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1.
Genomics ; 113(3): 1037-1047, 2021 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33482327

ABSTRACT

The 297 winter rice accessions of Assam, North East India were genotyped by sequencing (GBS). The 50,985 high-quality SNPs were filtered and assigned to 12 rice chromosomes. The population structure analysis revealed three major subgroups SG1, SG2, and SG3 consisting of 30, 8, and 143 accessions respectively. The remaining 116 accessions were grouped as admixture population. Phenotypic data were recorded on13 agronomical traits for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The 60 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified for 11 agronomical traits, which explained 0 to 15% of phenotypic variance (PV). A QTL 'hot spot' was detected near the centromeric region on chromosome 6. The identified QTLs may be validated and utilized in 'genomics assisted breeding' for improvement of existing rice cultivars of Assam and North East India.


Subject(s)
Genome-Wide Association Study , Oryza , Oryza/genetics , Phenotype , Plant Breeding , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Quantitative Trait Loci
2.
HIV Med ; 22(4): 314-320, 2021 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33295150

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular risk is increased in people living with HIV (PLWH). In HIV-uninfected populations, total absolute monocyte count (AMC) has been shown to be predictive of future cardiovascular events (CVEs). We sought to determine whether AMC predicts CVEs in PLWH independent of established and HIV-related cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: We identified all PLWH within the Partners HIV Cohort without factors that could confound the monocyte count. CVE was defined as fatal or non-fatal acute myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke. Baseline-measured AMC was defined as the average of all outpatient AMC counts a year before and after the baseline date. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of baseline AMC with CVEs. RESULTS: Our cohort consisted of 1980 patients, with median follow-up of 10.9 years and 182 CVEs. Mean (± SD) age was 41.9 ± 9.3 years; 73.0% were male. Mean CD4 count was 506.3 ± 307.1 cells/µL, 48% had HIV viral load (VL) < 400 copies/mL, and 87% were on antiretroviral therapy. Mean AMC was 0.38 × 103  ± 0.13 cells/µL. In multivariable modelling adjusted for traditional CV risk factors, CD4 cell count, and HIV VL, AMC quartile 2 (Q2) (HR = 1.01, P = 0.98), Q3 (HR = 1.07, P = 0.76), and Q4 (HR = 0.97, P = 0.89) were not significantly predictive of CVE compared with Q1. DISCUSSION: Baseline AMC was not associated with long-term CVEs in PLWH. AMC obtained in routine clinical encounters does not appear to enhance CV risk stratification in PLWH.


Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia , HIV Infections , Stroke , Adult , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Monocytes , Retrospective Studies
3.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 199(1): 97-108, 2020 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31509227

ABSTRACT

Kidney injury significantly increases overall mortality. Neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils) are the most abundant human blood leukocytes. They are characterized by a high turnover rate, chiefly controlled by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The role of kidney injury and uremia in regulation of granulopoiesis has not been reported. Kidney transplantation, which inherently causes ischemia-reperfusion injury of the graft, elevated human neutrophil expression of the surface glycoprotein CD177. CD177 is among the most G-CSF-responsive neutrophil genes and reversibly increased on neutrophils of healthy donors who received recombinant G-CSF. In kidney graft recipients, a transient rise in neutrophil CD177 correlated with renal tubular epithelial G-CSF expression. In contrast, CD177 was unaltered in patients with chronic renal impairment and independent of renal replacement therapy. Under controlled conditions of experimental ischemia-reperfusion and unilateral ureteral obstruction injuries in mice, renal G-CSF mRNA and protein expression significantly increased and systemic neutrophilia developed. Human renal tubular epithelial cell G-CSF expression was promoted by hypoxia and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 17A in vitro. Clinically, recipients of ABO blood group-incompatible kidney grafts developed a larger rise in neutrophil CD177. Their grafts are characterized by complement C4d deposition on the renal endothelium, even in the absence of rejection. Indeed, complement activation, but not hypoxia, induced primary human endothelial cell G-CSF expression. Our data demonstrate that kidney injury induces renal G-CSF expression and modulates granulopoiesis. They delineate differential G-CSF regulation in renal epithelium and endothelium. Altered granulopoiesis may contribute to the systemic impact of kidney injury.


