Subject(s)
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome/pathology , Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome/therapy , Melanoma/pathology , Reoperation , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Watchful Waiting , Biopsy , Dermatologic Surgical Procedures , Female , Humans , Male , Margins of Excision , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Skin/pathology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Importance: Skin cancer screening may improve melanoma outcomes and keratinocyte carcinoma morbidity, but little is known about the feasibility of skin cancer training and clinical skin examination (CSE) by primary care practitioners (PCPs) in large health care systems. Objective: To assess the association of skin cancer training and screening by PCPs with dermatology referral patterns and rates of skin biopsies. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this pilot interventional study performed at the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, patients 35 years or older scheduled for an annual health habits screen in the PCP general medicine clinics were studied. Interventions: Six PCPs underwent Internet Curriculum for Melanoma Early Detection (INFORMED) training in May 2015, and 5 screened patients during the following 14 months. Main Outcomes and Measures: Proportion of dermatology referrals, subsequent skin biopsies, and PCP diagnostic accuracy for skin cancer or precancer compared with dermatologist diagnosis were assessed in screened patients 14 months before the intervention (February 18, 2014, through April 30, 2015) and after the intervention (June 18, 2015, through August 30, 2016). Results: Among 258 patients offered screening (median age, 70 years; age range, 35-94 years; 255 [98.8%] male), 189 (73.3%) received CSE and 69 (26.7%) declined. A total of 62 of 189 patients (32.8%) were referred to a dermatologist after intervention: 33 (53.2%) for presumptive skin cancers and 15 (24.2%) for precancers. Nine of 50 patients (18.0%) evaluated in dermatology clinic underwent biopsy to exclude skin cancer. Correct diagnoses were made by PCPs in 13 of 38 patients (34.2%; 4 of 27 patients [14.8%] diagnosed with skin cancers and 5 of 11 patients [45.5%] diagnosed with actinic keratoses). Comparison of all outpatient visits for the 5 main participating PCPs before vs after intervention revealed no significant differences in dermatology referrals overall and those for presumptive skin cancer or actinic keratoses, skin biopsies, or PCP diagnostic accuracy with the exception of significantly fewer postintervention dermatology referrals that lacked specific diagnoses (25 [1.0%] vs 10 [0.4%], P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance: This pilot study suggests that PCP-based skin cancer training and screening are feasible and have the potential to improve PCP diagnostic accuracy without increasing specialty referrals or skin biopsies. Additional studies comparing screening rates, specialty referrals, and patient outcomes in trained vs untrained PCPs are needed before screening is widely implemented in large health care systems in the United States.
Subject(s)
Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Mass Screening/methods , Melanoma/diagnosis , Primary Health Care/methods , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy/methods , Education, Medical, Continuing/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Primary Health Care/standards , Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data , United States , United States Department of Veterans AffairsABSTRACT
IMPORTANCE: Fractionated, ultrapulsed carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy is a powerful tool for the treatment of scars. Common adverse effects of this therapeutic modality have been previously documented. We describe 2 unreported adverse effects of ultrapulsed CO2 laser treatment of mature scars in a patient previously treated with silver-impregnated dressings. OBSERVATIONS: A teenage survivor of toxic epidermal necrolysis presented with faint but diffuse dyschromia clinically and histologically consistent with localized argyria secondary to silver-impregnated dressings used years earlier. The patient was subsequently treated with fractionated CO2 for her scarring, but her hyperpigmentation worsened with each treatment. A subsequent biopsy specimen revealed a zone of dystrophic calcification with adjacent pseudo-ochronotic fibers that were not appreciated on biopsy specimens taken before CO2 laser treatment, suggesting unique complications not previously reported. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: We present 2 unique complications secondary to ultrapulsed, fractionated CO2 laser treatment in a patient previously treated with silver-impregnated dressings: (1) the appearance of pseudo-ochronotic fibers in areas of worsening pigmentation and (2) evidence of dystrophic calcification limited to columns of fractionated laser ablation. Therefore, a history of argyria or treatment with silver-impregnated dressings should be considered before treatment with fractionated CO2 lasers.