Potential of ZnO nanoparticles for multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli having CRISPR-Cas from poultry market in Lahore.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Apart from known factors such as irrational use of antibiotics and horizontal gene transfer, it is now reported that clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are also associated with increased antimicrobial resistance. Hence, it is critical to explore alternatives to antibiotics to control economic losses. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine not only the association of CRISPR-Cas system with antibiotic resistance but also the potential of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from poultry market Lahore. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples (n = 100) were collected from live bird markets of Lahore, and isolates were confirmed as Escherichia coli (E. coli) using the Remel One fast kit, and APEC was identified using PCR. The antibiotic resistance pattern in APEC was determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), followed by genotypic confirmation of antibiotic-resistant genes using the PCR. The CRISPR-Cas system was also identified in multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, and its association with antibiotics was determined using qRT-PCR. The potential of ZnO-NPs was evaluated for multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates by MIC. RESULTS: All isolates of APEC were resistant to nalidixic acid, whereas 95% were resistant to chloramphenicol and 89% were resistant to streptomycin. Nineteen MDR APEC were found in the present study and the CRISPR-Cas system was detected in all of these MDR isolates. In addition, an increased expression of CRISPR-related genes was observed in the standard strain and MDR isolates of APEC. ZnO-NPs inhibited the growth of resistant isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed the presence of the CRISPR-Cas system in MDR strains of APEC, along with the potential of ZnO-NPs for a possible solution to proceed. This highlights the importance of regulating antimicrobial resistance in poultry to reduce potential health consequences.

Long-Short-Term-Memory-Based Deep Stacked Sequence-to-Sequence Autoencoder for Health Prediction of Industrial Workers in Closed Environments Based on Wearable Devices.

To reduce the risks and challenges faced by frontline workers in confined workspaces, accurate real-time health monitoring of their vital signs is essential for improving safety and productivity and preventing accidents. Machine-learning-based data-driven methods have shown promise in extracting valuable information from complex monitoring data. However, practical industrial settings still struggle with the data collection difficulties and low prediction accuracy of machine learning models due to the complex work environment. To tackle these challenges, a novel approach called a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based deep stacked sequence-to-sequence autoencoder is proposed for predicting the health status of workers in confined spaces. The first step involves implementing a wireless data acquisition system using edge-cloud platforms. Smart wearable devices are used to collect data from multiple sources, like temperature, heart rate, and pressure. These comprehensive data provide insights into the workers' health status within the closed space of a manufacturing factory. Next, a hybrid model combining deep learning and support vector machine (SVM) is constructed for anomaly detection. The LSTM-based deep stacked sequence-to-sequence autoencoder is specifically designed to learn deep discriminative features from the time-series data by reconstructing the input data and thus generating fused deep features. These features are then fed into a one-class SVM, enabling accurate recognition of workers' health status. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach are demonstrated through comparisons with other existing approaches.

A Density Functional Theory and Microkinetic Study of Acetylene Partial Oxidation on the Perfect and Defective Cu2O (111) Surface Models.

The catalytic removal of C2H2 by Cu2O was studied by investigating the adsorption and partial oxidation mechanism of C2H2 on both perfect (stoichiometric) and CuCUS-defective Cu2O (111) surface models using density functional theory calculations. The chemisorption of C2H2 on perfect and defective surface models needs to overcome the energy barrier of 0.70 and 0.81 eV at 0 K. The direct decomposition of C2H2 on both surface models is energy demanding with the energy barrier of 1.92 and 1.62 eV for the perfect and defective surface models, respectively. The H-abstractions of the chemisorbed C2H2 by a series of radicals including H, OH, HO2, CH3, O, and O2 following the Langmuir−Hinshelwood mechanism have been compared. On the perfect Cu2O (111) surface model, the activity order of the adsorbed radicals toward H-abstraction of C2H2 is: OH > O2 > HO2 > O > CH3 > H, while on the defective Cu2O (111) surface model, the activity follows the sequence: O > OH > O2 > HO2 > H > CH3. The CuCUS defect could remarkably facilitate the H-abstraction of C2H2 by O2. The partial oxidation of C2H2 on the Cu2O (111) surface model tends to proceed with the chemisorption process and the following H-abstraction process rather than the direct decomposition process. The reaction of C2H2 H-abstraction by O2 dictates the C2H2 overall reaction rate on the perfect Cu2O (111) surface model and the chemisorption of C2H2 is the rate-determining step on the defective Cu2O (111) surface model. The results of this work could benefit the understanding of the C2H2 reaction on the Cu2O (111) surface and future heterogeneous modeling.

