Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Prevent and Cure Rotavirus Infection.

Rotavirus (RV) encounters intestinal epithelial cells amidst diverse microbiota, opening possibilities of microbes influencing RV infection. Although RV clearance typically requires adaptive immunity, we unintentionally generated RV-resistant immunodeficient mice, which, we hypothesized, reflected select microbes protecting against RV. Accordingly, such RV resistance was transferred by co-housing and fecal transplant. RV-protecting microbiota were interrogated by heat, filtration, and antimicrobial agents, followed by limiting dilution transplant to germ-free mice and microbiome analysis. This approach revealed that segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) were sufficient to protect mice against RV infection and associated diarrhea. Such protection was independent of previously defined RV-impeding factors, including interferon, IL-17, and IL-22. Colonization of the ileum by SFB induced changes in host gene expression and accelerated epithelial cell turnover. Incubation of RV with SFB-containing feces reduced infectivity in vitro, suggesting direct neutralization of RV. Thus, independent of immune cells, SFB confer protection against certain enteric viral infections and associated diarrheal disease.

Western-style diet impedes colonization and clearance of Citrobacter rodentium.

Western-style diet (WSD), which is high in fat and low in fiber, lacks nutrients to support gut microbiota. Consequently, WSD reduces microbiota density and promotes microbiota encroachment, potentially influencing colonization resistance, immune system readiness, and thus host defense against pathogenic bacteria. Here we examined the impact of WSD on infection and colitis in response to Citrobacter rodentium. We observed that, relative to mice consuming standard rodent grain-based chow (GBC), feeding WSD starkly altered the dynamics of Citrobacter infection, reducing initial colonization and inflammation but frequently resulting in persistent infection that associated with low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. WSD's reduction in initial Citrobacter virulence appeared to reflect that colons of GBC-fed mice contain microbiota metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, especially acetate, that drive Citrobacter growth and virulence. Citrobacter persistence in WSD-fed mice reflected inability of resident microbiota to out-compete it from the gut lumen, likely reflecting the profound impacts of WSD on microbiota composition. These studies demonstrate potential of altering microbiota and their metabolites by diet to impact the course and consequence of infection following exposure to a gut pathogen.

A culturally sensitive educational intervention to improve the acceptance and sustained use of safer cooking stoves in the Guatemalan highlands.

This study introduces a culturally sensitive educational intervention to households that use open-fire cooking methods in order to improve the acceptance and sustained use of a safer cooking stove. A wood-burning stove with a closed firebox was introduced in two villages in the highlands of Guatemala. Usage rates were measured over a seven-month period after the stoves were built. Although higher initial acceptance rates were seen in the village that received the educational intervention, households in both villages showed acceptance and sustained usage rates of the stoves. This finding supports the premise that culturally sensitive educational interventions as well as community-based programmes lead to higher acceptance of initiatives, and news of these improvements spreads through culturally accepted routes.

Habilidades digitales y tecnoestrés en docentes universitarios mayores de 60 años / Digital skills and technostress in university professors aged 60 years and over i: en

Introducción: Las limitaciones en el uso de las tecnologías en los docentes de la educación superior conducen al aislamiento social y la exclusión e impiden demostrar las competencias profesionales. Objetivo: Describir las habilidades digitales en docentes universitarios adultos mayores y su relación con el tecnoestrés. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, de mayo a noviembre del 2022, de 19 docentes en las edades de 60 y más años de la Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, en Perú. Para ello, se desarrolló un taller de capacitación y se evaluó la comprensión de 6 herramientas teórico-prácticas de la categoría docente en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje a través de la ejecución de actividades (cuestionario, chat y tareas) en la plataforma virtual Moodle. Asimismo, se orientó marcar los criterios de identificación de la investigación formativa y, para la calificación, se establecieron 3 intervalos de puntuación. Se aplicó una encuesta fundamentada en la demostración de las habilidades digitales y el estado emocional en relación con la tecnología. Resultados: El valor promedio de la calificación fue 14,73±0,42 y se obtuvieron los siguientes porcentajes para cada intervalo de puntuación: I) 57,9; II) 31,6 y III) 10,5. Igualmente, 73,7 % requirió asistencia técnica para interactuar con la enseñanza virtual, mientras que 84,2 % se agobió con el uso de la tecnología. Existió correlación (p=0,0256) entre la puntuación asignada en las habilidades digitales y el tecnoestrés. Conclusiones: Los docentes universitarios mayores de 60 años mostraron deficiencias en las habilidades digitales, lo cual condujo a la aparición de tecnoestrés.

