ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recently there has been a large outbreak of Zika virus infections in Colombia, South America. The epidemic began in September 2015 and continued to April 2017, for the total number of Zika cases reported of 107,870. For those confirmed Zika cases, there were nearly 20,000 (18.5%) suspected to be pregnant women, resulting in 157 confirmed cases of microcephaly in newborns reported by their health government agency. There is a clear under-estimation of the total number of cases and in addition no prior publications have been published to demonstrate the clinical aspects of the Zika infection in Colombia. We characterized one Zika presentation to be able to compare and contrast with other cases of Zika infection already reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: In this case report, we demonstrate congenital microcephaly at week 19 of gestation in a 34-year-old mother who showed symptoms compatible with Zika virus infection from Sincelejo, State of Sucre, in the Colombian Caribbean. Zika virus RNA was detected in the placenta using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At week 25, the fetus weigh estimate was 770 g, had a cephalic perimeter of 20.2 cm (5th percentile), ventriculomegaly on the right side and dilatation of the fourth ventricle. At week 32, the microcephaly was confirmed with a cephalic perimeter of 22 cm, dilatation of the posterior atrium to 13 mm, an abnormally small cerebellum (29 mm), and an augmented cisterna magna. At birth (39 weeks by cesarean section), the head circumference was 27.5 cm, and computerized axial tomography (Siemens Corp, 32-slides) confirmed microcephaly with calcifications. CONCLUSION: We report a first case of maternal Zika virus infection associated with fetal microcephaly in Colombia and confirmed similar presentation to those observed previous in Brazil, 2015-2016.
Subject(s)
Microcephaly/virology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Zika Virus Infection/etiology , Brazil , Cerebellum/abnormalities , Cerebellum/virology , Colombia , Developmental Disabilities/virology , Female , Humans , Hydrocephalus/virology , Infant, Newborn , Nervous System Malformations/virology , Placenta/virology , Pregnancy , Zika Virus/pathogenicityABSTRACT
HIV/AIDS corresponds to a systemic disease whose pathogenic mechanism by direct cellular infection by the virus followed by high levels of viral replication and a severe state of immunosuppression predisposes to numerous opportunistic infections as well as tumor and autoimmune disease. The association of AIDS and stroke in young patients is rare. We present a case of a 16 year-old-female with a diagnosis of HIV infection and massive infarct of the left cerebral hemisphere and right basal ganglia segment with herniation We conduct a review of the association of HIV infection and cerebrovascular disease in children.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Cerebral Infarction/etiology , Adolescent , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo : determinar los factores asociados con estancias prolongadas en uci neonatal. Materiales y métodos : estudio de tipo retrospectivo, de corte transversal, descriptivo y analítico a partir de los Registros Individuales de Prestación de Servicios (RIPS) y la facturación de una Empresa Prestadora de Servicios de Salud (EPS) de Colombia. Se estimó un modelo logístico binomial tomando como variable dependiente estancias prolongadas. Resultados : la mediana de la duración en estancia en uci de los 947 neonatos incluidos en el análisis fue de 3 días y una estancia promedio de 4.8 días (amplitud intercuartílica de 1-5 días). Respecto a los determinantes, la edad gestacional, el peso al nacer y la edad de la madre mantienen una relación inversa con la probabilidad de generar días estancias, residir en zonas urbanas y contar con un buen control prenatal se convierten en factores protectores. Conclusión : el control prenatal es una intervención eficiente y efectiva para la gestión del riesgo de la salud, así como disminuir los embarazos en las mujeres jóvenes (<18 años) y mayores (>35 años) cumplirían un papel fundamental en la reducción de estancias prolongadas en uci neonatal.
Abstract Objective : To determine the factors associated with prolonged stays in neonatal icu. Materials and Methods : This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study based on the Individual Service Delivery Registries (RIPS) and the billing of a Health Services Provider Company (EPS) of Colombia. A binomial logistic model was estimated using prolonged stays as a dependent variable. Results : The median length of stay in the icu of the 947 neonates included in the analysis was three days with an average sojourn of 4.8 days (interquartile range of 1-5 days). Regarding the determinants: gestational age, birth weight and age of the mother, they have an inverse relationship with the probability of ge nerating stays, while living in urban areas and having accurate prenatal control become protective factors. Conclusion : Prenatal control is an efficient and effective intervention for managing health risk, also reducing pregnancies in young (<18 years) and older women (> 35 years) would play a key role in decreasing prolonged stays in neonatal icu.
Resumo Objetivo : determinar os fatores associados a estadias prolongadas na uci neonatal. Materiais e métodos : estudo de tipo retrospectivo, de corte transversal, descritivo e analítico a partir dos Registros Individuais de prestação de serviços (RIPS) e a faturação de uma Empresa Prestadora de Serviços de Saúde (EPS) da Colômbia. Se estimou um modelo logístico binomial tomando como variável dependente estadias pro longadas. Resultados : a mediana da duração em estadias na uci dos 947 neonatos incluídos na análise foi de 3 dias e uma estadia média de 4.8 dias (amplitude interquartílica de 1-5 dias). Respeito aos deter minantes, a idade gestacional, o peso ao nascer e a idade da mãe mantêm uma relação inversa com a probabilidade de gerar dias estadias, residir em zonas urbanas e contar com um bom controle pré-natal tornam-se em fatores protetores. Conclusão : o controle pré-natal é uma intervenção eficiente e efetiva para a gestão do risco da saúde, assim como diminuir as gravidezes nas mulheres jovens (<18 anos) e maiores (>35 anos) teriam um papel fundamental na redução de estadias prolongadas na uci neonatal.