[Identification of Fertilized Chicken Eggs Based on Visible/Near-Infrared Spectrum During Early Stage of Incubation].

In the process of chicken egg hatching, some eggs can not be hatched successfully due to the absence of fertilization. These eggs not only cause a lot of waste, but also infect other normal eggs with bacteria. In the study, the fertilized eggs and clear eggs is identified by using the visible/near-infrared spectrum. It is of great necessity to get the best time of identifying the clear eggs in the early of hatching, so the variation of eggs' quality in the condition of hatching over time is studied. The results show that eggs are fresh after 24 hours' hatching and eggs can not be eaten after 72 hours' hatching while the best time of identification is within 36 hours. Static acquisition system is developed based on visible/near-infrared transmission spectrum for acquiring spectrum. Comparing the effect of the model of the different samples of same breed and samples of different breed, the different part of spectrum among fertilized eggs and clear eggs is deleted which caused by the color of eggshell and yolk, the effective spectral band are 355～590 and 670～1 025 nm. Adopting the pretreatment of PCA and comparing the accuracy of the various mathematical models with different time and the number of principal components decide the best number of principal components. Considering the production efficiency and comparing the different pretreatment methods of spectrum, for examples, SNV, MSC, Derivative correction and PCA, and various mathematical models are combined to establish the most efficient discriminant model. The result shows that the most efficient discriminant model is established with Fisher and based on the pretreatment of PCA after 24 hours' hatching. And the precision rate is 87.18%. The study provides a new way for nondestructive and online identification of the fertilized eggs and clear eggs.

Lignin hydrolysis and phosphorylation mechanism during phosphoric acid-acetone pretreatment: a DFT study.

The study focused on the structural sensitivity of lignin during the phosphoric acid-acetone pretreatment process and the resulting hydrolysis and phosphorylation reaction mechanisms using density functional theory calculations. The chemical stabilities of the seven most common linkages (ß-O-4, ß-ß, 4-O-5, ß-1, 5-5, α-O-4, and ß-5) of lignin in H3PO4, CH3COCH3, and H2O solutions were detected, which shows that α-O-4 linkage and ß-O-4 linkage tend to break during the phosphoric acid-acetone pretreatment process. Then α-O-4 phosphorylation and ß-O-4 phosphorylation follow a two-step reaction mechanism in the acid treatment step, respectively. However, since phosphorylation of α-O-4 is more energetically accessible than phosphorylation of ß-O-4 in phosphoric acid, the phosphorylation of α-O-4 could be controllably realized under certain operational conditions, which could tune the electron and hole transfer on the right side of ß-O-4 in the H2PO4- functionalized lignin. The results provide a fundamental understanding for process-controlled modification of lignin and the potential novel applications in lignin-based imprinted polymers, sensors, and molecular devices.

Determining coefficients in a reconstructed aerosol concentrations model from observed visibility.

A model reconstructing aerosol loading from observed visibility was proposed by Rosenfeld et al. in 2007, and it has been adopted by many researchers. The validity of original coefficients of this model was examined by a correlation analysis between visibility and PM10 concentration. The results showed that the coefficients in this model are not applicable in the region studied and they needed to be adjusted. Optimized coefficients were determined using several approaches in this study. The authors suggest that the methodology put forward by this paper would be meaningful for not only the reconstruction of long-term aerosol concentration data but also the application of the model proposed by Rosenfeld et al.