Subject(s)
Basigin/metabolism , Endothelium/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/biosynthesis , Neutrophils/metabolism , Renal Insufficiency/metabolism , Thrombopoiesis , Animals , Basigin/immunology , Disease Models, Animal , Endothelium/immunology , Endothelium/pathology , Female , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology , Humans , Kidney Transplantation , Male , Mice , Neutrophils/immunology , Neutrophils/pathology , Renal Insufficiency/immunology , Renal Insufficiency/pathology , Renal Insufficiency/surgery , Reperfusion Injury/immunology , Reperfusion Injury/metabolism , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Ureteral Obstruction/immunology , Ureteral Obstruction/metabolism , Ureteral Obstruction/pathology
4.
Clin Genet ; 93(2): 329-339, 2018 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29068479

ABSTRACT

To provide a comprehensive data on the prevalence of mutations in Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) candidate genes from a larger Indian cohort. Ninety-two unrelated subjects were recruited after complete ophthalmic examination and informed consent. Targeted re-sequencing of 20 candidate genes was performed using Agilent HaloPlex target enrichment assay and sequenced on Illumina MiSeq platform. The data were analyzed using standard bioinformatics pipeline, variants annotated, validated and segregated. Genotype-phenotype correlation was performed for the mutation-positive cases. Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) for the 20 candidate genes generated data with an average sequence coverage and depth of 99.03% and 134X, respectively. Mutations were identified in 61% (56/92) of the cases, which were validated, segregated in the families and absent in 200 control chromosomes. These mutations were observed in 14/20 candidate genes and 39% (21/53) were novel. Distinct phenotypes were observed with respect to genotypes. To our knowledge, this study presents the first comprehensive mutation spectrum of LCA in a large Indian cohort. The mutation-negative cases indicate scope for finding novel candidate gene(s) although mutations in deep intronic and regulatory regions cannot be ruled out.


Subject(s)
Exome/genetics , Genetic Profile , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Leber Congenital Amaurosis/genetics , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Consanguinity , Female , Genetic Association Studies , Genotype , Humans , India , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Leber Congenital Amaurosis/physiopathology , Male , Mutation/genetics , Pedigree , Phenotype , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
5.
Clin Genet ; 89(6): 690-9, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26822852

ABSTRACT

Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous retinal disorder which represents rod photoreceptor dysfunction or signal transmission defect from photoreceptors to adjacent bipolar cells. Patients displaying photoreceptor dysfunction show a Riggs-electroretinogram (ERG) while patients with a signal transmission defect show a Schubert-Bornschein ERG. The latter group is subdivided into complete or incomplete (ic) CSNB. Only few CSNB cases with Riggs-ERG and only one family with a disease-causing variant in SLC24A1 have been reported. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) in a previously diagnosed icCSNB patient identified a homozygous nonsense variant in SLC24A1. Indeed, re-investigation of the clinical data corrected the diagnosis to Riggs-form of CSNB. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified compound heterozygous deletions and a homozygous missense variant in SLC24A1 in two other patients, respectively. ERG abnormalities varied in these three cases but all patients had normal visual acuity, no myopia or nystagmus, unlike in Schubert-Bornschein-type of CSNB. This confirms that SLC24A1 defects lead to CSNB and outlines phenotype/genotype correlations in CSNB subtypes. In case of unclear clinical characteristics, NGS techniques are helpful to clarify the diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Eye Diseases, Hereditary/genetics , Genes, Recessive , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods , Mutation , Myopia/genetics , Night Blindness/genetics , Sodium-Calcium Exchanger/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Electroretinography , Exome/genetics , Eye Diseases, Hereditary/diagnosis , Eye Diseases, Hereditary/physiopathology , Family Health , Female , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/diagnosis , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/physiopathology , Homozygote , Humans , Male , Myopia/diagnosis , Myopia/physiopathology , Night Blindness/diagnosis , Night Blindness/physiopathology , Pedigree , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
6.
Opt Express ; 24(13): 14737-47, 2016 Jun 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27410627

