Prevalence and genotypic (G and P) determination of porcine group A rotaviruses from different regions of India.

Group A rotaviruses can infect both humans and animals and have been recognized as an important cause of diarrhea in porcine. In this study, we report the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses detected in piglets in different regions of India. A total 275 fecal samples (180 diarrheal and 95 non-diarrheal) from piglets were collected from the western (135), southern (60), northern (20), and North-Eastern Hill (NEH) (60) regions of India and tested for rotaviruses. All the samples were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rotaviruses were detected in 10.18 % of samples by SDS-PAGE and/or RT-PCR with a maximum of 30 % from the NEH region followed by 7.4 % from the western region. Samples from the southern and northern regions were found to be negative. Only 10 isolates were subjected to genotypic characterization using amplification of VP7 and VP4 genes followed by two separate multiplex PCR assays for G genotyping and another two for P genotyping using genotype-specific primers. Of these, three isolates could be typed as G4 specificity, one with G9, and three as P[6] leading to identification of an uncommon strain, G4P[6]. One isolate was further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. The data demonstrate genetic diversity of porcine rotavirus strains and suggest that pig farms may serve as potential reservoirs for human infections.

Cryptosporidiosis in a buffalo calf at Meerut, Uttar Pradesh and its successful therapeutic management.

Cryptosporidium spp. are recognized as one of the most important enteric pathogens causing enteritis and severe diarrhoea in calves up to 1 month of age. Although the infection may be responsible for some mortality, its impact is mainly associated with the impairment of gastrointestinal functions and lower performance of animals. A female buffalo calf of 25 days old was presented to OPD section, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, SVPUA&T, Meerut, with the symptoms of severe voluminous watery cholera like diarrhea with mucous and blood tinge since 4-5 days. On physical examination, calf was dehydrated, weak, and emaciated with normal temperature. Parasitological examination of the faeces by the direct smear and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique revealed presence of high number of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. The affected female buffalo calf was treated with azithromycin and provided supportive care. Diarrohoeal symptoms were stopped from 3rd day and animal returned to normal condition by 7th day post treatment.