Introduction: Limitations in the use of technologies in higher education professors lead to social isolation and exclusion and prevent the demonstration of professional skills. Objective: Describe digital skills in elderly university professors and their relationship with technostress. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out, from May to November, 2022, of 19 professors aged 60 years and over from San Luis Gonzaga National University in Ica, Peru. To this purpose, a training workshop was developed and the understanding of 6 theoretical-practical tools of teaching category in the teaching learning process was evaluated through the implementation of activities (questionnaire, chat and tasks) on the online platform Moodle. Likewise, the aim was to mark the identification criteria of training research and, for grading, 3 scoring intervals were established. A survey was applied based on the demonstration of digital skills and the emotional state concerning technology. Results: The mean value of score was 14.73±0.42 and the following percentages were obtained for each score interval: I) 57.9; II) 31.6 and III) 10.5. Also, 73.7% required technical assistance to interact with virtual teaching, while 84.2% were overwhelmed with the use of technology. There was a correlation (p=0.0256) between the score assigned in digital skills and technostress. Conclusions: University professors over 60 years of age showed deficiencies in the digital skills, which led to the appearance of technostress.

Utility of [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Scan in Inflammatory Myopathies: Case Report and Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory myopathies are a rare group of diseases characterized by proximal weakness. Incidence ranges from 7.98/million/year and prevalence at 14/100,000. The utility of [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan is increasing for the complementary diagnosis of myopathies. CASE REPORT: An 84-year-old male was admitted with a history of difficulty rising from a chair and a fall. Laboratory results showed increased creatine kinase levels of more than 50 times the normal reference values. Electromyography (EMG) showed myopathic changes, and FDG-PET/CT scan showed increased FDG uptake in bilateral quadriceps. A biopsy was performed revealing lymphocytic predominant infiltrates and myonecrosis. Prednisone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were administered with strength improvement. The patient was discharged for further follow-up. DISCUSSION: FDG-PET/CT in inflammatory diseases has proven useful as muscle fibers have increased FDG uptake. In some cases, FDG-PET/CT is also useful in determining associated neoplastic diseases.

Reoperations in cleft lip and cleft palate treatment.

The surgical management of cleft lip and palate is a difficult and complex endeavor. Several surgical techniques for the treatment of this deformity have been described around the world; each one, when properly done by expert surgeons, renders good and predictable results most of the times. However, the fact that there are so many techniques means that there is no universal procedure that will always deliver great esthetic and functional results. This article discusses the causes of inadequate results in primary cleft lip and palate surgery and describes the various secondary surgical techniques to correct the same.

Rehabilitación protésica implanto-soportada previo protocolo de terapia de oxígeno hiperbárico, posterior a resección de carcinoma epidermoide de piso de boca y radioterapia: Reporte clínico / Implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation prior to conducting hyperbaric oxygen therapy and after having completed resection of an epidermoid carcinoma from the floor of the mouth and radiotherapy: Clinical case report

En este artículo se presenta la rehabilitación implanto-soportada de un paciente previamente tratado mediante resección de carcinoma epidermoide de piso de boca y radioterapia (dosis total de 56 Gy). El tratamiento consistió en la administración de terapia de oxígeno hiperbárico mediante el siguiente protocolo: previa a la colocación de los implantes de 20 sesiones diarias con 100% de oxígeno a 2.4 ATM de presión, durante 90 minutos y 10 sesiones diarias con 100% de oxígeno, a 2.4 ATM de presión durante 90 minutos posterior a la colocación de los implantes. La rehabilitación protésica fue realizada seis meses posteriores a la colocación de los implantes mediante una prótesis removible implanto-soportada con sistema de anillos para la retención de la misma. Actualmente, el paciente se encuentra a dos años de seguimiento de la rehabilitación, libre de actividad tumoral en la zona tratada y con un adecuado resultado funcional y estético.

The present article purports to present a case of implant-supported rehabilitation of a patient who had previously undergone a procedure of floor of the mouth squamous cell carcinoma resection followed by radiotherapy (56 Gy total). Treatment consisted on hyperbaric oxygen therapy by means of the following protocol: previous to implant placement: 20 daily sessions, 100% oxygen at 2.4 ATM pressure during 90 minutes as well as 10 daily sessions of 100% oxygen at 2.4 ATM pressure, during 90 minutes after implant placement. Prosthetic rehabilitation was conducted six months after implant placement. It consisted of an implant-supported removable prosthesis with a ring system to achieve retention. Presently the patient is at a two year follow-up period after rehabilitation, and is free of tumor activity in the treated zone. The patient has so far achieved appropriate esthetic and functional results.

Excisión quirúrgica de sialolipoma: Reporte de un caso clínico / Surgical excision of sialolipoma: Report of clinical case

El sialolipoma es una variante de un lipoma de glándulas salivales que fue descrito por vez primera en el 2001 por Nagao; actualmente se tienen publicados sólo 18 casos en la literatura, siendo la mayoría de ellos en la glándula parótida. El caso que se presenta es de un paciente masculino de 57 años de edad que presenta un aumento de volumen en la región de labio inferior de lado izquierdo de 5 años de evolución, tratado con una biopsia excisional, la cual como resultado histopatológico nos arroja un diagnóstico de sialolipoma.

Sialolipoma is a salivary gland lipoma variant first described in 2001 by Ngao. Presently, there are only 18 documented cases in scientific literature. Most of them were located in the parotid gland. The case here presented is that of a 57 year old male patient, presenting volume increase in the region of the left side of the lower lip. The lesion presented a 5 year evolution. It was treated with excision biopsy. Histopathological results rendered a sialolipoma diagnosis.