ABSTRACT

Polarimetry has widespread applications within atmospheric sensing, telecommunications, biomedical imaging, and target detection. Several existing methods of imaging polarimetry trade off the sensor's spatial resolution for polarimetric resolution, and often have some form of spatial registration error. To mitigate these issues, we have developed a system using oriented polymer-based organic photovoltaics (OPVs) that can preferentially absorb linearly polarized light. Additionally, the OPV cells can be made semitransparent, enabling multiple detectors to be cascaded along the same optical axis. Since each device performs a partial polarization measurement of the same incident beam, high temporal resolution is maintained with the potential for inherent spatial registration. In this paper, a Mueller matrix model of the stacked OPV design is provided. Based on this model, a calibration technique is developed and presented. This calibration technique and model are validated with experimental data, taken with a cascaded three cell OPV Stokes polarimeter, capable of measuring incident linear polarization states. Our results indicate polarization measurement error of 1.2% RMS and an average absolute radiometric accuracy of 2.2% for the demonstrated polarimeter.

7.
Clin Genet ; 87(2): 161-6, 2015 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24400638

ABSTRACT

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), a ciliopathy disorder with pleiotropic effect manifests primarily as retinal degeneration along with renal insufficiency, polydactyly and obesity. In this study, we have performed homozygosity mapping using NspI 250K affymetrix gene chip followed by mutation screening of the candidate genes located in the homozygous blocks. These regions are prioritized based on the block length and candidature of the genes in BBS and other ciliopathies. Gene alterations in known BBS (22) and other ciliopathy genes such as ALMS1 (2) were seen in 24 of 30 families (80%). Mutations in BBS3 gene, inclusive of a novel recurrent mutation (p.I91T) accounted for 18% of the identified variations. Disease associated polymorphisms p.S70N (BBS2), rs1545 and rs1547 (BBS6) were also observed. This is the first study in Indian BBS patients and homozygosity mapping has proved to be an effective tool in prioritizing the candidate genes in consanguineous pedigrees. The study reveals a different mutation profile in the ciliopathy genes in Indian population and implication of novel loci/genes in 20% of the study group.


Subject(s)
ADP-Ribosylation Factors/genetics , Bardet-Biedl Syndrome/genetics , Group II Chaperonins/genetics , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Proteins/genetics , Bardet-Biedl Syndrome/physiopathology , Cell Cycle Proteins , Chaperonins , Chromosome Mapping , Cytoskeletal Proteins , Female , Genetic Association Studies , Homozygote , Humans , India , Male , Mutation , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Renal Insufficiency/genetics , Renal Insufficiency/physiopathology , Retinal Degeneration/genetics , Retinal Degeneration/physiopathology
8.
Lancet Glob Health ; 10(5): e685-e693, 2022 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35427525

