ABSTRACT
Food matrices contain bioactive compounds that have health benefits beyond nutritional value. The bulk of bioactive chemicals are still present in agro-industrial by-products as food matrices. Throughout the food production chain, there is a lot of agro-industrial waste that, if not managed effectively, could harm the environment, company, and how nutritiously and adequately people eat. It's important to establish processes that maximise the use of agro-industrial by-products, such as biological technologies that improve the extraction and acquisition of bioactive compounds for the food and pharmaceutical industries. As opposed to nonbiological processes, biological procedures provide high-quality, bioactive extracts with minimum toxicity and environmental impact. Fermentation and enzymatic treatment are biological processes for obtaining bioactive compounds from agro-industrial waste. In this context, this article summarises the principal bioactive components in agro-industrial byproducts and the biological methods employed to extract them. In this review efficient utilization of bioactive compounds from agro-industrial waste more effectively in food and pharmaceutical industries has been described.
ABSTRACT
The main goal of this study was to provide possible alternative production medium containing xylose enriched spent lemongrass hydrolysate with glycerol as a feedstock and corn gluten meal as a nitrogen source for their ability to support the cell growth of the Streptomyces clavuligerus MTCC 1142 for the production of clavulanic acid. The xylose was extracted from spent lemongrass by using 0.25% dilute nitric acid and further partial purification of acid spent hydrolysate was performed using ion exchange resin. The method was optimized using xylose enriched hydrolysate as feed stock combined with glycerol at ratio 1:1 and growing the selected strain aerobically in media at neutral pH containing 5 mM phosphate ion concentration and using corn gluten meal as a nitrogen source, fermenting at a temperature of 28-30 °C for 96 h and 0.59 g/L clavulanic acid was effectively produced. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using spent lemongrass as feedstock for the cultivation of S. clavuligerus to produce clavulanic acid.
Subject(s)
Cymbopogon , Xylose , Clavulanic Acid , Glycerol , Fermentation , Nitrogen , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
AIMS & OBJECTIVES: To analyze the soft tissue response in patients treated by combined anterior segmental bimaxillary procedures. METHODS: A Prospective, observational and analytical study was carried out for a period of 2 years involving 37 patients with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria; lateral cephalograms were taken by the same operator on the standardized unit immediately before and 6 months after surgery; hard and soft tissue landmarks were measured in millimeters to both horizontal and vertical reference lines; any differences in distances were recorded as a surgical change; appropriate statistical test was carried; level of significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS: All patients underwent anterior maxillary osteotomy with 34 anterior mandibular osteotomies, 2 advancement genioplasties and 1 reduction genioplasty. Analysis showed significant angular, horizontal and vertical change. The significant differences in skeletal variables were observed in N-Pg distance, overjet, overbite, U1-NF angle, L1-Mp angle and soft tissue variables like labiomental angle, upper-lower lip protrusion, upper-lower lip length and lower incisor to labrale inferius distance. Nasolabial angle, interlabial gap and upper incisor exposure were extremely significant. CONCLUSION: Soft tissue response to surgery is perhaps more predictable after 6 months, so this may be a treatment modality of choice in adult bimaxillary/dentoalveolar protrusion patients who need instant esthetic facial results.