ABSTRACT
In a pursuit to identify reversible and selective BTK inhibitors, two series based on 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine as the hinge binding core, have been identified. Structure activity relationship (SAR) exploration led to identification of two advanced lead molecules, 11 and 13, which demonstrated desired BTK inhibitory potency in different cellular assays, excellent selectivity in a panel of 50 diverse kinases, favorable in vivo PK properties in mice and anti-arthritic effect in a mouse model of CIA.
Subject(s)
Antirheumatic Agents/chemistry , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyridines/chemistry , Pyridines/therapeutic use , Pyrroles/chemistry , Pyrroles/therapeutic use , Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase , Animals , Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/enzymology , Humans , Male , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Molecular Docking Simulation , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism , Pyridines/pharmacokinetics , Pyridines/pharmacology , Pyrroles/pharmacokinetics , Pyrroles/pharmacology , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
An efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of sugar-lactam conjugates is reported starting from readily available sugar azides using the Aubé reaction. Cyclic azido alcohols are used in the Aubé reaction for the first time in a carbohydrate setting. The resulting glycoconjugates could be further used to increase the chemical diversity on the sugar backbone, and may find potential applications as glycomimetics, peptidomimetics, in glycotargeting and in CNS drug delivery.
Subject(s)
Carbohydrates/chemistry , Lactams/chemical synthesis , Models, Molecular , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a very serious neurological disorder, and current methods of treatment fail to achieve long-term control. Previous studies suggest that stimulation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) represents a promising new approach to the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Preclinical models using both agonists and positive allosteric modulators of mGluR4 have demonstrated the potential for this receptor for the treatment of PD. In the present study, we describe the pharmacological characterization of an mGluR4 PAM, N-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl) pyridine-2-carboxamide (TAS-4), in several rodent PD models. TAS-4 is a potent and selective mGluR4 PAM of the human mGluR4 receptor (EC50- 287.8nM). TAS-4 showed efficacy alone or when administered in combination with l-DOPA. When administered alone, TAS-4 exhibited efficacy in reversing haloperidol-induced catalepsy. In addition, acute TAS-4 dose-dependently potentiated contralateral turning behavior induced by a threshold dose of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA, 4mg/kg i.p.), a classical test for antiparkinson drug screening. Subchronic (28days, twice a day) TAS-4 (10mg/kg i.p.)+l-DOPA (4mg/kg i.p.) did not induce sensitization to turning behavior or abnormal involuntary movements during the course of treatment. Moreover, subchronic administration of a fully effective dose of l-DOPA (8mg/kg i.p.) significantly induces sensitization to turning behavior or abnormal involuntary movements. Results showed that TAS-4, in association with a low dose of l-DOPA, displayed antiparkinsonian activity similar to that produced by a full dose of l-DOPA without exacerbating abnormal motor side effects.