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Annual outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome pose a major health burden in India. Although Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) accounts for around 15% of reported cases, the aetiology of most cases remains unknown. We aimed to establish an enhanced surveillance network and to use a standardised diagnostic algorithm to conduct a systematic evaluation of acute encephalitis syndrome in India. METHODS: In this large-scale, systematic surveillance study in India, patients presenting with acute encephalitis syndrome (ie, acute onset of fever with altered mental status, seizure, or both) to any of the 18 participating hospitals across Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Assam were evaluated for JEV (serum and cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] IgM ELISA) per standard of care. In enhanced surveillance, JEV IgM-negative specimens were additionally evaluated for scrub typhus, dengue virus, and West Nile virus by serum IgM ELISA, and for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, dengue virus, herpes simplex virus, and enterovirus by CSF PCR across five referral laboratories. In 2017, chikungunya and Leptospira serum IgM by ELISA and Zika virus serum and CSF by PCR were also tested. FINDINGS: Of 10 107 patients with acute encephalitis syndrome enrolled in enhanced surveillance between Jan 1, 2014, and Dec 31, 2017, 5734 (57·8%) of 9917 participants with available data were male and 6179 (62·7%) of 9856 were children aged 15 years and younger. Among patients who provided a sample of either CSF or serum in enhanced surveillance, an aetiology was identified in 1921 (33·2%) of 5786 patients enrolled between 2014 and 2016 and in 1484 (34·3%) of 4321 patients enrolled in 2017. The most commonly identified aetiologies were JEV (1023 [17·7%] of 5786 patients), scrub typhus (645 [18·5%] of 3489), and dengue virus (161 [5·2%] of 3124). Among participants who provided both CSF and serum specimens, an aetiology was identified in 1446 (38·3%) of 3774 patients enrolled between 2014 and 2016 and in 936 (40·3%) of 2324 enrolled in 2017, representing a 3·1-times increase in the number of patients with acute encephalitis syndrome with an identified aetiology compared with standard care alone (299 [12·9%]; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION: Implementation of a systematic diagnostic algorithm in an enhanced surveillance platform resulted in a 3·1-times increase in identification of the aetiology of acute encephalitis syndrome, besides JEV alone, and highlighted the importance of scrub typhus and dengue virus as important infectious aetiologies in India. These findings have prompted revision of the national testing guidelines for this syndrome across India. FUNDING: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.


Subject(s)
Acute Febrile Encephalopathy , Chikungunya Fever , Encephalitis Virus, Japanese , Scrub Typhus , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus , Acute Febrile Encephalopathy/diagnosis , Acute Febrile Encephalopathy/epidemiology , Acute Febrile Encephalopathy/etiology , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Child , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin M/cerebrospinal fluid , India/epidemiology , Male , Scrub Typhus/diagnosis , United States
9.
RSC Adv ; 11(6): 3390-3398, 2021 Jan 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35424312

ABSTRACT

Cell-surface sphingomyelin (SM) inhibits binary and ternary complex activity of blood coagulation by an unknown mechanism. Here we show the OH functionality of SM contributes in forming the close assembly through intermolecular H-bond and through Ca2+ chelation, which restricts the protein-lipid/protein-protein interactions and thus inhibits the coagulation procedure.

10.
Haemophilia ; 16(2): 339-48, 2010 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19845776

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Recombinant coagulation factor VIIa (rFVIIa), which is widely used for treatment of bleeding episodes in haemophilia patients with inhibitors, is cleared from the circulation relatively fast with a plasma half-life of 2-4 h. PEGylation is an established and clinically proven strategy for prolonging the circulatory life-time of bio-therapeutic proteins. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glycoPEGylation of rFVIIa on rFVIIa binding to its cellular receptors and its subsequent internalization. rFVIIa and glycoPEGylated rFVIIa were labeled with (125)I and the radio-iodinated proteins were used to monitor rFVIIa binding and uptake in endothelial cells and fibroblasts. FVIIa-TF activity at the cell surface was analyzed by a factor X activation assay. Modification of rFVIIa with PEG impaired rFVIIa binding to both endothelial cell protein C receptor and tissue factor (TF) on cell surfaces. The internalization of PEGylated rFVIIa in endothelial cells and fibroblasts was markedly lower compared to the internalization of rFVIIa in these cells. PEGylated rFVIIa was able to activate factor X on TF expressing cell surfaces at a rate similar to that of unmodified rFVIIa when the cells were not subjected to multiple washings to remove the free ligand. General effects such as steric hindrance or changes in electrostatic binding properties of the modified rFVIIa to its receptors are probably responsible for this impairment rather than a loss of specific recognition of the receptors, which could explain near normal activation of factor X by glycoPEGylated rFVIIa on TF expressing cells while its uptake is reduced.


