Effect of a Novel Intracycle Motion Correction Algorithm on Dual-Energy Spectral Coronary CT Angiography: A Study with Pulsating Coronary Artery Phantom at High Heart Rates.

OBJECTIVE: Using a pulsating coronary artery phantom at high heart rate settings, we investigated the efficacy of a motion correction algorithm (MCA) to improve the image quality in dual-energy spectral coronary CT angiography (CCTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Coronary flow phantoms were scanned at heart rates of 60-100 beats/min at 10-beats/min increments, using dual-energy spectral CT mode. Virtual monochromatic images were reconstructed from 50 to 90 keV at 10-keV increments. Two blinded observers assessed image quality using a 4-point Likert Scale (1 = non-diagnostic, 4 = excellent) and the fraction of interpretable segments using MCA versus conventional algorithm (CA). Comparison of variables was performed with the Wilcoxon rank sum test and McNemar test. RESULTS: At heart rates of 70, 80, 90, and 100 beats/min, images with MCA were rated as higher image scores compared to those with CA on monochromatic levels of 50, 60, and 70 keV (each p < 0.05). Meanwhile, at a heart rate of 90 beats/min, image interpretability was improved by MCA at a monochromatic level of 60 keV (p < 0.05) and 70 keV (p < 0.05). At a heart rate of 100 beats/min, image interpretability was improved by MCA at monochromatic levels of 50 keV (from 69.4% to 86.1%, p < 0.05), 60 keV (from 55.6% to 83.3%, p < 0.05) and 70 keV (from 33.3% to 69.3%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Low-keV monochromatic images combined with MCA improves image quality and image interpretability in CCTAs at high heart rates.

Improving Patient to Patient CT Value Uniformity with an Individualized Contrast Medium Protocol Tailored to Body Weight and Contrast Medium Concentration in Coronary CT Angiography.

To determine whether body weight and concentration dependent contrast medium (CM) injection protocols can improve patient to patient CT value uniformity more than the conventional injection protocols with fixed injection parameters in coronary CT angiography (CCTA), one hundred and sixty patients who underwent CCTA were prospectively randomized into two groups. Group A (n = 80) used individualized-protocol with adjusted injection rate based on patient weight and contrast medium concentration to obtain constant iodine load of 280 mgI/kg while group B (n = 80) followed the conventional contrast injection protocol with total injection volume of 80ml and constant injection rate of 5.5ml/s. For both groups, patients were further divided into four subgroups with different CM concentrations: A1, B1 (300 mg I/ml); A2, B2 (320 mg I/ml); A3, B3 (350 mg I/ml) and A4 and B4 (370 mg I/ml). For each patient, the CT values of the ascending aorta, left ventricle and coronary arteries were measured. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare CT values among subgroups. Among the subgroups of A, sufficient attenuation of greater than 300HU was obtained in all target vessels with no difference among them. Among the subgroups of B, the CT values had significant difference in left ventricle, left circumflex branch, proximal and distal segment of the right coronary artery (all p < 0.05), and the attenuation with 300 mg I/ml CM concentration was significantly lower than that with 370 mg I/ml. Compared with group B, group A used less volume (62.83 ml vs. 80.00 ml, P<0.001) and lower rate (5.21 ml/s vs. 5.50 ml/s, P<0.001) of CM. Compared with the conventional contrast medium injection protocol with fixed volume and injection rate, the individualized-protocol based on patient weight and contrast concentration provides overall contrast dose reduction and achieves more homogenous attenuation among different coronary vessels and patients.

Multidetector CT and MR imaging cardiac hydatidosis: case report and review of the literature.

Cardiac hydatid cysts are uncommon but potentially fatal. We present a case of isolated unilocular and multivesicular hydatid cysts in the heart, and provide a literature review of this rare condition. A 35-year-old man presented to our cardiology unit with acute chest pain. Computed tomography showed two cystic lesions in the heart. One unilocular cyst was located close to the left atrium and compressed the pulmonary artery. The other multivesicular cyst adhered to the left ventricle and displaced the left coronary arteries. T2-weighted magnetic resonance images revealed lesions in the pericardial cavity with bright signal intensity. Dot immunogold filtration assay was performed, and positive results for anti-EgCF antibody, anti-EgP antibody and anti-EgB antibody for cystic hydatidosis were found. Cardiac hydatidosis was diagnosed because of typical imaging findings and positive serology. The patient underwent surgical excision of the cysts. Postoperatively, symptoms of the patient resolved.