ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Gestational anemia is a serious public health problem that affects pregnant women worldwide. Pregnancy conditions and outcomes might be associated with the presence of gestational anemia. This study investigated the association of pregnancy characteristics with anemia, exploring the potential etiology of the disease. AIM: To assess the association of pregnancy parameters with gestational anemia. METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted based on the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study-Peking Union Medical College Project (CPWCS-PUMC). A total of 3172 women were included. Patient characteristics and gestational anemia occurrence were extracted, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of pregnancy parameters with gestational anemia. RESULTS: Among the 3172 women, 14.0% were anemic, 46.4% were 25-30 years of age, 21.9% resided in eastern, 15.7% in middle, 12.4% in western 18.0% in southern and 32.0% in northern regions of China. Most women (65.0%) had a normal prepregnancy body mass index. Multivariable analysis found that the occurrence of gestational anemia was lower in the middle and western regions than that in the eastern region [odds ratio (OR) = 0.406, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.309-0.533, P < 0.001)], higher in the northern than in the southern region (OR = 7.169, 95%CI: 5.139-10.003, P < 0.001), lower in full-term than in premature births (OR = 0.491, 95%CI: 0.316-0.763, P = 0.002), and higher in cases with premature membrane rupture (OR=1.404, 95%CI: 1.051-1.876, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Gestational anemia continues to be a health problem in China, and geographical factors may contribute to the situation. Premature birth and premature membrane rupture may be associated with gestational anemia. Therefore, we should vigorously promote local policy reformation to adapt to the demographic characteristics of at-risk pregnant women, which would potentially reduce the occurrence of gestational anemia.
ABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to investigate the distribution of mast cells (MCs) and the expression of transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) on tryptase positive MCs in different types of human periapical diseases. Periapical tissues of 78 participates were used in this study, including healthy control (n=28), periapical cyst (n=25), and periapical granuloma (n=25). The tissue samples were fixed in 10% formalin for at least 48 h, followed by staining with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for histopathological examination. Then, they were stained with toluidine blue for MCs and MCs degranulation examination, or stained with double immunofluorescence for identification of tryptase-TGF-ß double positive MCs. The results showed that the density of tryptase-TGF-ß double positive MCs in periapical lesions was significantly higher than that of healthy control (P<0.01). The number of TGF-ß positive MCs in the periapical cyst was potently higher than that in the periapical granuloma (P<0.01). In addition, compared with toluidine blue staining, the number of MCs with double immunofluorescence staining was significantly increased (P<0.01). The TGF-ß positive MCs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of human chronic periapical diseases, particularly in the formation of fibrous tissues in periapical cyst. Double immunofluorescence staining is more sensitive than the traditional toluidine blue staining for identifying MCs.
ABSTRACT
In the Traditional Chinese medical literature of ancient times, Bi referred to the pathogenesis, or the symptoms as well as the name of the disease. As the name of a disease, Bi has the different meanings of broad and narrow., joint-running, joint-running wind, white tiger joint-running, gout etc. referring to the narrow meaning of Bi disease. The theory of etiology and pathogenesis of the narrow meaning of Bi disease developed from damp-impediment, wind-cold-damp impediment to damp-hot impediment, stasis-hot impediment, which reflected the constant deepening of cognition.