Subject(s)
Blood Coagulation Factors/physiology , Factor VIIa/metabolism , Endothelial Cells/metabolism , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Factor VIIa/physiology , Glycosylation , Humans , Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Umbilical Veins/cytology
11.
Biochemistry (Mosc) ; 75(3): 367-74, 2010 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20370615

ABSTRACT

We have studied the effect of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), an alpha-helix inducer, versus methyl cyanide (MeCN), a beta-sheet inducer, on acid-denatured human serum albumin (HSA) using far-UV circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence, 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate binding, and acrylamide quenching studies. Interestingly, at pH 2.0, where the recovery and resolution of the protein in reverse phase chromatography is high, its secondary structure remains unchanged even in the presence of very high concentration (76% v/v) of MeCN. Gain of 23 and 34% alpha-helicity was observed in the presence of 20 and 50% TFE, respectively. At pH 7.3, HSA aggregates in the presence of 40% MeCN, but it remains soluble up to 75% MeCN at pH 2.0. The results seem to be important for HSA isolation and purification.


Subject(s)
Acetonitriles/pharmacology , Serum Albumin/chemistry , Circular Dichroism , Humans , Protein Structure, Secondary , Spectrometry, Fluorescence , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Trifluoroethanol/chemistry
12.
J Mater Sci Mater Med ; 21(11): 2955-69, 2010 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20644982

ABSTRACT

The inability to maintain high concentrations of antibiotic at the site of infection for an extended period of time along with dead space management is still the driving challenge in treatment of osteomyelitis. Porous bioactive ceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) and beta-tri calcium phosphate (ß-TCP) were some of the alternatives to be used as local drug delivery system. However, high porosity and high interconnectivity of pores in the scaffolds play a pivotal role in the drug release and bone resorption. Ceftriaxone is a cephalosporin that has lost its clinical popularity. But has recently been reported to exhibit better bactericidal activity in vitro and reduced probability of resistance development, in combination with sulbactam, a ß-lactamase inhibitor. In this article, a novel approach of forming HAp and pure ß-TCP based porous scaffolds by applying together starch consolidation with foaming method was used. For the purpose, pure HAp and ß-TCP were prepared in the laboratory and after thorough characterization (including XRD, FTIR, particle size distribution, etc.) the powders were used for scaffold fabrication. The ability of these scaffolds to release drugs suitably for osteomyelitis was studied in vitro. The results of the study indicated that HAp exhibited better drug release profile than ß-TCP when drug was used alone indicating the high influence of the carrier material. However, this restriction got relaxed when a bilayered scaffold was formed using chitosan along with the drug. SEM studies along with EDAX on the drug-chitosan bilayered scaffold showed closest apposition of this combination to the calcium phosphate surface.


Subject(s)
Calcium Phosphates/chemistry , Chitosan/chemistry , Drug Carriers/chemical synthesis , Durapatite/chemistry , Polymers/chemical synthesis , Starch/pharmacology , Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemical synthesis , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/pharmacology , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Drug Delivery Systems/methods , Polymers/chemistry , Porosity , Powders/chemical synthesis , Powders/chemistry , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Starch/chemistry , Viscoelastic Substances/chemistry , X-Ray Diffraction
14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17573235

ABSTRACT

Ag nanoparticles in water phase have been synthesized employing the electro-exploding wire technique. A surface plasmon peak is observed at 400nm, characteristic of the Ag nanoparticles. A fluorescence emission peak is recorded at 300nm for excitation wavelengths in two different ranges 215-230 and 255-280nm. The position of the fluorescence peak remains fixed, irrespective of the excitation wavelength employed. These are assigned to electronic transition from different higher excited states to d levels of the Ag nanoparticles. In concomitant with these, there are two resonant absorptions at 5.76 and 4.59eV as evident from the fluorescence excitation spectra.