Influence of Ag Metal Dispersion on the Catalyzed Reduction of CO2 into Chemical Fuels over Ag-ZrO2 Catalysts.

Metal/metal oxide catalysts reveal unique CO2 adsorption and hydrogenation properties in CO2 electroreduction for the synthesis of chemical fuels. The dispersion of active components on the surface of metal oxide has unique quantum effects, significantly affecting the catalytic activity and selectivity. Catalyst models with 25, 50, and 75% Ag covering on ZrO2, denoted as Ag4/(ZrO2)9, Ag8/(ZrO2)9, and Ag12/(ZrO2)9, respectively, were developed and coupled with a detailed investigation of the electronic properties and electroreduction processes from CO2 into different chemical fuels using density functional theory calculations. The dispersion of Ag can obviously tune the hybridization between the active site of the catalyst and the O atom of the intermediate species CH3O* derived from the reduction of CO2, which can be expected as the key intermediate to lead the reduction path to differentiation of generation of CH4 and CH3OH. The weak hybridization between CH3O* and Ag4/(ZrO2)9 and Ag12/(ZrO2)9 favors the further reduction of CH3O* into CH3OH. In stark contrast, the strong hybridization between CH3O* and Ag8/(ZrO2)9 promotes the dissociation of the C-O bond of CH3O*, thus leading to the generation of CH4. Results provide a fundamental understanding of the CO2 reduction mechanism on the metal/metal oxide surface, favoring novel catalyst rational design and chemical fuel production.

An EGFP Knock-in Zebrafish Experimental Model Used in Evaluation of the Amantadine Drug Safety During Early Cardiogenesis.

Background: Drug exposure during gestation or in prematurely born children represents a significant risk to congenital heart disease (CHD). Amantadine is an antiviral agent also effective in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, while its potential side effects associated with tetralogy of fallot (ToF) and birth defects were implicated, its underlying etiologic mechanisms of action remain unknown. Here, we report teratogenic effects of amantadine drug during early cardiogenesis through developing a novel zebrafish (Danio rerio) knock-in (KI) animal model and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Homologous recombination (HR) pathway triggered by CRISPR/Cas9 system was utilized to generate an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) KI zebrafish animal model. Dynamic fluorescence imaging coupled with a whole-mount in-situ hybridization (WISH) assay was employed to compare the spatial and temporal expression patterns of the EGFP reporter in the KI animal model with the KI-targeted endogenous gene. Heart morphology and EGFP expression dynamics in the KI animal models were monitored to assess cardiac side effects of different doses of amantadine hydrochloride. Expression of key genes required for myocardium differentiation and left-right (LR) asymmetry was analyzed using WISH and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Results: A novel EGFP KI line targeted at the ventricular myosin heavy chain (vmhc) gene locus was successfully generated, in which EGFP reporter could faithfully recapitulate the endogenous expression dynamics of the ventricle chamber-specific expression of the vmhc gene. Amantadine drug treatment-induced ectopic expression of vmhc gene in the atrium and caused cardiac-looping or LR asymmetry defects to dose-dependently during early cardiogenesis, concomitant with dramatically reduced expression levels of key genes required for myocardium differentiation and LR asymmetry. Conclusion: We generated a novel zebrafish KI animal model in which EGFP reports the ventricle chamber-specific expression of vmhc gene dynamics that is useful to effectively assess drug safety on the cardiac morphology in vivo. Specifically, this study identified teratogenic effects of amantadine drug during early cardiogenesis dose dependent, which could be likely conveyed by inhibiting expression of key genes required for cardiac myocardium differentiation and LR asymmetry.

Ab Initio Calculation of Surface Thermochemistry for Popular Solid Transition Metal-Based Species.

