ABSTRACT
Since mid-July 2023, an outbreak caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b genotype BB is ongoing among farmed animals in South and Central Ostrobothnia, Finland. Infections in foxes, American minks and raccoon dogs have been confirmed on 20 farms. Genetic analysis suggests introductions from wild birds scavenging for food in farm areas. Investigations point to direct transmission between animals. While no human infections have been detected, control measures are being implemented to limit spread and human exposure.
Subject(s)
Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype , Influenza A virus , Influenza in Birds , Animals , Farms , Finland/epidemiology , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics , Influenza in Birds/epidemiology , Mink , PhylogenyABSTRACT
The first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Finland was confirmed on 29 January 2020. No secondary cases were detected. We describe the clinical picture and laboratory findings 3-23 days since the first symptoms. The SARS-CoV-2/Finland/1/2020 virus strain was isolated, the genome showing a single nucleotide substitution to the reference strain from Wuhan. Neutralising antibody response appeared within 9 days along with specific IgM and IgG response, targeting particularly nucleocapsid and spike proteins.
Subject(s)
Contact Tracing , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus/genetics , Coronavirus/isolation & purification , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/immunology , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/immunology , Travel , Adult , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Asymptomatic Infections , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , COVID-19 Testing , China , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Coronavirus/immunology , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Female , Finland , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Immunoglobulin A/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Neutralization Tests , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/pathogenicity , SARS-CoV-2 , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/etiology , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/virology , Viral Envelope ProteinsABSTRACT
We report an outbreak of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia among shipyard workers, in Turku, Southwest Finland. In total, 31 confirmed and six probable cases were identified between 3 May and 28 November 2019. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 12F, 4 and 8 were isolated from blood cultures of 25 cases. Occupational hygiene measures and vaccination of ca 4,000 workers are underway to control the outbreak at the shipyard.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Pneumococcal Infections/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/diagnosis , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Adult , Female , Finland/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multilocus Sequence Typing , Pneumococcal Infections/blood , Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology , Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/blood , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology , Serogroup , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genetics , Whole Genome SequencingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In Finland, the surveillance of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) became obligatory by the renewed Communicable Diseases Act on the 1st March 2017. AIM: To introduce HAI surveillance protocol (HALT-2 by ECDC) in primary care hospitals in the largest hospital district in Finland, and to measure the burden of HAIs and antimicrobial use patterns for improvement. METHODS: Two identical point prevalence surveys (PPS) were organized in autumn 2015 and in spring 2017. The infection control persons (ICP) in the hospitals were inducted to the HAI definitions and the study protocol to collect the data with questionnaires on the study days. The data were checked and analyzed by the areal infection control unit. The hospitals were provided feedback of the results and HAI prevention methods. FINDINGS: In 2015, 2218 patients from 22 hospitals and in 2017, 2343 patients from 25 hospitals were studied. The prevalence of HAI was 11% in both surveys (ranges per hospital 4-24% and 4-31%, respectively). Of all HAIs, 37% originated from referring hospitals. Respiratory tract, urinary tract and skin were the most frequent sites of infection. One fourth of all patients received at least one systemic antimicrobial. The process showed that recognition of HAIs may be difficult for non-experienced ICPs. CONCLUSIONS: The HALT-2 protocol proved useful in introducing HAI surveillance and prevention in primary care hospitals with active patient transfer from other hospitals and relatively high prevalence of HAI and antimicrobial use. For annually repeated surveys, slightly shorter electronic questionnaires are essential.