Subject(s)
Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Silver/chemistry , Water/chemistry , Fluorescence , Metal Nanoparticles/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Spectrophotometry , X-Ray Diffraction
15.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 51(1): 42-4, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18417851

ABSTRACT

A 75-year-old male presented with complaint of painless left inguinoscrotal mass slowly increasing in size since 9 years. Clinical impression was malignancy arising in left testis or cord. Initial incisional biopsy was reported as fibromatosis. Later on wide excision of tumor was done and histopathology showed dedifferentiated liposarcoma with areas of fibromatosis.


Subject(s)
Liposarcoma/diagnosis , Testicular Neoplasms/pathology , Aged , Biopsy , Fibroma/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Testicular Neoplasms/surgery
16.
Eye (Lond) ; 32(2): 345-351, 2018 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28862256

ABSTRACT

PurposeTo report the incidence rate, management, and surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in children who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with sutured scleral-fixated intraocular lens implantation (SSFIOL).Patients and methodsOf the 279 eyes of 230 children who underwent PPV with SSFIOL at a tertiary eye care centre, 16 eyes of 15 children developed RRD. Retrospective analysis of the surgical details of RRD, the structural and functional outcomes was done.ResultsOf the 279 eyes of 230 children who underwent PPV with SSFIOL, RRD was seen in 5.7% of the eyes. Average age was 10.7 years (range 4-15 years). Indication for SSFIOL implantation was congenital subluxation of lens (8 eyes) and traumatic aphakia or lens subluxation (4 eyes each). PPV was done in 15 of the 16 eyes, and 1 patient underwent scleral buckling. Retina was attached at the last follow-up visit in 87.5% of the eyes with median number of surgeries being 1. BCVA at the time of retinal detachment, multiple surgeries, and PVR at presentation were associated with poor visual outcome.ConclusionSurgery for SSFIOL in our series of paediatric eyes was complicated by vision-threatening RRD in 5.7% of cases. Surgical outcome in eyes with RRD without PVR was better (100%) than that in those, where PVR had already set in (75%). Need for regular follow-up and self-monitoring of vision should be emphasized and discussed with the parents before surgical intervention.


Subject(s)
Lens Implantation, Intraocular/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Retinal Detachment/etiology , Vitrectomy/adverse effects , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Lens Implantation, Intraocular/methods , Lenses, Intraocular , Male , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Retinal Detachment/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Sclera/surgery , Suture Techniques , Visual Acuity , Vitrectomy/methods
17.
Nanoscale Res Lett ; 13(1): 390, 2018 Dec 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30511188

ABSTRACT

Protein glycation is a major biochemical event that takes place in the plasma of diabetic patients due to increased sugar levels. Extensive glycation leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that is well known for having detrimental effects on diabetic patients. In the current work, we have glycated the physiologically important protein Haemoglobin A0 in vitro to study AGE formation and activity by using them as a template for gold nanoparticle (GNPs) synthesis. It was found that the surface plasmon resonance of synthesised GNPs showed high correlation with the extent of glycation. On fractionation, the glycated Haemoglobin A0 segregated into two distinct population of products, one consisting of proteinaceous, cross-linked larger fragments of Haemoglobin A0 and a second population of non-proteinaceous low molecular weight AGEs. Only low molecular weight AGEs contributed to synthesis of GNPs upon using the fractions as a template, substantiating the principle of proposed GNP-based assay. Owing to its physiological importance, AGEs can be used as a diagnostic means for diabetes and its associated complications. In this study, we have employed the high reactivity of AGEs for the development of a GNP-based novel colorimetric sensor to enable their detection. Our proposed GNP-based sensing could have high clinical significance in detecting diabetes and its associated complexities.

