com parcela subdividida, com três repetições, representadas pelos piquetes amostrados. Nas parcelas, foram avaliados cinco métodos de amostragens de forragem (método do quadrado metálico; método de avaliação através de extrusa de bovino da raça Nelore; método de avaliação por meio de extrusa de bovino Cruzado (Red Angus x Nelore); método de avaliação por meio do pastejo, simulando bovino da raça Nelore; método de avaliação por meio do pastejo, simulando bovino Cruzado (Red Angus x Nelore) e as subparcelas foram constituídas pelos anos de amostragem, 2003 e 2005. Foram determinadas as frações da cinética ruminal: solúvel "A"; insolúvel potencialmente degradável "B"; taxa de degradação "Kd"; degradação potencial (DP) e fração não degradável "C" da MS e degradação potencial (DP), fração não degradável "C" e taxa de degradação "Kd" da FDN e da FDA. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, observou-se que o método do quadrado metálico subestimou as características da degradação do capim. Os métodos do pastejo simulado se assemelharam muito ao das extrusas, no entanto, a prática do simulador é que assegurou a amostragem eficiente, conforme foi constatado pelos dados obtidos no ano de 2003 e 2005.


This experiment was carried out at the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias Veterinárias - Unesp - Jaboticabal during dry season, to evaluate the effects of sampling methods on the Marandu grass dry matter and cell wall in situ degradability. The data were analyzed according to a randomized block design with three replications (paddock), in a split plot scheme. Five sampling methods were evaluated on the parcels: metallic square method; Nellore steers extrusa, Red Angus x Nellore crossbreeding steers extrusa, simulated grazing of the Nellore, simulated grazing of Red Angus x Nellore crossbreeding, and two years (2003 and 2005) on the subparcels. The following rumen kinetic fractions were determined: soluble "A", degradable potential "B", degradability rate "Kd", the potential degradability (DP) and no degradable fraction "C" of the FDN, and FDA. According to the results obtained, the metallic square method underestimated the characteristics of the forage degradation. The results of the simulated grazing method resembled the extrusas method; however, it was the simulator practice that assured efficient sampling, as shown by evidence from data obtained between 2003 and 2005.

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