This work reports the thermochemistry calculations for solid-phase periodic models of ten popular transition metal-based species. These model structures were refined to stable geometry by geometric optimization along with calculating the thermodynamic properties including enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity at constant pressure, and Gibbs free energy by DMol3 package via first-principles ab initio calculations. The temperature-dependent thermochemistry values were converted to a NASA seven-polynomial format. The behavior of different thermodynamic parameters based on temperature was investigated and their comparative analysis was done. A higher number of atoms tends to show higher thermodynamic values. Moreover, these thermodynamic values agree reasonably well with previously reported experimental and computational values. Metal copper shows higher thermodynamic values as compared to its oxide. The thermodynamic properties of lanthanum-based oxides have been newly calculated through the ab initio method. Amorphous structures reveal higher thermodynamic values compared to their crystalline counterparts. A comparison between different transition metal-based species gives a better understanding of the different crystalline structures and their surface sites. These calculated thermodynamic data and polynomials can be used for a variety of thermodynamic calculations and kinetic modeling.

Black liquor increases methane production from excess pulp and paper industry sludge.

The aim of the study was to use black liquor produced during the soda pulping process in a pulp and paper mill to increase methane production during pulp and paper industry sludge treatment and decrease the treatment cost. The effects of black liquor on sludge solubilization and methane production were assessed and the economic feasibility of the process was evaluated. Black liquor and NaOH were found to be equivalent in the thermochemical pretreatment process to solubilize sludge and disintegrate flocs. However, adding black liquor increased the background chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acid concentration and increased the amount of methane produced by approximately 7-30%. A start-up delay was emphasized by first-order kinetics model due to black liquor addition while methane production remained stable. Economic assessments of five scenarios were performed. It was found to be economically feasible to use black liquor to replace NaOH for the thermal pretreatment process. The surplus methane generated suggested that co-digestion of sludge and black liquor allows surplus bioenergy to be produced during the thermochemical pretreatment anaerobic digestion process.

Supramolecular hydrogel-infiltrated ceramics composite coating with combined antibacterial and self-lubricating performance.

Inspired by the structure and dynamic weeping lubricating mechanism of articular cartilage, a novel composite coating composed of a textured Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) ceramics reservoir and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) hybrid supramolecular hydrogel was developed on the basis of a soft/hard combination strategy. The precursor solution including the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified AgNPs and α-cyclodextrins (α-CDs) could be infiltrated deep into (50-60 µm) the pores of a textured YSZ ceramics substrate by a vacuum infiltration method, in situ forming a supramolecular hydrogel within the pores through host-guest inclusion between α-CDs and PEG chains distributed onto the surface of AgNPs. The AgNPs hybrid hydrogel showed thixotropic and thermoresponsive gel-sol transition behavior, low cytotoxicity, and excellent drug-loading capacity, as well as significant antibacterial properties. The textured YSZ ceramics not only provided a hard supporting skeleton and stable reservoir to protect the supramolecular hydrogel from destruction under load-bearing or shear condition, but also allowed retaining the stimuli-responsive gel-sol transition property and drug-release capability of the infiltrated hydrogel, endowing the composite coating with excellent antibacterial properties, and self-lubrication and wear-resistance performance. The composite coating in this work brings a new insight into the design of antibacterial and self-lubricating ceramic coatings for artificial joint applications.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurogenesis and brain blood supply in piriform cortex in rats with vascular dementia.

BACKGROUND: Neural stem cell treatment and neurogenesis stimulation have gained attention as potential treatments for vascular dementia (VD). Currently, research mainly focuses on neurogenesis occurring in the sub-ventricular zone and dentate gyrus, while the research of the piriform cortex (Pir) is limited. Few results showed that weak neurogenesis exists in the Pir of adult rats. Since neurogenesis occurs in the Pir and is closely related to cognitive function, this study addressed the question of whether neurogenesis occurs in the Pir of an animal with the VD. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE AND HYPOTHESIS: This study investigated the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on brain blood supply and neurogenesis in the piriform cortex (Pir) of rats with VD. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Compared to non-VD control rats (NC), rats with VD showed reduced rCBF, increased rCBV and slower MTT in the Pir. However, following hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment in VD rats, rCBF increased, rCBV decreased and MTT increased. To determine whether the restoration in brain blood supply was associated with increased neurogenesis, immunohistochemical detection of nestin and doublecortin (DCX) was used. In the Pir of both normal and VD rats, nestin positive cells were localized to layer II (superficial cellular layer) and layer III (deep cellular layer). Nestin expression was increased in Pir cells in VD rats and was even more intensely expressed after the HBO treatment. DCX positive cells were mostly located in layer II from amygdaline fissure to rhinal fissure. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that HBO therapy can improve the blood supply and promote the neurogenesis in the Pir of adult rats with the VD.

