Origanum vulgare manganese ferrite nanocomposite: An advanced multifunctional hybrid material for dye remediation.

The purpose of the study was to fabricate sustainable and cost-effective material for the thorough cleansing of polluted water. In this context, an economical, phytogenic and multifunctional Origanum vulgare plant-based nanocomposite material, MnFe2O4/OV, was prepared via one-pot synthetic technique. The synthesized nanocomposite with a band gap of 2.02 eV behaved as an efficient nano-photocatalyst for the degradation of both cationic (crystal violet) and anionic (congo red) dyes under direct sunlight irradiation. The material also inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria and simultaneously adsorbed both cationic and anionic dyes from water through adsorption. A variety of techniques have been used to characterize the nanocomposite, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, the kinetics of photodegradation of the aforementioned organic dyes has also been investigated. The MnFe2O4/OV exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, leading to 43% and 72% degradation within 3 h at rate constants of 2.0 × 10-3 min-1 and 6.0 × 10-3 min-1 for crystal violet and congo red, respectively. The crystal violet and congo red were used to testify to the composite's potential for adsorption under the influence of several process variables, including initial solution pH, contact time, temperature, initial dye concentration, and amount of MnFe2O4/OV. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity Qmax as in the range 14.06-14.59 mgg-1 for crystal violet and 34.45-23.93 mgg-1 for congo red at pH 7 within 90 min contact time in the temperature range of 30-50 °C. The phenomenon of adsorption was found feasible and endothermic at all the investigated temperatures. Also, E. coli and S. Aureus bacteria have shown growth suppression activity when exposed to MnFe2O4/OV.As a result, the synthesized nanocomposite, MnFe2O4/OV, proved to be an antimicrobial, multifunctional novel nanocomposite, which is in high demand, and could serve as an affordable, and sustainable material for comprehensive water filtration.

Colorectal carcinoma in first decade of life: our experience.

INTRODUCTION: Though the lifetime risk of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in general population is 5-6 %, it is uncommon in pediatric age group. Here, we are reporting our experience of CRC in the first decade of life. METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2013, seven patients with histopathologically confirmed colorectal carcinoma were treated in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chittagong Medical College and hospital. Age, sex, presenting symptoms, location of the primary tumor, serum CEA level, treatment modalities and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: There were four male and three female patients and age ranged from 6.5 to 10.5 years. Rectum (3 patients) and rectosigmoid (2 patients) were the most common primary sites. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen level was obtained in six patients and in only one patient the level was raised markedly (137 ng/ml). Two patients of familial adenomatous polyposis had localized disease and others presented in an advanced stage. Histopathologically, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was noted in five patients with one signet ring cell type and well differentiated in rest of the two patients. Only one patient was surviving at the last follow up. CONCLUSION: Advanced stage at diagnosis, aggressive histologic subtype and poor survival are the hallmarks of pediatric CRC.

Multivariate statistics and entropy theory for irrigation water quality and entropy-weighted index development in a subtropical urban river, Bangladesh.

Currently, a well-developed combination of irrigation water quality index (IWQIs) and entropy water quality index (EWQIs) for surface water appraisal in a polluted subtropical urban river is very scarce in the literature. To close this gap, we developed IWQIs by establishing statistics-based weights of variables recommended by FAO 29 standard value using the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) compared with the proposed EWQIs based on information entropy in the Dhaleshwari River, Bangladesh. Fifty surface water samples were collected from five sampling locations during the dry and wet seasons and analyzed for sixteen variables. Principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA), Moran's spatial autocorrelation, and random forest (RF) model were employed in the datasets. Weights were allocated for primary variables to compute IWQI-1, 2 and EWQI-1, 2, respectively. The resultant IWQIs showed a similar trend with EWQIs and revealed poor to good quality water, with IWQI-1 for the dry season and IWQI-2 for the wet season is further suggested. The entropy theory recognized that Mg2+, Cr, TDS, and Cl- for the dry season and Cd, Cr, Cl-, and SO42- for the wet season are the major contaminants that affect irrigation water quality. The primary input variables were lessened to ultimately shortlisted ten variables, which revealed good performance in demonstrating water quality status since weights have come effectively from PCA than FA. The results of the RF model depict NO3-, Mg2+, and Cr as the most predominant variables influencing surface water quality. A significant dispersed pattern was detected for IWQImin-3 in the wet season (Moran's I>0). Overall, both IWQIs and EWQIs will generate water quality control cost-effective, completely objective to establish a scientific basis of sustainable water management in the study basin.