ABSTRACT
A series of cationic lipo-benzamide compounds with varying lengths of hydrocarbon chains (C2M-C18M) were evaluated for anti-Candida activity. Four compounds harbouring 8-11 hydrocarbon chains demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of fungal cell growth with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ≤6.2⯵gâ¯ml-1. The most active compound (C9M) inhibited growth of both Candida albicans and non-albicans strains and is equally active against pairs of azole sensitive and resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans. Compound C9M also inhibited different stages of Candida biofilms. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of Candida cells after C9M treatment was also done and no significant cell lysis was observed. Hemolysis assay was performed and only 2.5% haemolysis was observed at MIC concentration.
Subject(s)
Alkanes/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Biofilms/drug effects , Candida albicans/drug effects , Alkanes/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/chemical synthesis , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Benzamides/chemical synthesis , Benzamides/chemistry , Benzamides/pharmacology , Candida albicans/cytology , Cations/chemical synthesis , Cations/chemistry , Cations/pharmacology , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Structure , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Novel molecular iodine catalyzed cyclization reactions of 2-amino anilines with aryl alkyl ketones under oxidant and metal-free conditions are described. The reaction likely involves sequential C-N bond formation followed by C(CO)-C(alkyl) bond cleavage. Various 2-substituted benzimidazoles are obtained in moderate to good yields in a single step from readily available acetophenones, propiophenones, and phenylacetophenones.
ABSTRACT
A novel copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative C(NOH)-C(alkyl) bond cleavage reaction of aryl/aralkyl/vinyl ketones for the synthesis of aromatic/acrylic acids is described. A series of ketones having aryl/aralkyl/vinyl at the one end and methyl to any higher alkyl at the other end can be selectively cleaved and converted into the corresponding acids via oxime intermediates.
Subject(s)
Acrylates/chemical synthesis , Copper/chemistry , Ketones/chemistry , Oxygen/chemistry , Acrylates/chemistry , Catalysis , Oxidation-ReductionABSTRACT
An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative annulation of aryl acetylenes-arylethenes-aromatic ketones with 1,2-diamines for the synthesis of pyrazines and regioselective synthesis of quinoxalines is presented. A multipathway coupled domino approach has been developed for the one-pot synthesis of 1,4-diazines with high functional group compatibility.