Preparation of high-permeance ceramic microfiltration membranes using a pore-sealing method.

A pore-sealing method for preparation of high-permeance alumina microfiltration (MF) membranes free of any intermediate layers is presented. It involves sequential coating of a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) layer and an alumina membrane precursor on the surface of the macroporous alumina support. An alumina MF membrane with no intermediate layers can be obtained on the support after pyrolysis of the PVB interlayer. The interlayer-free membrane prepared by this method has an average pore diameter of 0.26 µm and a water permeance of 1468 ± 81 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 which is prominently higher than that of the ceramic membranes prepared with other techniques. The conspicuous increase of water permeance is speculated mainly due to the filtration resistance decrease of the interlayer-free ceramic membrane.

Vitrification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash with B2O3 as a fluxing agent.

In this paper, B2O3 was used as a fluxing agent to reduce the melting temperature of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash and promote the glassy phase formation. Ash fusion temperature (AFT) test, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermodynamic calculation were carried out. The results showed that the flow temperature decreased from 1211 °C to 986 °C with an increase in the B2O3 content from 0 to 15 wt%. The melting slag lead to a decrease in the surface area and an increase in the mass transfer resistance of heavy metals. Thus, the agglomeration of the fly ash particles became easier with the reduced viscosity of the liquid slag. The volatilization of Pb, Cd and Zn in fly ash was inhibited. The leaching behavior of heavy metals was evaluated, the results indicated that Zn and Cu were stable whereas the Pb and Cd were soluble in glassy slag.

CaO-Assisted Alkaline Liquid Waste Drives Corn Stalk Chemical Looping Gasification for Hydrogen Production.

The chemical looping gasification (CLG) process is a promising pathway to produce hydrogen-enriched syngas with biomass. It is urgent to enhance the reactivity and thermal stability of oxygen carriers (OC) and capture the inherently separated CO2. This work presents the strategy of simultaneous modification of a Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carrier and the supplement of an oxidant for corn stalk chemical looping gasification by introducing KNO3-containing ethanol liquid waste. CaO is employed to capture the generated CO2 and promote the reaction balance toward hydrogen production in a fuel reactor (FR). The highest carbon conversion reaction rate of 1.1 × 10-4 mol/g could be obtained at the ratio of CaO to fuel carbon and the reaction temperature of 1.5 and 600 °C, respectively. The kinetics and thermodynamics analyses under the optimized condition are further discussed to verify the possibility and high efficiency of using alkaline organic liquid waste to boost solid fuel gasification for hydrogen production. This CLG strategy shows multifunctional merits, including organic liquid waste treatment, biomass CLG promotion, and hydrogen production enhancement.

Catalytic ozonation of rhodamine B over CuO catalyst confined in multiwalled carbon nanotubes: An experimental and theoretical account.

We first attempted to fill CuO particles in the channel of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as novel catalytic materials CuO@CNTs used for ozonation of rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution. Catalyst samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform IR (FT-IR) method. Removal efficiency of RhB was significantly promoted at the presence of ozonation/CuO@CNTs compared with that of ozonation alone, ozonation/pure CNTs, and ozonation with CuO-coating CNTs catalyst (CuO/CNTs). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations further demonstrated that CNTs provided a confined environment to promote the decomposition of ozone and the generation of hydroxyl radical, making the ozonation process more efficient. This study provided a possible treatment approach for organic pollutants by using CNTs-confined nanocatalysts in aqueous solution.