18.
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci ; 27(6): 628-637, 2018 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28637536

ABSTRACT

AIMS: The UK has one of the largest systems of immigration detention in Europe.. Those detained include asylum-seekers and foreign national prisoners, groups with a higher prevalence of mental health vulnerabilities compared with the general population. In light of little published research on the mental health status of detainees in immigration removal centres (IRCs), the primary aim of this study was to explore whether it was feasible to conduct psychiatric research in such a setting. A secondary aim was to compare the mental health of those seeking asylum with the rest of the detainees. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with simple random sampling followed by opportunistic sampling. Exclusion criteria included inadequate knowledge of English and European Union nationality. Six validated tools were used to screen for mental health disorders including developmental disorders like Personality Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Intellectual Disability, as well as for needs assessment. These were the MINI v6, SAPAS, AQ-10, ASRS, LDSQ and CANFOR. Demographic data were obtained using a participant demographic sheet. Researchers were trained in the use of the screening battery and inter-rater reliability assessed by joint ratings. RESULTS: A total of 101 subjects were interviewed. Overall response rate was 39%. The most prevalent screened mental disorder was depression (52.5%), followed by personality disorder (34.7%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (20.8%). 21.8% were at moderate to high suicidal risk. 14.9 and 13.9% screened positive for ASD and ADHD, respectively. The greatest unmet needs were in the areas of intimate relationships (76.2%), psychological distress (72.3%) and sexual expression (71.3%). Overall presence of mental disorder was comparable with levels found in prisons. The numbers in each group were too small to carry out any further analysis. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to undertake a psychiatric morbidity survey in an IRC. Limitations of the study include potential selection bias, use of screening tools, use of single-site study, high refusal rates, the lack of interpreters and lack of women and children in study sample. Future studies should involve the in-reach team to recruit participants and should be run by a steering group consisting of clinicians from the IRC as well as academics.


Subject(s)
Depression/epidemiology , Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Refugees/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/psychology , Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Emigration and Immigration , Feasibility Studies , Female , Humans , Mental Disorders/psychology , Mental Health , Morbidity , Prisoners/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , United Kingdom/epidemiology
19.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 36(7): 661-2, 2007 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17391924

ABSTRACT

Intraoral occurrences of Spitz naevus are very rare, there being only one previously documented case in the literature. Here is reported a case of a young male who presented with a pigmented lesion of the upper labial mucosa which had the clinical appearance of a simple naevus. Excision biopsy confirmed this to be a Spitz naevus. This lesion shares histopathological similarities with malignant melanoma. Spitz naevus is a benign lesion, but malignant transformation has been reported and close monitoring is recommended.


Subject(s)
Lip Neoplasms/diagnosis , Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell/diagnosis , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Melanoma/diagnosis , Mouth Mucosa/pathology
20.
Can Respir J ; 2017: 9064046, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28316463

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Failure of the vascular pulmonary remodeling at birth often manifests as pulmonary hypertension (PHT) and is associated with a variety of neonatal lung disorders including a uniformly fatal developmental disorder known as alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV). Serum serotonin regulation has been linked to pulmonary vascular function and disease, and serotonin transporter (SERT) is thought to be one of the key regulators in these processes. We sought to find evidence of a role that SERT plays in the neonatal respiratory adaptation process and in the pathomechanism of ACD/MPV. Methods. We used histology and immunohistochemistry to determine the timetable of SERT protein expression in normal human fetal and postnatal lungs and in cases of newborn and childhood PHT of varied etiology. In addition, we tested for a SERT gene promoter defect in ACD/MPV patients. Results. We found that SERT protein expression begins at 30 weeks of gestation, increases to term, and stays high postnatally. ACD/MPV patients had diminished SERT expression without SERT promoter alteration. Conclusion. We concluded that SERT/serotonin pathway is crucial in the process of pulmonary vascular remodeling/adaptation at birth and plays a key role in the pathobiology of ACD/MPV.


Subject(s)
Lung/metabolism , Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome/etiology , Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism , Adaptation, Physiological , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Lung/embryology , Male , Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome/metabolism , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Serotonin/metabolism , Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
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