Plasma Exosomal miR-450b-5p as a Possible Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Transient Ischaemic Attacks in Rats.

Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and cerebral infarction are difficult to identify within the thrombolytic time window. Blood markers are efficient, economical and noninvasive and can be beneficial in the diagnosis of many diseases. Plasma exosomal biomarkers are rarely reported in TIA. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) were extracted from plasma and cerebrospinal fluid after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats (0 min, 5 min, 10 min, 2 h). Deep sequencing was used to detect exosomal miRNAs in rat plasma and confirm significant differentially expressed miRNAs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the differentially expressed miRNAs in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Exosomal miRNAs with the same expression trends in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were selected, and bioinformatics analysis was then carried out. Finally, the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was determined to assess the diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs for TIA in rats. First, high-throughput sequencing was used to detect the expression level of plasma exosome miRNA, and rno-miR-450b-5p with a decreasing expression level was screened. Second, the expression levels of exosomal miRNAs were verified in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples by PCR, and the results indicated that exosomal rno-miR-450b-5p was similarly expressed in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. ROC analysis showed high AUC values for rno-miR-450b-5p (0.880) in the 10 min ischaemia rats compared with the control rats. Finally, bioinformatic analysis indicated that exosomal rno-miR-450b-5p may be involved in cerebral ischaemia. Plasma exosomal rno-miR-450b-5p has a high diagnostic value and may become a therapeutic target for rat TIA.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 inhibitor THZ2 inhibits the growth of human gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) is a member of the CDK family, which forms the CDK activating kinase complex with Cyclin H and RING finger protein Mat1 to control cell cycle progression and transcription by phosphorylating other CDKs and RNA polymerase II. In this study, we analyzed TCGA data and found that upregulation of CDK7 frequently occurred in human gastric cancer. A potent and selective irreversible CDK7 inhibitor THZ2 was able to induce cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis with the increasing intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) levels in gastric cancer cells. Pretreatment with ROS scavenger N-acety-L-cysteine partially reversed cell apoptosis induced by THZ2. In the nude mice, THZ2 also suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors of gastric cancer. Overall, our data showed that inhibition of CDK7 with THZ2 in gastric cancer presented outstanding anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that CDK7 is a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer patients.

[Evolution and evaluation of schistosomiasis prevention and control institutions in China].

Schistosomiasis is one of a few endemic and infectious diseases, which are controlled by the specific prevention and control institutions in China. Through the review of historical data, this paper describes the construction, continuation and changes of schistosomiasis prevention and control institutions in different historical periods and systems, and analyzes and evaluates its historical function, contribution and status.

Tellurium-Impregnated Porous Cobalt-Doped Carbon Polyhedra as Superior Cathodes for Lithium-Tellurium Batteries.

Lithium-tellurium (Li-Te) batteries are attractive for energy storage owing to their high theoretical volumetric capacity of 2621 mAh cm-3. In this work, highly nanoporous cobalt and nitrogen codoped carbon polyhedra (C-Co-N) derived from a metal-organic framework (MOF) is synthesized and employed as tellurium host for Li-Te batteries. The Te@C-Co-N cathode with a high Te loading of 77.2 wt % exhibits record-breaking electrochemical performances including an ultrahigh initial capacity of 2615.2 mAh cm-3 approaching the theoretical capacity of Te (2621 mAh cm-3), a superior cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 93.6%, a ∼99% Columbic efficiency after 800 cycles as well as rate capacities of 2160, 1327.6, and 894.8 mAh cm-3 at 4, 10, and 20 C, respectively. The redox chemistry of tellurium is revealed by in operando Raman spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory simulations. The results illustrate that the performances are attributed to the highly conductive C-Co-N matrix with an advantageous structure of abundant micropores, which provides highly efficient channels for electron transfer and ionic diffusion as well as sufficient surface area to efficiently host tellurium while mitigating polytelluride dissolution and suppressing volume expansion.